Ye Awesome Tables of Knowledge

The elements below are organized by going down each column and then left to right on the periodic table. Notice the patterns when it comes to ionic charge (for example, the first column has a charge of +1, second column +2, etc…).

Atomic # / Element Name / Chemical Symbol / Ionic Charge / Ionic Name
1 / Hydrogen / H / +1/sometimes –1 / Hydrogen/Hydride
3 / Lithium / Li / +1 / Same as
11 / Sodium / Na / +1 / Element name
19 / Potassium / K / +1 / For Most
55 / Cesium / Cs / +1 / Metals!
4 / Beryllium / Be / +2
12 / Magnesium / Mg / +2
20 / Calcium / Ca / +2
56 / Barium / Ba / +2
21 / Scandium / Sc / +3
22 / Titanium / Ti / +3
23 / Vanadium / V / +3
24 / Chromium / Cr / +2 / Chromium (II)
+3 / Chromium (III)
25 / Manganese / Mn / +2 / Manganese (II)
26 / Iron / Fe / +2 / Iron (II)
+3 / Iron (III)
27 / Cobalt / Co / +2
28 / Nickel / Ni / +2
29 / Copper / Cu / +2 / Copper (II)
30 / Zinc / Zn / +2 / Zinc (II)
5 / Boron / B
13 / Aluminum / Al / +3
31 / Gallium / Ga / +3
6 / Carbon / C / (Not an ion)
14 / Silicon / Si
32 / Germanium / Ge
7 / Nitrogen / N / -3 / Nitride
15 / Phosphorus / P / -3 / Phosphide
33 / Arsenic / As
8 / Oxygen / O / -2 / Oxide
16 / Sulfur / S / -2 / Sulfide
34 / Selenium / Se / -2 / Selenide
9 / Fluorine / F / -1 / Fluoride
17 / Chlorine / Cl / -1 / Chloride
35 / Bromine / Br / -1 / Bromide
53 / Iodine / I / -1 / Iodide
2 / Helium / He / (Noble gas)
10 / Neon / Ne / (Noble gas)
18 / Argon / Ar / (Noble gas)
36 / Krypton / Kr / (Noble gas)
54 / Xenon / Xe / (Noble gas)

You should know how to see a chemical symbol and know its chemical name and vice-versa. You must also know the charge and name of the elements' ions.

Ions to Know

Ion Name / Ion Formula
Nitrite / NO2-
Nitrate / NO3-
Sulfite / SO3-
Sulfate / SO42-
Hydroxide / OH-

Notice a pattern…-ite vs. -ate. To put together an ionic compound:

- you must use one metal (named with its element name) + one totally nonmetal ion (named with "ide" on end if it's a single element)

- the charges must balance to make a neutral compound (ex. BaCl2 –> Ba has 2+, while Cl has –1 x 2 = -2!)

Acids and Bases to Know

Chemical Formula / Name / Acid or Base?
HNO2 / Nitrous acid / Acid
HNO3 / Nitric acid / Acid
H2SO3 / Sulfurous acid / Acid
H2SO4 / Sulfuric acid / Acid
Anything with –OH / ______hydroxide / Base

Subatomic Particles to Know

Particle Name / How to Symbolize / Relative Mass / Relative Charge
Proton / p / 1 / +1
Neutron / n / 1 / 0
Electron / e- / 0 (very little mass!) / -1

Remember that:

- mass number = p + n, NOT MASS

- atomic number = # of p, which never changes for each element (ex. C always has 6 p)

- Na+ is missing one e-, while Cl- has an extra electron (more negative charge!)

Prefix / Comparison
Kilo- / x 1,000
Deci- / x 1/10
Centi- / x 1/100
Milli- / x 1/1,000
Micro- / x 1/1,000,000
Nano- / x 1/1,000,000,000

For example, 1 centimeter is 1/100 of a meter; 1 kilometer is 1,000 meters, etc.

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

Number of Atoms / Prefixes
1 / Mono
2 / Di
3 / Tri
4 / Tetra
5 / Penta
6 / Hexa
7 / Hepta
8 / Octa

Remember, only 2 NON-METALS create molecular compounds (therefore they are NOT ionic). The first element is named with the name of its element, but the second changes and has –ide at the end; don't use "mono" for the first element; and drop the vowel from the end of the prefix if the element's name begins with one (EXCEPT di or tri with O; ex. phosphorus tetroxide).