1997 Western Invitational TournamentThe Lyceum
Questions by The Lyceum, edited by David Levinson
Tossups
Category: History/Other, 1000-1950
Tossup: 1. The founding of the Franciscan order; HannibalÕs plan to cross the Alps on elephants; the sewing machine; Cartesian geometry; the Bohr model of the atom; CaesarÕs decision to cross the Rubicon; the structure of benzene; and ConstantineÕs conversion to Christianity. All of these decisions and ideas were supposedly motivated by subconscious factors. For 10 points, name these oneiromantic (Oh-Nye-Ra-Man-Tic) episodes which occur during sleep.
Answer:dreams
Category: Science/Tech/Engg
Tossup: 2. It is used to sterilize wine casks and is added to wine to kill wild yeast without harming the good yeast that induce fermentation. A minor, but interesting, use is to stabilize pulp brightness after peroxide bleaching. The most important use, however, is as a captive intermediate in the production of sulfuric acid. For 10 points, name this pungent, colorless gas prominent on Venus.
Answer:sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Category: History/North America, 1000-1950
Tossup: 3. Early in the American Revolution, Washington sought to dislodge the British from Boston, but needed artillery. Once they had been obtained, the mere sight of Henry Knox dragging the cannon from this captured fortress caused the British to evacuate. The dirty work fell to Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen who had launched a surprise attack on this fort and captured its cannon. For 10 points, name this fort, victim of the Green Mountain Boys.
Answer:Fort Ticonderoga
Category: Fine Arts/Literature, World
Tossup: 4.Set on Kurukshetra field, it is a justification of the absolute knowledge of the gods and the rightness and piety of following their orders even when that means slaying ones kinsmen. This is the situation faced by the Pandavas, and Arjuna in particular, who had to be counseled by Krishna to actually give battle. For 10 points, name this portion of the Mahabharata.
Answer:Bhagavad Gita (Song of the Lord)
Category: Science/Physics/Astronomy
Tossup: 5. It has no visible craters, since the annual accumulation of a millimeter of hydrogen disulfide and sulfur dioxide snow is enough to cover all of them. That snow is the condensation of material ejected from hot spots like Loki and volcanoes like Mount Pele. For 10 points, name this Galilean moon powered by the perturbation of JupiterÕs tidal forces by Ganymede and Europa.
Answer:Io
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci/Soc, Anthro, Arch, Cul
Tossup: 6. The player accustomed to chess will be disturbed: only one bishop and rook--no queen at all--and as he as he loses pieces, they are placed on the board by his opponent to fight against him. The rest of his pieces are the clumsy spears, knights, pawns, and gold and silver generals. For 10 points, what national chess variant has our novice sat down to play?
Answer:Shogi (or Japanese Chess)
Category: Science/Earth Science
Tossup: 7. Beginning about 1400, Vikings abandoned their homesteads in Greenland, the timberline moved down, the production of icebergs increased, and glaciers began creeping down mountainsides. In all, temperatures dropped 2 to 3 degrees Fahrenheit and only recovered around 1900. For 10 points, what diminutive name is given to this period of relative world coldness?
Answer:Little Ice Age
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci/Econ/Business
Tossup: 8. Under a tariff, this quantity is reduced in four ways. Deadweight losses are accrued through the purchase of inferior substitute goods and the use of imperfect substitute resources to produce them. Part is transferred to the government, and part to the producers. For 10 points, what is this quantity, measured in dollars, which gives the amount in excess of the price which people are willing to pay?
Answer:consumer surplus
Category: Science/Math/CS
Tossup:9. If you cross the offspring of two parents with a third, the probable result is not the same as if you crossed offspring of the second and third with the first. This is similar to algebraic structures such as the octonians in which multiplication depends upon the order in which itÕs done. For 10 points, what name is given to the operators for which a times b [pause] times c equals a times [pause] b times c?
Answer:associativity (accept nonassociativity until ÒequalsÓ)
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci/Religion/Myth
Tossup: 10. Under Gregory the Great he organized the synod in Saxony which reformed the church and condemned Henry IVÕs antipope, Guibert. He continued the fight against lay investiture after his election to the Papacy in 1088, but also found time to call the Council of Clermont which sought to reunify the Catholic church and recover the Holy Sepulcher. For 10 points, name this pope who called for the First Crusade.
Answer:Pope Urban II (Odo of Lagery)
Category: Fine Arts/Film/Theater
Tossup: 11. It is present for the first use of tools by man, present for the first serious lunar excavation, and present for the first human to travel beyond the infinite. Its messages were broadcast via Jupiter, which provided the motivation for the launch of the Discovery. For 10 points, name this object, codenamed TMA-1, whose spatial dimensions were 1 by 4 by 9 and which was featured prominently in 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Answer:the black monolith (accept TMA-1 before ÒcodenamedÓ)
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci/Geog/Demo
Tossup: 12. When Alexander the Great marched into India he followed this riverÕs valley across the Hindu Kush, including the spectacular Tange Gharu gorge just east of its namesake city. It rises in the Bactrian highlands, flows eastward into Pakistan, and merges with the Indus. For 10 points, name this traditional path of Asian conquest named for the ancient and modern capital of Afghanistan.
Answer:Kabul River
Category: Pop Culture
Tossup: 13. Landers attempt to kidnap humanoids from the planetÕs surface and transform them into mutants. You must destroy the landers and then catch the humanoids as they fall to the surface to prevent them from being killed. You pilot a ship that is equipped with a laser, smart bombs, and unlimited hyperspace. For 10 points, this is the setting of what classic Bally video game?
Answer:Defender
Category: History/before 1000
Tossup: 14. Their artwork originated the double-headed eagle later adopted by Russia and Austria, [pause] and their pointed shoes with upturned toes are still seen today as ceremonial dress in Turkey. With Egypt they dominated the Middle East scene from 1500-1200 BCE during which they sacked Babylon, fought Egypt to a draw in the battle of Kadesh, and conquered Asia Minor. For 10 points, name these people whose capital was at Hattusas.
Answer:Hittites (wrong: Hatti)
Category: Fine Arts/Music
Tossup: 15. After fleeing her job in a cigarette factory and joining a band of smugglers, she is forced to choose between a soldier who helped her escape the law and a famous bullfighter named Escamillo. She chooses the bullfighter and, enraged, the soldier stabs her in Seville. For 10 points, who is this Bizet heroine who Òplayed with fire?Ó
Answer:Carmen
Category: Science/Chemistry
Tossup: 16. The difference in reservoir temperatures divided by the temperature of the hot reservoir gives the efficiency of engines based on this principle and, through the Second Law of Thermodynamics, caps the efficiency of any cyclical engine. It consists of two isotherms and two adiabats and was first described by a French engineer. For 10 points, name this fundamental cycle of thermodynamics.
Answer:Carnot Cycle
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci/Psych/Ling/Cog
Tossup: 17. It was the subject of FreudÕs 1884 ÒSong of PraiseÓ and he continued to endorse it until 1887 when he discontinued all personal and professional use on the heels of his friend ObersteinerÕs research and the public articles of Dr. Erlenmeyer, an expert on morphine addiction. For 10 points, name this alkaloid, the essential ingredient of coca leaves.
Answer:cocaine
Category: Fine Arts/Literature, American
Tossup: 18. This is a novel somewhat in the telegraphic schizophrenic manner of tales of the planet Tralfamadore where the flying saucers come from. It follows the mental wanderings of a soldier captured behind enemy lines in World War II who eventually observes the firebombing of Dresden. For 10 points, name this 1969 novel about Billy Pilgrim, written by Kurt Vonnegut.
Answer:Slaughterhouse Five: The ChildrenÕs Crusade (A Duty Dance with Death)
Category: History/World, 1000-1950
Tossup: 19. Ho Chi Minh tried to enlist President WilsonÕs aid against colonial France. Chinese delegates tried to end Japanese occupation of the Shantung peninsula. Generals Havenga and Reitz came to request South African independence under the Fourteen Points. The most important issue, however, was none of these, but the final settlement of the First World War. For 10 points, name this 1919 conference.
Answer:Conference of Versailles
Category: Fine Arts/Art/Architecture
Tossup: 20. His famous works include a depiction of three men swearing to defend a bridge in order to protect Rome, Socrates speaking to his friends before consuming an offered cup of hemlock, a dragon observing the Tennis Court Oath through a window, and a famous leader of the Revolution murdered in his bath. For 10 points, name this neoclassicist painter of The Oath of the Horatii and The Death of Marat.
Answer:Jacques-Louis David
Category: History/World, 1950-
Tossup: 21. Popularly known as Òel pulpo,Ó or Òthe octopus,Ó it was infamous for promoting the revolt that unseated President Guzman of Guatemala. In return for tax exemption, it would clear and develop forested land, at first growing bananas, but expanding into quinine, natural oils, and tropical woods. For 10 points, name this U.S. food company begun by Minor C. Keith and usually known by the acronym UFC.
Answer:United Fruit Company (accept UFC before ÒacronymÓ)
Category: History/Gov/PoliSci/Law
Tossup: 22. The notion originated with Roman tribunes who could forbid any law they deemed unfair to the plebeians by merely saying ÒI forbid itÓ in Latin. It was codified in Article I, Section 7 of the U.S. Constitution in two forms, allowing the President ten days to sign a bill or return it for further deliberation. For 10 points, by what Latin word do we know this process by which the executive can reject legislation?
Answer:veto (accept Roman pronunciation, [WEH-to])
Category: Hum. & Soc. Sci./Philosophy
Tossup: 23. He summarized the human condition by noting that freedom entailed total responsibility, in the face of which, men experience anguish, forlornness and despair. This message came in both his ÒExistentialism as a HumanismÓ lecture and his masterpiece which dichotomized existence into being and being-for-itself. For 10 points, name this thinker whose masterpiece was 1943Õs Being and Nothingness.
Answer:Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)
Category: Science/Biology
Tossup: 24. It first became well known in 1897 during the championship boxing match between James Corbett and Robert Fitzsimmons. It is part of the autonomic nervous system and controls the internal organs of the abdomen. For 10 points, name this network of nerves between the navel and the breastbone which, if punched, can knock anyone out.
Answer:solar plexus
Category: Fine Arts/English Literature
Tossup: 25. He cannot rest from travel and yearns to drink life to the lees; ÒHow dull it is to pause,Ó he cries, Òto rust unburnished, not to shine in use.Ó He has been home three years, meting and doling unequal laws unto a savage race while matched with an aged wife. For 10 points, name this Alfred, Lord Tennyson hero who sets out Òto strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.Ó
Answer:Ulysses (prompt on Odysseus until ÒAlfredÓ)
Bonuses
Category: Fine Arts/English literature
Bonus: 1. For 5 points for the play and 10 points for the Òplay within a play,Ó name these four Shakespearean dramas.
1. (10/5) A prince uses the performance of a travelling group of players to Òprick the conscience of the king.Ó
Answer:The Murder of Gonzago in The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
2. (10/5) Several members of the Athenian lower class meet to perform a classical tragedy which is to be witnessed by King Theseus.
Answer: Pyramus and Thisby in A Midsummer NightÕs Dream
Category: Science/Biology
Bonus: 2. Given each of the following biologically significant molecules, identify the element that is at the center of the porphyrin ring for 10 points each.
1. (10) ChlorophyllAnswer:Magnesium
2. (10) Vitamin B12Answer:Cobalt
3. (10) HemoglobinAnswer:Iron
Category: Humanities/Relig/Myth
Bonus: 3. A common theme of Scandinavian mythology is that powerful heroes and villains slay each other. Identify these villains.
1. (20) This trickster god and one of his offspring struggle mightily with Hejmdall and Thor at Armageddon. Both die alongside their foes. Name both.
answer:Loki and the Midgard Serpent
2. (10) In TolkienÕs Middle Earth these fire demons inspired by Icelandic legend always took their killers with them. Those heroes included Ecthelion, Feanor, and Gandalf the Grey.
answer:Balrogs (Valarauko)
Category: History/World before 1000 CE
Bonus: 4. Identify the following battles where members of the various triumvirates of Rome lost power.
1. (10) Crassus was executed by the Parthians following his loss in this battle.
answer:Carrhae
2. (10) Pompey fled to Egypt and was executed following his loss in this battle.
answer:Pharsalus
3. (10) Mark Antony committed suicide in Egypt following his loss in this naval battle.
answer:Actium
Category: Fine Arts/Literature, non-English
Bonus: 5. Identify these novels which begin on trains.
1. (10) The first scene is three men travelling to Moscow. One has just inherited a fortune, one is a recovering epileptic who will inherit even more money, and the third is a toadying bureaucrat.
Answer:The Idiot: A Novel in Four Parts (Idiot: roman v chetyrekh chastiakh)
2. (10) The newly-orphaned Jim first hears of the title character while travelling to Nebraska to live with his grandparents.
Answer:My Antonia
3. (10) The novel opens in the Swiss Alps where Hans Kastorp is going by train to visit his tubercular brother at a sanitarium.
Answer:The Magic Mountain(Der Zauberberg)
Category: Science/Chemistry
Bonus: 6. Identify the following famous scientists associated with benzene.
1. (10) This scientist was the first to discover an inflammable gas extractable from crude oil. It would later be known as benzene.
Answer:Michael Faraday
2. (10) This German chemist proposed a hexagonal ring structure with alternating double and single bonds for benzene. This idea was called Òthe most brilliant piece of scientific production to be found in the whole of Organic ChemistryÓ by the London Chemical Society.
Answer:(Friedrich) August Kekulé (von Stradonitz)
3. (10) This American scientist was the first to propose hybridism, suggesting that the structure was a combination of both possible Kekulé rings.
Answer:Linus Carl Pauling
Category: History/European, 1000-1950
Bonus: 7. Given the session of English parliament, identify the king under which it sat for ten points apiece.
1. (10) the Mad ParliamentAnswer:Henry III Plantagenet
2. (10) the Model ParliamentAnswer:Edward I Plantagenet
3. (10) the Long ParliamentAnswer:Charles I Stuart
Category: Science/Tech & Engg
Bonus: 8. Given each of the following achievements of engineering, identify the chief engineer at the time of completion.
1. (10) The Panama CanalAnswer:George Washington Goethals
2. (10) The Great Pyramid of GizehAnswer:Imhotep
3. (10) St. PeterÕs Basilica in RomeAnswer:Michelangelo Buonarotti (accept Buonarotti)
Category: History/Government
Bonus: 9. Answer the following questions about two men involved in a 1987-1988 Supreme Court case concerning the First Amendment.
1. (20) One was a prominent religious and social leader depicted as a drunkard engaging in sexual acts with his mother in an outhouse in a cartoon published in the magazine owned by the other. Name these two men.
Answer:Jerry Falwell and Larry Flynt
2. (10) This two-word phrase denotes false statements made with knowledge of the falsity or with reckless disregard for the truth. Unless a publication contains this--and the Hustler cartoon did not--public figures cannot sue for redress. This doctrine was cited in Hustler Magazine v. Falwell.
Answer:actual malice
Category: Fine Arts/Art
Bonus: 10. Identify the artist from descriptions of his works; 30-20-10.
1. (30) A white apartment with a sitting area barely visible on the left has its front door open. Outside, the ocean comes right up to the door itself.
2. (20) A young lady stands near a red curtain in a New York movie theater, apparently waiting for a date that has stood her up.
3. (10) Two men and a woman, looking dejected, sit at a counter in a corner coffee store while a young man clad in white serves them.
Answer:Edward Hopper