ANSC 3261 / SAAS 261
FINAL EXAM
Dec 14, 2015NAME:______
SECTION A. Briefly define the following within the context of the dairy industry, noting that just “translating” abbreviations is only half the job! (2 pts @):
1)Reserpine (you were warned!)
2)FIL
3)Portal Vessels
4)DFS
5)STA
6)NM$
7)Parallel Parlor
8)Johne’s Disease
9)Prion
10) Sustainability
SECTION B. Indicate whether each of the following statements are true or false by circling either the T or F, respectively.
If you change your mind, please make your final choice obvious. (1 pt @)
TF 1)To avoid acidosis, rumen pH should not be more acidic than 6.0.
TF 2)The Class I "mover" is either the Class III or Class IV price, depending on which one is greater.
TF 3)Dairy cattle rations are based on available concentrates (grains), with roughages added to provide fiber.
TF 4)In ruminants, virtually all glucose circulating in blood is synthesized in the liver.
SECTION B (cont.)
TF 5)E. coli mastitis is fairly infrequent, but in contrast to most other infectious agents, can cause severe damage to the udder.
TF 6)Using an index to rank bulls is the most effective method for choosing sires that will result in the most concurrent improvement for multiple traits.
TF 7)DHIA has strongly dissuaded dairy operators from employing on-farm computers, claiming that their services are comprehensive and no on-farm computing is necessary.
TF 8)Feed costs are usually about 50% of the total cost of producing milk.
TF 9)Many cows are infected with BLV, but few show symptoms.
TF 10)The milk ejection reflex is mediated by vasopressin.
TF 11)Sawdust would be the ideal bedding material if it just wasn't so expensive.
TF 12)Bulls contribute only half the alleles but most of the improvement to the next generation.
TF 13)Milking cows in an average parlor is at least twice as efficient as milking in a tie-stall barn.
TF 14)Connecticut is one of only a few states that maintain a mastitis screening service for in-state dairy farms.
TF 15)Milk removed from the udder at the beginning of milking has less fat than that removed at the end.
TF 16)Protein hormones function through the "second messenger" system.
TF 17)Current federal dairy support systems no longer provide any direct payments to producers as was common in previous programs like MILC, but instead have developed an insurance program called the Margin Protection Program.
TF 18)Subclinical mastitis can be detected by using a strip cup.
TF 19)DHIA provides all US milk production data used to calculate genetic merit of dairy sires.
TF 20)Reducing calcium content of the prepartum cow's diet will reduce incidence of milk fever.
SECTION C. Answer the following on lined paper provided. (5 pts @ for 1 and 2; 10 pts @ for 3 and 4)
1.What’s the most important factor or concept in improving sustainability of animal agriculture practices? Briefly explain.
2.What is Greenfeed? What interesting data has it provided?
3.Describe the costs to the dairy industry associated with mastitis, indicating the value (percentage or $ amount) of each category. How much of the total represent real out-of-pocket expenses?
4.Diagram an immunoglobulin, including the components that interact with antigens and components that interact with complement. What is complement? How many types of immunoglobulins have been characterized? What is the predominate type in colostrum from cows? Identify the predominant type from two other species.
SECTION D. Fill in the blanks and/or indicate (circle or underline) the correct choice from options presented in [brackets] in the following statements. Please make sure you decisively indicate your answer and that circles or underlines are not ambiguous. BE SURE TO CHECK SECTION D HELP PAGE!! (1 pt @)
1.For many years, [strep agalactiae; staph aureus; e. coli] was the most common microbe causing mastitis, but it is fairly sensitive to ______and therefore can be eliminated from dairy operations. Now [strep agalactiae; staph aureus; e. coli] is the biggest problem in controlling mastitis.
2.______, the disaccharide in milk, is made of ______and ______.
3.Total US milk production in 2014 was ______lbs. The top five states produced approximately [40%; 50%; 75%]. The state with the most production, ______, overtook ______around [1980; 1990; 2000]. The newest member of the top five is ______.
4.Using ultrasound, researchers discovered that ovarian follicular activity occurs in ______. In heifers there are usually ______of these events during a cycle, whereas older cows, there are usually ______.
5.The two recommended practices that are most effective in controlling mastitis are ______and ______.
6.The most effective measure of fiber content of a dairy cow's ration is ______because ______and ______.
7.The characteristic pattern of daily milk production over a complete lactation is called the ______. This phenomenon is due to ______.
8.In the Linear Score system, ______is equal to ______cells/ml, considered to be on the edge of the "OK" range. Dairy professionals promote this system because an increase of 1 unit represents a decrease in milk production of ______lb(s) / day.
9.The [CCC; MILC; Herd Buyout Program] was originally enacted as part of the [Capper-Volstead Act; Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002; 1996 Farm Bill].
10.______, from the [corpus luteum, uterus, posterior pituitary] is the trigger event that causes [pregnancy, luteolysis, ovulation] in cows.
BONUS!!! In your opinion, what is the biggest problem facing the US dairy industry? Points awarded based on rationale of your argument. Use lined paper provided. (5 pts max)
Section D Help. Just so we're all on the same page with the fill-in-the-blanks stuff, I've prepared this list of possible-answer categories so you'll have some clue of what goes in the blank. They are presented by item # and order within item number. For "noun" you might be expected to provide an adjective or two along with the noun, for a response of 1-3 words max, while for "phrase" your answer should be a few more words. Other terms are self-explanatory. And don't forget to circle your choice in the multiple choice brackets!.
1. pick from bracket, noun, pick from bracket (for the items in #1, in that order)
2. noun, name of a simple sugar, name of another simple sugar
3. number (within 5%), pick from bracket, state, state, pick from bracket, state
4. noun, number, number
5. phrase, phrase
6. noun, phrase, phrase
7. noun, phrase
8. number, number, number
9. pick from bracket, pick from bracket
10. noun, pick from bracket, pick from bracket