1. VOLUME À Is the Amount of SPACE an Object/Liquid Occupies s1

F. Liquid Volume

1. VOLUME à is the amount of SPACE an object/liquid occupies

2. SI / metric unit of MEASUREMENT for liquid volume = LITER (L)

a. the basic SI unit for all VOLUME measurements = meter cubed (m3)

3. The “7 little BOXES” for LIQUID VOLUME:

1,000,000 mL 1,000 mL

100,000 cL 100 cL

10,000 dL 10 dL

1,000 L

100 daL 10,000 mL 100 mL

10 hL 1,000 cL 10 cL

100 dL

100,000 mL 10 L 10 mL

10,000 cL

1,000 dL

100 L 1 mL

10 daL (a “drop” of liquid)

4. The instrument used to measure liquid volume is the GRADUATED CYLINDER

a. graduated CYLINDERS are measured in “mL” units

5. MENISCUE à is the CURVED surface formed by liquids

a. The UPWARD curved MENISCUE ( ) is read at the LOW point of the

curve (e.g. water)

b. A DOWNWARD curved MENISCUE ( ) is read at the HIGH point of the

curve (e.g. mercury)

c. Water [H2O] Mercury [Hg]

adhesion – the FORCE that ATTRACTS cohesion – the FORCE that keeps particles

particles of DIFFERENT of the SAME substance together

substances to one another

(e.g.) SURFACE tension – a COHESIVE force of the

SURFACE particles being attracted INTO the

LIQUID making the surface of the water act

like a STRETCHED elastic sheet

d. Water [H2O] Molasses [C6H12NNaO3S]

viscosity – the RESISTANCE of a liquid high viscosity – SLOW flow of the liquid;

to FLOW THICK; often STICKY

Heating makes liquid LESS viscous COOLING makes liquid MORE viscous

(e.g.) water has LOW VISCOSITY (e.g.) molasses has HIGH VISCOSITY

6. To measure the VOLUME of an irregular-shaped, SOLID object:

a. Use a GRADUATED CYLINDER with water filled to a graduation marking that

would cover the completely SUBMERGED solid object in the GRADUATED

CYLINDER and take a reading. (e.g. 50 mL)

b. Place the solid object in the GRADUATED CYLINDER (sliding gently along

the edge of the graduated cylinder) and take a second READING of the RAISED

liquid due to the DISPLACEMENT of the water. (e.g. 58 mL)

c. SUBTRACT the 1st volume reading [WITHOUT the object] FROM the 2nd

reading [WITH the object] (e.g. 58 mL - 50 mL)

d. The DIFFERENCE (answer to a subtraction problem) is the VOLUME of the

DISPLACED water and the irregular-shaped, SOLID object (e.g. 8 mL)

e. Using the “LINK” for converting from a liquid VOLUME measurement to a

solid VOLUME [1 mL = 1 cm3], change the answer to solid VOLUME

(e.g.) 8 mL (liquid volume) = 8 cm3 (solid volume)

7. Going from a LARGE named unit to a SMALL unit, you MULTIPLY

8. Going from a SMALL named unit to a LARGE unit, you DIVIDE

9. Each HOOP is valued at “x 10” which can be used to determine the

number needed to MULTIPLY or DIVIDE by

(e.g.) 3 hL = 300 L

(e.g.) 172 mL = 17.2 cL

G. PREFIXES Beyond “mL”

1. Prefixes SMALLER than “mL”:

·  u = micro- è 10-6 = 0.000001 (1 millionth)

·  n = nano- è 10-9 = 0.000000001 (1 billionth)

·  p = pico- è 10-12 = 0.000000000001 (1 trillionth)

·  f = femto- è 10-15 = 0.000000000000001 (1 quadrillionth)

·  a = atto- è 10-18 = 0.000000000000000001 (1 quintillionth)

·  z = zepto- è 10-21 = 0.000000000000000000001 (1 sextillionth)

·  y = yocto- è 10-24 = 0.000000000000000000000001 (1 septillionth)

SMALLER Units à

100 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-15

H. PREFIXES Beyond “kL”

1. Prefixes LARGER than “kL”:

·  M = mega- è 106 = 1,000,000 (1 million)

·  G = giga- è 109 = 1,000,000,000 (1 billion)

·  T = tera- è 1012 = 1,000,000,000,000 (1 trillion)

·  P = peta- è 1015 = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (1 quadrillion)

·  E = exa- è 1018 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1 quintillion)

·  Z = zetta- è 1021 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1 sextillion)

·  Y = yotta- è 1024 = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

(1 septillion)

ß LARGER Units

1015 1012 109 106 103 100