150th Anniversary of War Between Americans, 1861-1865:
God's Righteous Judgment upon both North and South
for National Sin of Unbiblical AmericanSlavery - Parts 11(a)(b)(c)
Secession Conventions pass Ordinances of Secession in Mississippi (January 9, 1861),
Florida (January 10, 1861), and Alabama (January 11, 1861)
Part 11(a) - Mississippi Secession Convention, meeting in Jackson, overwhelmingly
passed Ordinance of Secession - January 9, 1861
- Mississippi issues "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and
Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union” –
SLAVERY, SLAVERY, SLAVERY, SLAVERY !!!!
Part 11(b) - Florida Secession Convention, meeting in Tallahassee, voted 62 - 7 to pass
Ordinance of Secession - January 10, 1861
- In Tallahassee, the formal Ordinance of Secession is signed on the capitol steps
and Florida secedes - January 11, 1861
Part 11(c) - Alabama Secession Convention, meeting in Montgomery, voted 61 - 39 to pass
Ordinance of Secession - January 11, 1861
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Mississippi Declaration of the Immediate Causes for Secession
"A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union"
The Mississippi "Declaration of the Immediate Causes for Secession" lists the words slavery, slaves, slave, property, negro, free State, abolition, emancipation, the institution,our institution,
our social systemor this institutiona total of 18 times.
Excerpts:
[ emphasis added ]
"In the momentous step, which our State has taken of dissolving its connection with the government
of which we so long formed a part, it is but just that we should declare the prominent reasons which have induced our course."
"Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery - the greatest material interest of the world."
" ... a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization.That blow has been long aimed
at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation.There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin."
"That we do not overstate the dangers to our institution, a reference to a few facts will sufficiently prove."
"The hostility to this institution ... "
"It has grown until it denies the right of property in slaves, ... "
"It refuses the admission of new slave States into the Union, and seeks to extinguish it by confining it within its present limits, denying the power of expansion."
"It has nullified the FugitiveSlaveLaw in almost every free State in the Union, ... "
"It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst."
"It has made combinations and formed associations to carry out its schemes of emancipation
in the States and wherever else slavery exists."
"It seeks not to elevate or to support the slave, but to destroy his present condition without providing a better."
"It has given indubitable evidence of its design to ruin our agriculture, to prostrate our industrial pursuits and to destroy our social system."
"Utter subjugation awaits us in the Union, if we should consent longer to remain in it. It is not a matter
of choice, but of necessity. We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions of money, or we must secede from the Union framed by our fathers, to secure this as well as every other species of property."
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Resources: 1) Mississippi's Secession Convention assembles in Jackson, the state capital - January 7, 1861 –
2) Mississippi's Secession Convention appoints a committee to draw up an ordinance of secession - January 8, 1861 –
3) Mississippi secedes from the Union - January 9, 1861 -
4) States Which Seceded -
5) A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from
the Federal Union -
6) Mississippi in the American Civil War -
7) In Tallahassee, the Florida secession convention votes by 62-7 to leave the United States - January 10, 1861 –
8) In Tallahassee, the formal Ordinance of Secession is signed on the capitol steps and Florida secedes - January 11, 1861 –
9) Alabama secedes from the Union - January 11, 1861 -
10) Mississippi Declaration of [ the Immediate Causes for ] Secession -
"A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from
the Federal Union"
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Why Did the Confederate States Secede?
Between December 1860 and March 1861, seven states in the Deep South left the Union. After the southern attack on Fort Sumter, a union installation in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, in April 1861, another four states seceded.
Why did they these states decided to withdraw from the United States? Was it over slavery? Over states rights? Or was it for some other reason?
The easiest way to answer this question is to look at the arguments that the Confederate states advanced. Read the proclamations from the southern states in the header above and then describe
why the Confederate states seceded.
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A political cartoon from 1861 shows Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana as men riding donkeys, following South Carolina's lead toward a cliff.
Florida, immediately behind South Carolina, cries, "Go it Carolina! We are the boys to "wreck" the Union."
CREDIT: "THE 'SECESSION MOVEMENT'." Currier & Ives 1861. Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.
1861 Political Cartoon:
The "Secession Movement".
Documents
South Carolina
Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina From the Federal Union (December 24, 1860)
Georgia
Declaration of the Causes of Secession, Georgia (January 29, 1861)
Mississippi
A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from theFederal Union
Texas
A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union (February 2, 1861)
Timeline of Secession
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Part 11(a) - Mississippi Secession Convention, meeting in Jackson, overwhelmingly
passed Ordinance of Secession - January 9, 1861
- Mississippi issues "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and
Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union” –
SLAVERY, SLAVERY, SLAVERY, SLAVERY !!!!
1. Mississippi Ordinance of Secession
2. Mississippi Declaration of the Immediate Causes for Secession
"A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify
the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union"
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1. Mississippi Ordinance Of Secession
Mississippi
AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and other States
united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America."
The people of the State of Mississippi, in convention assembled, do ordain and declare,
and it is hereby ordained and declared, as follows, to wit:
Section 1. That all the laws and ordinances by which the said State of Mississippi became
a member of the Federal Union of the United States of America be, and the same are hereby,
repealed, and that all obligations on the part of the said State or the people thereof to observe
the same be withdrawn, and that the said State doth hereby resume all the rights, functions,
and powers which by any of said laws or ordinances were conveyed to the Government of the
said United States, and is absolved from all the obligations, restraints, and duties incurred to
the said Federal Union, and shall from henceforth be a free, sovereign, and independent State.
Section 2. That so much of the first section of the seventh article of the constitution of this State
as requires members of the Legislature and all officers, executive and judicial, to take an oath or
affirmation to support the Constitution of the United States be, and the same is hereby, abrogated
and annulled.
Section 3. That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States,
or under any act of Congress passed, or treaty made, in pursuance thereof, or under any law
of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in force and have the same
effect as if this ordinance had not been passed.
Section 4. That the people of the State of Mississippi hereby consent to form a federal union
with such of the States as may have seceded or may secede from the Union of the United States
of America, upon the basis of the present Constitution of the said United States, except such parts
thereof as embrace other portions than such seceding States.
Thus ordained and declared in convention the 9th day of January, in the year of our Lord 1861.
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2. Mississippi Declaration of the Immediate Causes for Secession
"A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify
the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union"
In the momentous step, which our State has taken of dissolving its connection with the government of which we so long formed a part, it is but just that we should declare the prominent reasons which have induced our course.
Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery - the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product, which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization.That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation.There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin.
That we do not overstate the dangers to our institution, a reference to a few facts will sufficiently prove.
The hostility to this institution commenced before the adoption of the Constitution, and was manifested
in the well-known Ordinance of 1787, in regard to the Northwestern Territory.
The feeling increased, until, in 1819-20, it deprived the South of more than half the vast territory acquired from France.
[ CCL: This is referring to the outcome of the Missouri Compromise (1820) ]
The same hostility dismembered Texas and seized upon all the territory acquired from Mexico.
[ CCL: This is referring to the outcome of the Compromise of 1850]
It has grown until it denies the right of property in slaves, and refuses protection to that right
on the high seas, in the Territories, and wherever the government of the United States had jurisdiction.
It refuses the admission of new slave States into the Union, and seeks to extinguish it by confining it within its present limits, denying the power of expansion.
It tramples the original equality of the South under foot.
It has nullified the FugitiveSlaveLaw in almost every free State in the Union, and has utterly broken the compact, which our fathers pledged their faith to maintain.
It advocates negro equality, socially and politically, and promotes insurrection and incendiarism in our midst.
It has enlisted its press,its pulpit and its schools against us, until the whole popular mind of
the North is excited and inflamed with prejudice.
It has made combinations and formed associations to carry out its schemes of emancipation in the States and wherever else slavery exists.
It seeks not to elevate or to support the slave, but to destroy his present condition without providing a better.
It has invaded a State, and invested with the honors of martyrdom the wretch whose purpose was to apply flames to our dwellings, and the weapons of destruction to our lives.
It has broken every compact into which it has entered for our security.
It has given indubitable evidence of its design to ruin our agriculture, to prostrate our industrial pursuits and to destroy our social system.
It knows no relenting or hesitation in its purposes; it stops not in its march of aggression, and leaves us no room to hope for cessation or for pause.
It has recently obtained control of the Government, by the prosecution of its unhallowed schemes, and destroyed the last expectation of living together in friendship and brotherhood.
Utter subjugation awaits us in the Union, if we should consent longer to remain in it. It is not a matter of choice, but of necessity. We must either submit to degradation, and to the loss of property worth four billions of money, or we must secede from the Union framed by our fathers, to secure this as well as every other species of property. For far less cause than this, our fathers separated from the Crown of England.
Our decision is made. We follow their footsteps. We embrace the alternative of separation; and for the reasons here stated, we resolve to maintain our rights with the full consciousness of the justice of our course, and the undoubting belief of our ability to maintain it.
[ END ]
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Part 11(b) - Florida Secession Convention, meeting in Tallahassee, voted 62 - 7 to pass
Ordinance of Secession - January 10, 1861
- In Tallahassee, the formal Ordinance of Secession is signed on the capitol steps
and Florida secedes - January 11, 1861
Florida Ordinance Of Secession
Florida
Ordinance of Secession
We, the people of the State of Florida, in convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish, and declare,
That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the confederacy of States existing under the name
of the United States of America and from the existing Government of the said States; and that all political
connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be, and the same is hereby, totally annulled, and said Union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a sovereign and independent nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted, in so far as they create or recognize said Union, are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union, be, and they are hereby, repealed.
Passed 10 Jan 1861
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Part 11(c) - Alabama Secession Convention, meeting in Montgomery, voted 61 - 39 to pass
Ordinance of Secession - January 11, 1861
Alabama
[ emphasis added ]
AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Alabama and the other States
united under the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America"
Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of president and vice-president
of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and
to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions
of the constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security, therefore:
Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State.
Section 2. Be it further declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are hereby withdrawn from
said Government, and are hereby resumed and vested in the people of the State of Alabama. And as
it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States,
Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the 4th day of February, A.D., 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security.
And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention, be and is hereby instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions.
Done by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, at Montgomery, on this, the eleventh day of January, A.D. 1861.
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A SUMMARY OF THE STATES THAT SECEDED FROM THE UNION
"On November 6, 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected the sixteenth President of the United States. His election to the presidency was the final blow to the South and led directly to the break up of the Union. Five months after his election, the North and South were engrossed in a bloody civil war. This was the culmination over thirty years of debate about the slavery and extension of slavery into new territories."
Ordinance of Secession
State Passed Referendum Vote
S. Carolina December 20, 1860.[1]
Mississippi January 9, 1861.[2]
Florida January 10, 1861.[3]
Alabama January 11, 1861.[4]
Georgia January 19, 1861.[5]
Louisiana January 26, 1861.[6]
Texas February 1, 1861.[7] February 23 46,153 - 14,747
Virginia April 17, 1861.[8] May 23 132,201 - 37,451
Arkansas May 6, 1861.[9]
Tennessee May 6, 1861.[10] June 8 104,471 - 47,183
N. Carolina May 20, 1861.[11]
Missouri October 31, 1861.[12]
Kentucky November 20, 1861.[13]
Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas also issued separate declarations of causes,
in which they explained their reasons for secession.
* American Civil War
* Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union