Name ______Per ____

Worksheet 7.2: Muscles

  1. a. Antagonistic muscles have ______functions.
  1. Synergistic muscles have ______functions.
  1. a. Antagonistic muscle arrangements are necessary because a contracting muscle can only ( pull / push ) a bone in one direction.
  1. When the muscle relaxes and lengthens, it does not exert force and cannot ( pull / push ) the bone the other way.
  2. Another muscle is needed to ( pull / push ) the bone back to its original position.
  1. For each muscle action listed below, define the term and state the term that has the opposite meaning.
  2. Flexion: ______

Opposite: ______

  1. Abduction: ______

Opposite: ______

  1. Pronation: ______

Opposite: ______

  1. Plantar flexion: ______

Opposite: ______

  1. a. The parts of the brain that generate the nerve impulses that initiate voluntary movement are the ______lobes of the ______.

b. The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement is the ______.

EXERCISE – HOMEOSTASIS

Match each response to exercise with the purpose of each. Use each letter once. Two answer lines will have two correct letters.

Increased heart rate ______A. Produces more ATP for the muscle contraction process

Increased sweating ______B. Permits the loss of excess body heat

Increased respiration ______C. Circulates oxygen more rapidly to the muscles

Increased cell respiration ______D. Permits more oxygen to enter the blood

Vasodilation in muscle______E. Circulates excess CO2 more rapidly to the lungs to be exhaled

F. Permits excess CO2 to be exhaled rapidly

G. Increases the blood flow within muscles

Define homeostasis. ______

MUSCLE ARRANGEMENTS

Following are diagrams of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii. Label the parts and actions indicated.

In diagram A, name the Primary Mover _____

In diagram A, name the Antagonist _____

In diagram B, name the Primary Mover _____

In diagram B, name the Antagonist _____

MUSCLE ACTION

Look at the following diagrams and tell what type of muscle action is shown as well as which part of the body is performing the action.(Example: Flexion of the Forearm or Abduction of the Thigh)

Exercises – Isotonic or Isometric?

Identify each exercise as either Isotonic or Isometric.

Isotonic = The joint moves

Isometric = The joint DOES NOT move

  1. Flex and extend forearm while holding a 10 lb. barbell ______
  2. Tightening abdominal muscles while in a sitting position______
  3. Stand in a doorframe and push on both sides with fists closed______
  4. Push-ups (military style)______
  5. Extend arm outward and hold for 15 seconds______