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Title / Compare, contrast and evaluate the application of tikanga Māori in Iwi FisheriesAsset Management
Level / 5 / Credits / 30
Purpose / People credited with this unit standard are able to:compare and contrast the application of tikanga Māori to Iwi Fisheries Asset Management; and evaluate the potential for the application of tikanga Māori to improve contemporary Iwi Fisheries Asset Management.
This unit standard is for people who are looking to extend their experience, skills and knowledge in working within Iwi Fisheries AssetManagement contexts.
Classification / Seafood MāoriKaupapa Tangaroa
Available grade / Achieved
Entry information
Recommended skills and knowledge / Unit 20329, Explain and apply customary management tools and practices used for sustainable fishing.
Explanatory notes
1Legislation relevant to this unit standard includes but is not limited to – Fisheries Act 1996 and associated regulations such as the Fisheries (Kaimoana Customary Fishing) Regulations 1998; Fisheries (Amateur Fishing) Regulations 1986, specifically regulation 27A; Fisheries (South Island Customary Fishing) Regulations 1999; Biosecurity Act 1993; Te Ture Whenua Maori/Maori Land Act 1993, Maori Fisheries Act 2004; Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975; Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act 1992 and subsequent amendments.
2Definitions
Iwi Fisheries Asset Management in a contemporary sense refers to managing commercial and customary fish quota, fisheries, or fish species that Mandated Iwi Organisations are responsible for. This may be at a local, regional (hapū) or iwi level. In a traditional sense, this term refers to the holistic application of tikanga Māori to a fishery for the betterment of the hapū or iwi.
Mandated Iwi Organisation(MIO), in relation to an iwi, means an organisation recognised by Te Ohu Kai Moana Trustee Limited as the representative organisation of that iwi under the Maori Fisheries Act 2004.
Tikanga Māori refers to an integrated system of concepts and practices with which to live and operate within effectively and safely. These concepts and practices may include but are not limited to:
Ahikā and ahimataotao – Rights to occupation and decision making in relation to the use and management of the natural world were based on the concepts of ahikā and ahimataotao. Rights to land were determined through continuous occupation or continuous absence from the land.
Kaitiakitanga – The conservation ethic embodied in the practice of Kaitiakitanga is important for the sustainable management of natural and physical resources. The use, management, and control of these resources are carried out to the mutual benefit of people and resources.
Mana – The practice of Kaitiakitanga is carried out by iwi and hapū through the exercise of iwi and hapū mana, embodied in the concept of tino rangatiratanga. Mana is derived from mana atua, mana whenua, and mana tūpuna.
Manaakitanga refers to providing support, protection, care and hospitality, and is a fundamental practice which has a range of applications. An associated aspect is the concept of Tiaki or caring for others. A common example of manaakitanga is the practice of providing food for guests.
Mātaitai refers to a mātaitai reserve, which is a reserve on a traditional fishing ground for the purpose of recognising and providing for customary management practices and food gathering.
Rāhui refers to a temporary ban on fishing or a closure of an area to fishing. This may, or may not, be approved by the Minister under section 186A or B of the Fisheries Act.
Tapu and noa – All taonga are tapu. The tapu of taonga needs to be removed temporarily in some cases before people can make use of them. Karakia are important for the removal of tapu and rendering taonga noa.
Taiapure refers to a local management tool established in an area that has customarily been of special significance to an iwi or hapū as a source of food or for spiritual or cultural reasons.All fishing (including commercial fishing) can continue in a taiapure. This tool offers a way for tangata whenua to become involved in the management of both commercial and non-commercial fishing in their area.
Tino rangatiratanga – is the authority to protect or conserve. Kaitiakitanga can only be practised through the exercise of tino rangatiratanga.
Whakapapa, or genealogy, is integral to the understanding of te ao Māori. Whakapapa links the living to all that has been before: ngā atua, ngā tūpuna. Whakapapa provides an overlapping framework for hītori Māori and identifies the linkages between individuals, hapū, whānau and iwi.
Whanaungatanga – People share a common whakapapa with taonga of the natural world through Tane Mahuta and Hineahuone. People also share common characteristics with atua Māori, eg Tangaroa. The nature of this kinship relationship determines people's rights, responsibilities, and obligations in relation to the use, management, and control of taonga of the natural world. This concept underpins a Māori environmental management system. Whanaungatanga determines rights and use, and responsibility to sustainably manage particular resources, eg the right to harvest kaimoana sustainably is derived through whakapapa, whanaungatanga, and ahikā.
3This unit standard is based on research and analysis of tikanga Māori concepts and practices, and their application in sustainable Iwi Fisheries Asset Management. Assessment against this unit standard will be based on Iwi Fisheries Asset Management of one region for which an MIO has responsibility. Where engagement and consultation with tangata whenua is required, tikanga and kawa specific to the hapū or iwi are applied
Outcomes and evidence requirements
Outcome 1
Compare and contrast the application of tikanga Māori to Iwi Fisheries Asset Management.
Rangetraditional application, contemporary application;
a minimum of ten tikanga Māori concepts and/or practices are required.
Evidence requirements
1.1Application of tikanga Māori is explained and analysed in terms of its interpretation by the iwi or hapū.
1.2Application of tikanga Māori is explained and analysed in terms of its purpose, process, monitoring, and individual responsibilities.
Rangeincludes but is not limited to – benefits, risks, consequences.
1.3Application of tikanga Māori is compared and contrasted in terms of the similarities and differences.
Rangeincludes findings from evidence requirements 1.1 and 1.2.
Outcome 2
Evaluate the potential for the application of tikanga Māori to improvecontemporary Iwi Fisheries Asset Management.
Rangeincludes cultural, social, environmental, and economicopportunities.
Evidence requirements
2.1Potential opportunities for the application of tikanga Māori are evaluated in terms of how the Iwi Fisheries assets can be improved, and how the improvements can be managed.
2.2Potential opportunitiesfor the application of tikanga Māori areevaluated in terms of the potential benefits and risks.
Planned review date / 31December2014Status information and last date for assessment for superseded versions
Process / Version / Date / Last Date for AssessmentRegistration / 1 / 15 April 2011 / N/A
Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMR) reference / 0123
This CMR can be accessed at
Please note
Providers must be granted consent to assess against standards (accredited) by NZQA, before they can report credits from assessment against unit standards or deliver courses of study leading to that assessment.
Industry Training Organisations must be granted consent to assess against standards by NZQA before they can register credits from assessment against unit standards.
Providers and Industry Training Organisations, which have been granted consent and which are assessing against unit standards must engage with the moderation system that applies to those standards.
Requirements for consent to assess and an outline of the moderation system that applies to this standard are outlined in the Consent and Moderation Requirements (CMRs). The CMR also includes useful information about special requirements for organisations wishing to develop education and training programmes, such as minimum qualifications for tutors and assessors, and special resource requirements.
Comments on this unit standard
Please contact the Primary Industry Training you wish to suggest changes to the content of this unit standard.
Primary Industry Training OrganisationSSB Code 101558 / New Zealand Qualifications Authority 2018