Your Responsibility: 438-441, 447-452, 453-457, 483-484

Your Responsibility: 438-441, 447-452, 453-457, 483-484

ATMOSPHERE AS A RESOURCE

• Composition:

Nitrogen ( %), Oxygen ( %), Argon ( %), Carbon Dioxide ( %), Other Gasses

• Ecosystem Services:

TYPES AND SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

• Air Pollution = ______,______, or ______present in the atmosphere in high enough levels to harm ______other organisms or ______.

• Natural Pollution vs. Human-Induced Pollution (______)

-Natural:

-Human-Induced:

PRIMARY VS. SECONDARY AIR POLLUTANTS

Primary: Harmful chemicals that enter directly into the atmosphere

Ex)

Secondary: Harmful chemicals that form from other substances that have been released into the atmos.

Ex)

FOLDABLE: 7 Major Classes of Air Pollutants:

Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides, Carbon Oxides, Hydrocarbons, Ozone, Air Toxics

Effects of Air Pollution

…brainstorm various effects of air pollution by looking at the pictures on the screen…

QUESTION: Why is it that people who live and work in the country’s most polluted cities are 15-17% more likely to die prematurely that those living in US cities with the cleanest air?

ANSWER:

Chemical / Characteristics… / What Happens… / Health/Ecological Effects
Sulfur
Dioxides / ______Combustion
Travels ______/ SO2 reacts with H2O to form ______
Sulfates combine with nitrogen oxides & form ______/ Respiratory tract______
Decrease lungs ability to exchange ______
Airway ______
Leach nutrients from ______
Nitrogen Oxides / Burning of ______
Decrease in NOx due to use of ______/ Interact with sunlight and other molecules to produce ______/ ______among children
Airway ______
Acid ______
Atmospheric Haze ( ______)
Carbon
Dioxide / Burning of ______
______gas / CO binds irreversibly with ______in the blood eliminating its ability to transport ____ / Increased ______disease
Headaches, Fatigue, drowsiness & ______
Greatest risk to ______
Ecosystem Problems:
Ozone
VOC’s / - Protects Earth from UV
rays in the stratosphere
- Tropospheric Ozone is a
pollutant! / Produced when ______react with ______in the presence of sunlight / Irritants ______
Asthma attacks, immune system suppression
Pregnant women are ______more likely to
give birth to infants with serious heart probs.
Plant damage at ______concentrations.
Pollutants / Businesses, Motor Vehicles, Industry pollutants / Enter the atmosphere and are taken into organism lungs. / Long term exposure is linked to ______
CHILDREN & AIR POLLUTION / SMOKING
METHODS OF MONITORING AIR POLLUTION
PM
NOx
SOx
COx / Air Toxics
O3
HCs
Acid Deposition

Smoking Fact Sheet:

• Cigarette smoking causes almost 86% of the 140,000 lung cancer deaths in the US annually
• Cigarette smoke contains:
• hydrocarbons, CO2, CO, particulates, cyanide,

and radioactive materials (from the fertilizers)

• Infants of parents who smoke have 2X the chance of

pneumonia or bronchitis in their 1st year of life.

• 3 million people die annually of smoking-related causes worldwide
• More than 1 million US children & teens take up smoking annually

SMOG

What is it?

Air pollution that is ______in ______areas where it reduces ______

Types of Smog:

1.______

- Smoke pollution; principal pollutants are sulfur oxides and particulate matter.

- Worse in the winter months because of heating needs.

2. ______

- Sunlight initiates chemical reactions that

collectively form photochemical smog

- Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons

- Sources:

- Harmful because it:

Winter vs. Summer Smog-

What’s the difference?

Topography and Air Pollution

Under normal conditions, air circulation patterns ______t toxic pollutants from increasing to ______levels near the ______.

Temperature Inversions (Thermal Inversions): Air near the ground is ______than the air at higher levels and the polluting gases/particulate matter remain ______in high concentrations near the ______

What is going on in LA…

(DRAW your picture)

URBAN HEAT ISLANDS Dust Domes

Read pages 446-447 in Raven & Berg and write a paragraph about how scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators remove pollutants from factory exhaust.

HOMEWORK/CLASSWORK (due next class)…..

Read and understand page 447-452. Key points to KNOWfor next class include:

- Clean Air Act 1970

- Changes to the Clean Air Act (1997)

- Ways to improve air quality

- CASE IN POINT: Los Angeles

- Meeting the challenge: clean cars, clean fuels

- Pollution in developing Countries

- CASE IN POINT: Mexico City

…Homework will be checked in one way or another….

Global Distillation Effect

Volatile chemicals ______from land as far away as the

______and are transported by ______to

higher latitudes where they ______and fall to

the ______

Order Up: Indoor air pollution & Noise Pollution (453-457)

# / QUESTION / ANSWER

ACID DEPOSITION

.

Acid deposition (rain, sleet, snow and fog)

is a type of ______

• 2 Types of acid:

-Sulfuric Acid:

From ______mixing with ______in the air

-Nitric Acid:

From ______mixing with ______in the air

- Estimated cost to the US is $10 Billion/yr

• ______Deposition:

- Sulfuric and nitric acids in precipitation

• ______Deposition:

- Sulfuric acid and nitric acid containing particles that settle out of the air.

Acid Deposition occurs when SOx and NOx are released into the atmosphere.

- Sources:

- Effects:

- Examples:

Acid Deposition & Soil Chemistry….

Links to Global Warming, Ozone Depletion & Acid Deposition READ PAGES 483-484!!