Name ______

Spring Final Review

Calculations

1. Use the diagram above to determine the approximate difference in gravitational potential energy of the two shaded boxes?

A. 19 JB. 39 JC. 59 JD. 79 J

2. A 1-kilogram ball has a kinetic energy of 50 joules. The velocity of the ball is –

A. 5 m/sB. 25 m/sC. 10 m/sD. 50 m/s

3. Which of these is the most appropriate unit of measure for reporting the density of a solid?

A. g/cm3B. g/cmC. g/L2D. g/mm2

4. A 0.50 kg ball with a speed of 4.0 m/s strikes a stationary 1.0 kg target. If momentum is conserved, what is the total momentum of the ball and target after the collision?

A. 0.0 kgm/sB. 0.5 kgm/sC. 1.0 kgm/sD. 2.0 kgm/s

5. A person pushes a large box across a level floor by applying a horizontal force of 200 N. If the person pushes the box a distance of 5 meters in 10 seconds, how muc work does the person do on the box?

A. 2000 JB. 1000 JC. 400 JD. 100 J

6. A woman lifts a 57-newton weight a distance of 40 cm each time she does a particular exercise. It takes her 0.60 seconds to lift the weight. How much power does she supply for lifting the weight one time?

A. 24 WB. 34 WC. 38 WD. 95 W

7. If a 4500 kg car is traveling westward with an acceleration of 35.2 m/s2, what is the force acting on it?

8. I am a roller skater with a mass of 72kg. If I run into a wall with a force of 266.4N what is my acceleration?

9. A dock worker needs to stop a box of goods that is rolling across a manual conveyer belt at an acceleration of .75 m/s2. If he has to apply a force of 6.26 N to stop the box, what is the mass of the box?

10. How much force must be applied to move a 55kg ice skater to an acceleration of 12.5m/s2?

11. A cyclist moves at a constant speed of 5 m/s. If the cyclist does not accelerate during the next 20 seconds, he will travel –

A. 0 mB. 4 mC. 50 mD. 100 m

12. Starting from rest at the center of a skating rink, two skaters push off from each other over a time period of 1.2 seconds. What is the force of the push by the smaller skater?

A. 100 NB. 32 NC. 88 ND 16 N

13. The 500 g cart is moving in a straight line at a constant speed of 2 m/s. Which of the following must the 250 g toy car have in order to maintain the same momentum as the cart?

A. An acceleration of 5 m/s2 for 2 seconds

B. A potential energy of 20 J

C. A constant velocity of 4 m/s

D. An applied force of 5 N for 5 seconds

14. The diagram represents helium gas expanding to fill a larger container. What is the ration of the helium gas’s density at the final volume to its density at the initial volume?

A. 1:1

B. 4:1

C. 1:8

D. 1:50

Lab Safety, scientific method, precision accuracy

True or False

  1. ____You may eat, drink, or chew gum when doing lab experiments.
  2. ____ It’s not important to read through the entire lab procedures before beginning your lab experiment.
  3. ____ It is not OK to touch your face and body when working in the lab
  4. ____ It’s cool to use one hand to hold your pants and the other one to perform the experiment
  5. ____ Whenever there is a liquid spill on the floor, tell your teacher
  6. ____ Whenever you’re not sure of what to do, ask the teacher
  7. ____ It’s OK to touch lab equipment without your teacher’s authorization.
  8. ____ Loose fitting clothes and free flowing long hair are acceptable when working in the lab
  9. ____ Adding acid into water is the correct way to dilute a strong acid.
  10. ____ The most suitable container to measure about 7 mL of a liquid is a graduated cylinder with a maximum capacity of 50 mL
  11. ____ The most suitable container to measure about 7 mL of a liquid is a graduated cylinder with a maximum capacity of 10 mL

12. What volume is indicated on the graduated cylinder below?

  1. 5.1 mL
  2. 5.2 mL
  3. 5.3 mL
  4. 5.4 mL

13. What mass is shown on the scale? (Be as accurate as possible)

  1. 205 g
  2. 200.55 g
  3. 200.5 g
  4. 200 g

14. What temperature is shown on the thermometer shown below?

  1. -10.3
  2. -11
  3. -12
  4. -11.5

15. Which piece of lab equipment would be more precise to measure out 5 mL of peroxide?

  1. Pipette
  2. Dropper
  3. Erlenmeyer flask
  4. Beaker

16.

Name: ______

Use:______

17.

Name: ______

Use:______

18.

Name: ______

Use:______

19.

Name: ______

Use:______

mass in an object B. grinds up solids to a fine powder

20. The first step in the scientific method is usually ______.

a.Form a conclusion

b.State the problem

c.Gather information

d.Collect data

21. The variable that the experimenter changes is the ______.

  1. Dependent variable
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Independent variable
  4. Control

22. ______are factors that are kept the same throughout an experiment.

  1. Dependent variables
  2. Hypotheses
  3. Independent variables
  4. Constants

Jenny and Alex were bored one Sunday and decided to do an experiment. They made 10 different paper airplanes out of different kinds of paper. Each airplane had the same design. Then they threw each airplane off the roof of their house and measured how far it flew.

23. What question were Jenny and Alex trying to answer?

24. What was the independent variable in this experiment?

25. What was the dependent variable in this experiment?

26. What were at least two constants in this experiment?

A study was set up to try and determine how class size might affect levels of teacher stress for eighty-five high school teachers.

27. The number of teachers is the ______in this scenario.

  1. Dependent variable
  2. Independent variable
  3. Constant
  4. Control

28. The class size is the ______in this scenario.

  1. Dependent variable
  2. Independent variable
  3. Constant
  4. Control

29. The stress level is the ______in this scenario.

  1. Dependent variable
  2. Independent variable
  3. Constant
  4. Control

30. Scientists test hypothesis by ______.

  1. Formulating questions
  2. Designing models
  3. Doing experiments
  4. Drawing conclusions

31. When constructing a graph of data collected in an experiment, the independent variable is always placed on the ______axis.

  1. X
  2. Y
  3. Z
  4. None of the above

32. When constructing a graph of data collected in an experiment, the dependent variable is always placed on the ______axis.

  1. X
  2. Y
  3. Z
  4. None of the above

33. A possible answer or explanation to the problem is the ______.

  1. Dependent variable
  2. Hypothesis
  3. Independent variable
  4. Control

Ten seeds were planted in each of 5 pots found around the house that contained 500 g of “Peat’s Potting Soil.” The pots were given the following amounts of distilled water each day for 40 days: Pot 1 received 50 mL, Pot 2 received 100 mL, Pot 3 received 150 mL, Pot 4 received 200 mL, and Pot 5 received 250 mL. Pot 3 received the recommended amount of water so it was used as a control. The height of each plant was measured at the end of the experiment.

34. In the scenario the dependent variable is: ______

35. In the scenario the independent variable is: ______

36. In the scenario the constant is: ______

Reading Graphs, tables, and charts

1. The table below shows the distance traveled by a moving vehicle as time passes. Using the table, fill in the empty graph to the right by labeling each axis and plotting the points.

Time (seconds) / Distance (meters)
0 / 0
2 / 20
4 / 40
6 / 60
8 / 80
10 / 100
  1. What is the independent variable in the table and graph above?
  2. What is the dependent variable?
  3. Describe the graph above. What is it showing?

Directions: Look at the graphs of distance vs. time below and the descriptions of the graphs. Below each graph,write the letter of the description that matches that graph.

5. ______6. ______7. ______8. ______9. ______

  1. constant, increasing speed
  2. motionless
  3. speed increases over time, so it is accelerating
  4. constant speed, then a higher constant speed
  5. constant speed, then stopping, then a constant speed again

10. Which line in the graph to the right shows a greater speed?

Series/parallel circuits

11. Fill in the correct words in the sentence below, using the word bank:

A ______is a pathway for ______to flow through. It will include a ______(battery), a ______(wire) and one or more things that will use the ______from the battery to do work (light bulb).

Word bank: electricity, energy, circuit, conductor, voltage source

  1. Circle the words that correctly complete each sentence below:
  2. A (series/parallel) is one that has the resistors arranged in a chain, allowing the current to have (one/multiple) path(s).
  3. A (series/parallel) is one that has the resistors arranged with two or more branches, allowing the current to have (one/multiple) path(s).
  1. Identify the following circuits as being series, parallel, or both:

A. ______B. ______C. ______

Parts of a circuit

  1. Label each part of the following circuit using the word bank, and complete the circuit:

Word bank: battery, ammeter, voltmeter, switch, wire

Calculations for current

  1. A lamp has a resistance (R) of 7 ohms and a current (I) of 40 amps. What is the voltage (V)?
  1. What is the current (I) running through a wire that has 40 ohms of resistance (R) and a voltage of 4 volts?
  1. What is the resistance (R) of a resistor that has 200 amps flowing across it and a voltage (V) of 20 volts?

Waves

  1. Please identify the area that the arrows are pointing to in the diagram below:

2. A wave travelling on a string has a wavelength of 0.10 m and a frequency of 7 Hz. Calculate the speed of the wave.

3. A sound wave travelling in water at 1440 m/s, and has a wavelength of 0.5 m. Determine the frequency of the wave.

4. An electromagnetic wave moving through free space at 3 m/s has a frequency of 4.62 Hz. Find the wavelength of this wave.

5. A water wave is moving across the surface of a lake in an easterly direction. The wave has a wavelength of 2 m and a frequency of 2.5 Hz. What is the velocity of the wave?

6. A sound wave is moving through air. The wave has a wavelength of 0.65 m and a frequency of 512 Hz. What is the velocity?

7. A light wave moving due east through the air at 3 m/s has a frequency of 5.55 Hz. What is the wavelength?

8. ______is a wave property where waves bounce off of an object that they strike.

9. ______is a wave property where waves will travel around a barrier.

10. ______is a wave property where waves change direction when entering a new medium due to a change in speed.

11. What is the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave? ______

______

Renewable/ Nonrenewable Resources

1. List the types of fossil fuels: A. ______

B. ______

C. ______

2. List 2 uses for each type of fossil fuel.

3. What are some disadvantange of using fossil fuels?

4. Acid rain is due to the burning of ______fuels.

5. Describe the greenhouse gas effect: ______

6. List the renewable energy resources:______

7. What are some advantages of using renewable resources: ______

8. An increase in greenhouse gases is considered harmful because it allows more to be trapped in the .

9. Which of these is an advantage of producing electricity using coal-fired power plants?

A. Solar power plants can operate for about 10 hours per day.

B. Solar power plants can produce variable amounts of energy.

C. Solar power plants produce fewer pollutants.

10. Which of these devices uses the sun's energy directly?

A Windmill

B. Hydroelectric dam

C. Nuclear power plant

D. Photovoltaic cell

Heat Transfer

1. The graph shows the yearly cost of heating a home in the northeastern part of the UnitedStates. A reasonable hypothesis based on these data is that if the insulation in the walls ismade thicker, then —

A. the yearly cost of heating the home goes down

B. the thickness of the ceiling insulation has no effect

C. the yearly cost of heating a home does not change

D. more heat will escape to the outside of the home

2. Convection is the transfer of energy by themotion of the heated articles in a fluid. According to this information, which statement best describes an example of convection?

A A shirt heated by an iron

B A puddle of rainwater heated by sunlight

C A dark-colored car heated by sunlight

D Warm air rising in the atmosphere

3. Which process is taking place in all three pictures?

A Conduction

B Boiling

C Radiation

D Insulation

4. The transfer of heat by the movement of air currents in Earth’s atmosphere is an example

of —

A conduction

B convection

C radiation

D fusion

5. In winter the air just above the top bunk of a bunk bed is warmer than the air just above

the bottom bunk because warm air rises. Which of the following describes the method of

heating that causes this difference in temperature?

A Radiation from the room

B Heat transfer through the walls

C Convection currents in the room

D Heat conduction through the bed

6. Which of these is the best example of heat transfer by radiation?

A A satellite is warmed by sunlight.

B Butter melts on warm bread.

C A ceiling fan cools a warm room.

D Puddles of water cool a warm tile floor.