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Biol 251 Rosenzweig Chapters 1-4-5
Worth 1 point each
1. Which of the following is not an example of negative feedback?
a. Increased pressure in the aorta triggers a mechanism to lower blood pressure
b. A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels
c. During lactation a baby suckles so more milk is produced because a surge in prolactin secretion.
d. Increased blood sugar stimulates a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar.
2. The function of basement membranes are-
a. Provide a blood supply to epithelial tissue
b. House the reproducing cells of epithelium tissue
c. Anchor epithelial tissues onto underlying connective tissue
d. Secrete a matrix
3. This membrane is found lining the mouth, esophagus, and vagina.
a. endothelium
b. Serous
c. Mucous
d. Cutaneous
e. Mesothelium
4. Which is not an example of a positive feedback loop?
a. A neuron is stimulated so membrane channels allow sodium ions to enter the extracellular fluid. This causes more channels to open so more ions enter
b. Receptors notify the brain blood pressure has increased. Brain tells blood vessels to dilate, which lowers blood pressure
c. Hemorrhaging leads to a decrease in blood pressure, which leads to a decrease in flow in coronary arteries. This leads to a decreased contraction of the ventricles of the heart.
d. Labor contractions push the baby against the cervix. This triggers production of oxytocin which triggers stronger contractions.
Use the scenario and answer choices for questions for 5 and 6. If the bonus is double letters, bubble in both letters.
A break in a blood vessel occurs. Damaged cells release chemicals, which begins the process of blood clotting. As clotting gets under way, signals are sent from platelets to release more chemicals that accelerate the process. Eventually the wall is patched and bleeding is stopped.
a. positive feedback
b. damaged blood vessels
c. chemicals
d. brain
e. negative feedback
ab. Platelets
ac. bleeding
5. As blood clotting is underway, what type of feedback loop is occurring?
6. Where are the receptors located?
Use the scenario & answers for questions 7 and 8
The hypothalamus receives information from thermoreceptors that the body’s temperature has changed. A signal is sent to the blood vessel walls and sweat glands to bring about a change.
a. Both c and d
b. hypothalamus
c. blood vessel walls
d. sweat glands
e. thermoreceptors
7. What is the control center?
8. What is the effector?
9. Exocrine glands release secretions into interstitial fluid which enters blood.
a. This is true
b. This is false
10. Cardiac and smooth muscle have what similarity?
a. Both have intercalated discs
b. Both are striated
c. Both are involuntary
d. Both are voluntary
11. Mesenchymal cells produce all except-
a. Bone cells
b. Blood cells
c. Cartilage cells
d. Squamous cells
12. Dr. Ratard has an infection in his dermis. What cell would produce histamines to alert his immune system?
a. Macrophage
b. Mast cell
c. Plasma cell
d. Leukocyte
13. Which junction would allow a flow of ions through them so a muscle can contract in near unison?
a. Desmosome
b. Connexon
c. Hemidesmosome
d. Gap junction
e. Tight junction
14. The stomach can stop digestive juices from seeping between them and into underlying tissues because of-
a. Desmosome
b. Connexon
c. Hemidesmosome
d. Gap junction
e. Tight junction
15. Based on how secretion occurs, which gland would need to have a higher rate of mitosis occurring?
a. Mecocrine
b. Holocrine
c. Apocrine
d. Endocrine
16. All adult connective tissue arises from which specific embryonic connective tissue.
a. Mesenchyme
b. Mucous connective tissue
c. Mesoderm
d. Ectoderm
e. Endoderm
17. Place the following in the order a doctor would stitch a deep wound together on the calf from the deepest to the most superficial:
1. stratum lucidum 2. stratum corneum 3. stratus basale 4. stratum granulosum 5. dermis 6. stratum spinosum
a. 5, 3, 6, 4, 2.
b. 2, 4, 6, 3. 5
c. 4, 2, 1, 6, 5, 3.
d. 2, 1, 4, 6, 3, 5.
e. 5, 3, 6, 4, 1, 2.
18. In the body, which protein will be produced through a series of reactions that can stimulate epidermal development and repair and accelerates the production of keratin?
a. Calcitriol
b. Human growth hormone
c. Epidermal growth factor
d. Tyrosine
e. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
19. When a large wound/abrasion occurs, what temporarily restores the integrity of the epidermis so additional microorganisms can enter the area
a. Fibrin
b. Scab
c. Scar tissue
d. Granulation tissue
20. Place the steps in order to repair the integumentary system: 1) proliferation 2) inflammatory 3) migration 4) maturation
a. 2, 4, 1 3
b. 1, 3, 2, 4
c. 1, 2, 3, 4
d. 2, 3, 1, 4
e. 2, 1, 3, 4
21. If a wound is deep into the dermis, what cells must divide rapidly to provide a framework (collagen fibers) for epithelial cells to anchor onto?
a. Chondroblasts
b. Fibroblasts
c. Simple squamous
d. Areolar tissue
e. Reticulocytes
22. Form outer protective layer of skin; discourages bacteria from entering body and prevents water from escaping.
a. Keratinocytes
b. Melanocytes
c. Langerhans
d. Granstein cells
e. T cells
23. A shallow cut requires stitches. The doctor uses anesthetics to numb the pain; you can still feel the tugging while they are sewing. Which cell may have not been affected?
a. Merkel cell
b. Meissner corpuscle
c. Pacinian corpuscle
d. Free nerve endings
e. Ruffini’s corpuscle
24. Your red bone marrow is affected in blood production due to disease. Your epidermis has a minor abrasion but there is no response by the immune system due to the disease. What cell should have reacted
a. Merkel cells
b. Langerhans cells
c. Keratinocytes
d. Melanocytes
25. The odoriferous smell within the groin and armpit region can be associated with-
a. Apocrine glands
b. Eccrine glands
c. Sebaceous glands
d. Ceruminous glands
26. During epidermal microabrasion (face and chest) treatments, doctors remove dead skin cells. At which layer should they stop?
a. Stratum corneum
b. Stratum lucidum
c. Stratum basale
d. Stratum spinosum
e. Stratum granuolsum
27. Nutrients reach the epidermis by-
a. absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin.
b. utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis.
c. the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.
d. diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.
28. Skin must be exposed to limited amounts of sunlight to produce the most active form of vitamin D. This is-
a. Calcitriol
b. Phosphorus
c. Cholecalciferol
d. Calcium
29. In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect-
a. The ability to thermoregulate
b. The ability to grow hair
c. The ability to produce melanin
d. The ability to feel sensations
e. The ability to produce vitamin D
30. Which of the following epithelia most easily permits diffusion?
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Transitional
d. Simple columnar
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Biol 251 Rosenzweig Chapters 1-4-5
31. Strength in the skin comes primarily from this tissue-
a. Dense Irregular
b. Areolar
c. Keratinized stratified epithelium
d. Elastic connective tissue
e. Dense regular
32. The darker an individual’s skin color-
a. The more melanocytes they have in the skin
b. The more layers they have in the epidermis
c. The more active enzymes they produce that makes melanin
d. The more superficial the blood vessels are.
Matching 33-38 If the answer is 2 letters, bubble in both letters.
33. _____Melanin
34. _____Arrector Pili
35. _____Melanocytes
36. _____Albinism
37. _____Papillary region
38. _____Sebum
a. caused by an absence of melanin
b. cells that contain skin pigment
c. adipose layer
d. region that contains capillaries and meisnner corpuscles
e. can have a black, brown or yellow tint
ab. smooth muscle causing “goosebumps”
ac. lubricates the skin and hair, keeping it soft
Matching 39-41. If the answer is 2 letters, bubble in both letters.
39. Absorbs nutrients, secrets mucous
40. Forms serous membranes
41. Sends action potentials
a. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
b. Nervous tissue
c. Adipose
d. Simple squamous
e. Stratified squamous
Ab. Simple columnar
Ac. Areolar
42. Why does damaged cartilage heal so slowly?
a. Chondrocytes cannot be replaced if killed, and other cell types must take their place
b. So athletes will be unable to compete in sports
c. Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and other molecules must diffuse to the site of injury
d. Damaged collagen cannot be quickly replaced, thereby slowing the healing process
e. Damaged cartilage becomes calcified, thus blocking the movement of materials required for healing
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Biol 251 Rosenzweig Chapters 1-4-5
Choose 2 questions-each are worth 4 points.
You can use bullets and pictures but please use correct English.
Make sure to number the questions. If the questions says define, explain or describe make sure you do that.
Write your name on page 5, tear it off and turn it in separately from the test.
1. Define the term homeostasis. Identify the components of a typical feedback loop, and describe the role of each component.
2. Explain the functional and structural classification of glands
3. Describe the different types of cartilage and give a location and function of each.
4. Describe the 4 membranes in your body, not limited to but include what tissue they are made of and where they are found.
5. Osmometer cells in the brain sense and increase in the concentration of plasma. This information is sent to the hypothalamus, which notifies the pituitary gland to release the hormone, ADH. ADH causes the kidney to save water, which lowers the concentration of the plasma. Identify the elements of a feedback loop in this scenario. Is this a positive or a negative feedback loop? What is the receptor, control center and effector(s)? Explain your answer
6. If you sliced your ear, what tissues would be present in the order from the superficial tissue to the deepest tissue? Why would you feel pain when your ear is partly cartilage?
NAME______