CHICAGO OPEN 2017: -.. --- -. - / ..-. --- .-. --. . - / - --- / -.. .-. .. -. -.- / -.-- --- ..- .-. / --- ...- .- .-.. - .. -. .
Edited by Ike Jose (head editor), Billy Busse, Ryan Westbrook, and Jason Thompson
(with packetizing/proofreading assistance from Ramapriya Rangaraju)
Editors 1
1. A non-Salman Rushdie novel called Shame depicts the aftermath of this event and caused its author to be exiled from her home country. In April 2017, the CBI’s request to reinstitute conspiracy charges for this event’s perpetrators was granted by the country’s Supreme Court. 68 people were ultimately culpable for it according to the report produced by the Liberhan Commission. This event caused members of the Dawood Company to place twelve car bombs to blow up various buildings nine months after it took place. This 3-hour long event was perpetrated by kar sevaks of the VHP. Shortly after this event, around 1000 people died in rioting partly instigated by the Shiv Sena. Zealous members of the BJP wanting to construct a temple to Rama in Uttar Pradesh instigated, for 10 points, what December 6, 1992 event in which a Muslim place of worship was destroyed in Ayodhya?
ANSWER: the destruction of the Babri Mosque [accept equivalents; accept answers that use Babur’s Mosque being destroyed or mosque of Babur being ransacked prompt on the Ayodhya controversy]
2. A variant of this result that applies to certain orbit types is the Mostow-Palais Theorem. The elimination of opposite-signed double points by this statement shows that the set of certain equivalence relations between manifolds is C-isomorphic to the cylinder defined by "M sub zero, cross the unit interval”. This result is used to prove a theorem stating that every Riemannian manifold can have the length of their paths preserved while undergoing the namesake operation - that theorem based on this one was proved by John Nash. As a result of this theorem, every compact manifold admits a normal vector bundle. Smale's proof of the h-cobordism theorem relies on this theorem’s “trick”. It relies on the "weak immersion theorem" also proved by this theorem’s namesake. For 10 points, name this theorem stating that every smooth n-manifold can be fixed in R to the "2n plus 1."
ANSWER: Whitney embedding theorem [prompt on embedding theorem or Whitney’s Theorem]
3. These are the first people mentioned in the subtitle of a book by Franklin Ford, who cites Herodotus’s account of Otanes as the first passage from antiquity to discuss them. In Xenophon’s dialogue Hiero,the poet Simonides tells the title Syracusan that statues of these people can be found in temples. John of Salisbury defended these people by comparing Julian the Apostate as an “image of depravity”. Cicero’s On Duties praises these people since “there can be no fellowship between us” and the “pestilential class” of humanity. Hotomanus was a leader of a group of French Huguenots who justified the acts of these people, the Monarchomachs. In the book Politics, Aristotle suggests that these people very rarely act purely for the common good and without benefit. Harmodius and Aristogeiton are the first of, for 10 points, what people who commit an act of murder to depose a ruler?
ANSWER: tyrannicides [accept regicides; accept answers indicating people whokilled a ruler; prompt on assassins or killers]
4. In one article, this man describes the Rational Design research program as akin to “driving with the rearview mirror” because it only explains past choices. Together with Raymond Duvall, this man gave a talk arguing that modern nations are “militantly agnostic” about UFOs because the notion of extraterrestrial life is a threat to human-centered rule. In perhaps his best-known work, he argues that the process of signaling, interpreting, and responding completes a social act, allowing us to create “intersubjective knowledge,” and that the self-help view of the world is only introduced because of “predator states.” His 2015 book, Quantum Mind and Social Science, proposes to unify physical and social ontology. This man, who pioneered a school of thought along with Nicholas Onuf and Peter Katzenstein, argued in his seminal 1992 article that “Anarchy is What States Make of It.” For 10 points, name this International Relations theorist often considered the founder of Constructivism.
ANSWER: Alexander Wendt
5. This critic’s example of "modern Broadway producers" using a "reliable person" to count the number of laughs in the audience is part of his attack on "Personal Registrations" as a source of legitimate criticism. An essay by this author argues "the poet perpetuates, in his poem, an order of existence, which in actual life is constantly crumbling". A book by this critic praises metaphysical poetry for causing the reader to revel in the "dinglich substance" of the "world's body". This author included his essay "Criticism Inc." in a volume arguing against "scientific rationalism" and instead advocating an aesthetic approach to poetry. The term "New Criticism" was coined in a book of the same name by this author, who helped compile I'll Take My Stand, a volume of Southern Agrarian manifestoes. For 10 points, name this critic, better known as the Fugitive poet who wrote "Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter".
ANSWER: John Crowe Ransom
6. This method is applied under the constraint of unitarity to derive the result that the square of the matrix element for a particle interaction must be less than a constant times the square of the log of the energy scale; that's the Froissart bound. A function central to this method is proportional to the ratio of a spherical Bessel function to a spherical Hankel function of the first kind for the specific case of a hard-sphere potential. By taking the solution obtained by this method, squaring it, and integrating over all solid angles, one can trivially derive the optical theorem. The desired function in this method is given by the sum from L = 0 to infinity of 2L +1 times the L-th Legendre polynomial times this method's namesake amplitude. The Born approximation is an alternative to, for 10 points, what method of solving scattering problems by decomposing a plane wave into an infinite sum of spherical waves?
ANSWER: partial wave expansion [accept other words like “method” or “analysis” in place of “expansion”]
7. John Norton-Griffiths led a sabotage mission in this country to blow up a series of refineries. Troops from this country were allocated according to the "Z Hypothesis" when it entered the First World War. This country was able to defend itself at the Battles of Oituz and Marasesti after its capital had fallen, leading to somewhat favorable terms for it in the Armistice of Focsani. Earlier this country unsuccessfully launched the Flamanda Offensive, but was ultimately unsuccessful in cutting off August von Mackensen from the rest of his troops. In 1916, a secret treaty promised this country the land of Banat and Bukovina in exchange for entry into the war. However, that backfired when troops led by Erich von Falkenhayn captured this country’s oil-rich Ploesti region. For 10 points, name this country that entered World War I on the side of the Entente with hopes of reclaiming Transylvania.
ANSWER: Romania
8. A qualitative study of this art form extensively quotes a half-Japanese person identified only as "Sushi". Steven P. Schacht made a fourfold taxonomy of this art form, whose practitioners founded a street group called STAR in 1970. Ester Newton did early fieldwork among people who engaged in this craft. About a dozen artists of this type were interviewed by sociologists Leila J. Rupp and Verta Taylor for a study centered on the 801 Bourbon Bar in Key West, Florida. This practice typifies a "hip quietism" which cannot spur social change according to Martha Nussbaum's essay "The Professor of Parody." Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson, who both did this, demonstrated near Christopher Park after a building run by the Genovese crime family was raided by cops. Mother Camp is a study of, for 10 points, what performing art with subversive potential lauded by Judith Butler, whose performers kicked off the Stonewall riots in costume?
ANSWER: drag performance [or drag queens; or dressing in drag; or female impersonators; or female impersonation; accept cross-dressing or transvestite even though that's probably offensive; prompt on dress-up or costume parade; prompt on queens; prompt on being transgender or transsexual, which is not distinguished firmly from drag queening in the self-identity of some of the people described in this tossup]
9. Mathieu Amalric's 2010 adaptation of this play extensively features security cameras and includes references to the FPS Modern Warfare 2. This play's dedication to a mysterious "Madamemoiselle M.F.D.R.", states "the first act is a mere prologue, the next three acts are unfinished", the last is "tragedy", and that when they are stitched together, they add up to a "comedy". In the final act, two characters take on the roles of Theagene and Hippolyte. This play's second act begins with the braggart Matamore wondering if the "Mughal emperor" or the "Persian sophy" should be subdued first. It begins with Dorante taking his friend to a grotto where a magus assists him in finding his son, who has been missing for ten years. It appears that Prince Florilame's men have Rosine and Clindor killed at this play’s conclusion. Alcandre puts on the title trick for Pridamant in, for 10 points, what comedy by Pierre Corneille?
ANSWER: The Comic Illusion [or The Theatre of Illusion or L’Illusion Comique]
10. A sutra that explicates this concept features a disciple named Manjusri being asked "Why do people not dig in trees for gold?" and "Why do people not churn water into milk?", and centers on the serial killer Angulimala. Seven arguments for why this doctrine applies to trees and plants were summarized by the Chinese scholar Chujin in the Kanko Ruiju. This doctrine names a "treatise" by Vasubandhu, who argued that the objective of Chan contemplation is not rebirth in the Pure Land, but the understanding of this concept. This concept, which is named for the word for "seed" or "embryo", was extended to apply to non-living things by Dogen. Because a being possessed "karmic delusions", Zhaozhou Congshen gives an answer of "mu"when asked if a dog has this concept in a Zen koan. For 10 points, name this fundamental quality of living things, which allows them to reach Enlightenment.
ANSWER: Buddha-nature [accept answers indicating all things can be a Buddha; accept Buddha-dhatu or Tathagatagarbha]
11. In a letter to Claire Clermont, the author of this poem claimed that while writing it, a "stormy mist of sensations" continuously afflicted him. This poem describes a group as "the splendours of the firmament of time" that are never "extinguish'd," and suggests that group comes from those whose "names on Earth are dark / but whose transmitted effluence cannot die / so long as fire outlives the parent spark." This poem praises "kings of thought, / who wag'd contention with their time's decay", and notes that "Chatterton," "Sidney" and "Lucan" are figures who "rose from their thrones, built beyond mortal thought". This poem twice states “Go to Rome”, calling it the sepulchre “of our joy”. This poem's 55th and final stanza compares the "soul of" the title character to a star that "Beacons from the abode where the Eternal are." For 10 points, name this elegy for John Keats, written by Percy Shelley.
ANSWER: Adonais
12. In the book Farewell to an Idea, the art historian T.J. Clark calls one of these artists as "the greatest painter of the 1950s" praising his painting To Become, That is the Question, To Have Been, That is the Answer. These artists maintained it was the artist’s duty to “destroy the last remnants of an empty, irksome aesthetic, arousing the creative instincts”. One of these artists built on Marx to develop a system of "triolectics" and incorporated its ideas into a game meant to be played on a hexagonal surface, three-sided football. In a collaboration with Guy Debord, one of these artists encased a book of "psychogeography" in sandpaper. The leaders of this group of artists wrote the manifesto "The Case Was Settled" and included Karel Appel and Constant Nieuwenhuys (“NEW-when”-hers). Asger Jorn was a member of, for 10 points, what avant-garde art group whose name is an abbreviation of three northern European cities?
ANSWER: COBRA [or CoBrA]
13. It's not diffusion, but the rate at which this process occurs is found in the denominator of a parameter denoted capital lambda which determines whether or not a reaction is electrochemically reversible via the Matsuda-Ayabe conditions. In one technique, the peak current is related to the rate at which this process occurs by to the Randles-Sevcik equation. This is the first word in the name of a technique which uses both an X-ray detector to observe cathodoluminescence and an Everhart-Thornley detector to detect backscattering and secondary emission signals. This process occurs in a non-linear fashion in cyclic voltammetry. In another technique, the device which performs this process moves vertically in constant-current mode, but not constant-height mode. For 10 points, name this process performed by a namesake piezoelectric probe in a technique which uses quantum tunneling to image a surface.
ANSWER: scanning [accept “scan rate”]
14. The printer Anthony Haswell was arrested after he set up a public lottery in this politician’s home state to support his cause. After several other outlets refused to publish his essays, this man created his own newspaper entitled The Scourge of Aristocracy and Repository of Important Political Truth. His opponents called him “old wooden sword” after he was allegedly dismissed from Horatio Gates’ command. This man, who represented his state with Lewis Morris, got re-elected to Congress while in jail, where he was sent for ridiculing the president in a letter to Alden Spooner, earning him an ex post facto conviction under the Sedition Act. During another dispute, this man used red-hot tongs from a fire pit to defend himself, two weeks after a fellow politician from Connecticut called him a scoundrel and demanded he be expelled for spitting tobacco juice in his eye. For 10 points, name this Vermont politician known for his 1798 brawl with Roger Griswold.
ANSWER: Matthew Lyon
15. During a 2012 Diamond Jubilee concert, pianist Lang Lang added a prominent one of these things to a cadenza in Rhapsody in Blue. D sharp, F sharp, and A sharp are the first three of these things in a work whose Vivace first section precedes a Più lento B section that seemingly lacks them. Apocryphally, Charles Ives responded to comments that his Country Band March had “so many” of these things with the rejoinder “You’re quite right. It’s perfect.” Sergei Prokofiev described Stravinsky’s neoclassical works as “Bach on” these things. These things make the singer “doo doo doot” in a namesake “rag” that describes “a new sensation that’s goin’ around” from the musical Wonderful Town. These supposed things nickname the E-minor opus 25 No. 5 étude by Frederic Chopin, due to its rapidly-resolved 9ths and other dissonances. For 10 points, name these musical events, such as a flautist playing a D instead of a C.
ANSWER: wrong notes [accept clear equivalents such as incorrect notes; accept ‘Wrong Note’ étude or The Wrong Note Rag; accept extra notes before “Vivace”; prompt on dissonances or minor seconds or minor ninths or grace notes or acciaccaturas or sixteenth notes by asking “Which result from what things or supposed things?”]
16. A poetry collection set at and named for this place instructs Hermione to "clothe those shining breasts, / Desist from stirring the insanity of lovers" since the speaker is "congealed by old age". That book of hendecasyllabics is subtitled for this place, and was written by Giovanni Gioviano Pontano. Seneca praises Scipio for spending his exile at Liternum because his "downfall did not need a setting so effeminate" in a letter to Lucilius about "morals" and this place. A prophecy made by the astrologer Thrasyllus supposedly inspired Caligula to build a 3-mile long bridge at this place so that he could cross it by horse. The ruins of this town contain enormous barges that effectively functioned as palaces. The ruins of this town are part of Italy's only underwater archaeological park. For 10 points, name this ancient Roman pleasure town on the Bay of Naples.
ANSWER: Baiae [or Baia]
17. In one tale, this god throws the eyes of dead humans into the sky where they become stars and foil an evil dwarf, who can’t stand starlight. Wilhelm Bleek recorded an unusual tale in which this god gave one group of people spears, and another group of people guns. When this god grew ferociously hungry, he took a lightning-master form called the “Wise One,” and thunderbolted a cow for himself to feast upon. Upon gaining sight, his first decision was that white people should live in the ocean and black people should live on land, then he created rivers and mountains. He fell to Earth out of the mythical “swamp of life,” because he grew too heavy for a reed in the sky swamp to hold him, after which he began forming other reeds into humans. He then sent out a chameleon to grant immortality to man, but it dilly-dallied and was beaten by a lizard who brought word of death. FTP, name this supreme creator god of the Zulu people.