Worksheet Ch.12 – WATER POLLUTION

PART A – CLOZE EXERCISE

  1. Trace substances that are water pollutants are those which occur at concentrations of ……………. ..………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  2. The general types of water pollutantsmost likely to be involved with eutrophication are ………..

……………………………......

  1. Lead, cadmium andmercury are all examples of water pollutants called ______

______whereasarsenic is an example of a ______.

  1. One of these pollutants which ischemically similar to zinc is ______. One pollutant that potentially can getinto water from plumbing would be ______.

One pollutant that is converted by methylated organometallic forms by bacteria would be ______. Ametalloid pollutant that occurs with phosphate minerals and enters into theenvironment along with some phosphorus compounds is ______.

  1. Bactericidal, fungicidal, andinsecticidal tributyl tin chloride and related tributyl tin (TBT) compounds are ofparticular environmental significance because of their widespread use as ______
  2. A highly toxic inorganic water pollutant that is widely used in certain mineralprocessing operations is ______.
  3. A water pollutant that isthe initial product of the decay of nitrogenous organic wastes is ______and one produced by bacteria acting on sulfate is ______.
  4. Asubstance that causes lung cancer when inhaled, but which may not be particularlydangerous in drinking water is ______.
  5. Eutrophication describes acondition of lakes or reservoirs involving ______. Generally, thesingle plant nutrient that is generally named as the culprit in excessive eutrophicationis ______.
  6. The most common source of pollutant acid in wateris ……………………………………………….
    …………………….. formed by the microbial oxidationof ______.
  7. The recharging of water softeners canintroduce excessive amounts of ______into water.
  8. Biochemical oxygen demand is a measurement of …………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Primary and secondary sewagetreatment processes remove ………………………………………..

……………………………………… from water.

  1. A soapanion exhibits a dual nature because it consists of …………………………………………. that likes water and a ………………………………………... Soap’s primary disadvantage as a cleaning agent is …………………………………………………………………………………..…

The surfaceactiveagent, or surfactant, in detergents acts by …………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

  1. The advantageof LAS surface active agent over ABS is that the former is ______.Most of the environmental problems that currently are associated with the use ofdetergents arise from the ______in detergents.
  2. A once common petrol additive that has been shown to pollute water is ______.
  3. Pesticides classified as“both the oldest and newest” kinds of pesticides are the ______and pyrethroids.Chemically, both parathion and malathion are classified as ______

but the latter is safer because …………………………………………………………………………..

  1. Although the toxicity of DDT to humans islow, it isenvironmentally damaging because of its……..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

PART B – SHORT ANSWER

  1. What do mercury and arsenic have in common in regard to their interactions withbacteria in sediments?
  1. What are the two reasons that soap is environmentally less harmful than ABSsurfactant used in detergents?
  1. What is the primary detrimental effect upon organisms of salinity in waterarising from dissolved NaCl and Na2SO4?
  1. Give a specific example of each of the following general classes of waterpollutants:

(a) trace elements:

(b) metal-organic combinations:

(c) pesticides:

  1. Draw the general chemical formula of the compound designated as PCB?

1 | PageFundamentals of Environmental Chemistry.Stanley. E. Manahan© 2001 CRC Press LLC