《英美文学》练习题一 参考答案
一、
I
1-5 BACBD
6-10 DBCAB
11-15 ADCAA
II
Whitman , Irving , Howells , James , Fitzgerald
Kerouac , Ellison , Amy Tan , Maxine Hong Kingston , O' Neill
III
- Lyrical Ballads; Romanticism
- blank verse; Paradise Lost
- horses; Yahoos
- Ireland; stream of consciousness
- Realism; Modernism
IV
1. intellectual movement developed as an American version of and peak of Romanticism ;/ led by Emerson ;/ rejected 18th century rationalism and established religion , celebrated the power of human imagination to commune with universe and transcend limitation of material world ;/ emphasized Oversoul , importance of individual and nature .
2. a unique part of American Literature ; / can be defined as published creative writings by American Jewish writers dealing with Jew's experience in America from a Jewish perspective self–consciously .
V
1. The word Araby comes from Arabian which reminds the reader of the oriental land----a wonderful and dreaming world.
2) In his story, Araby is the name of a bazaar which symbolizes the dream, the ideal and the embodiment of beauty for the boy.
- 1) It tells the theme of the novel— marriage.
2) It implies the plot— the process of finding a marriage partner.
3) It implies the characters— young men and women.
4) It tells the reader the convention of the society.
5) It implies the style of the novel— irony.
3. 1).Oral tradition in the form of songs , ballads , etc ;
2). Abolitionist Movement brought a new impetus to Black Literature ;
3). Black novel developed at the turn of the 20th century ;
4). Harlem Renaissance in 1920s ;
5). maturity in 1940s ;
6). particular growth in 1960s with Civil Rights Movement .
二、
I
1-5 b d c b c 6-10 c b a d c 11-15 c d b d a
II
Bradstreet , Hawthorne, Crane , Mark Twain , Steinbeck ,
Ginsberg , Hughes , Frank Chin, Hellman , Williams
III
T , F , T , F , T , F , T , F , F , F , F , T , F , T , T
IV
1. influenced by Darwin's theory and 19th century French naturalism ; / evolved from realism;/ naturalists write in a more ironic and pessimistic tone and believe that human subject to heredity and environment ;/ familiar theme is human '' bestiality '' ; / Naturalists choose subject from lower ranks of society ;/ works are unsophisticated in language .
2. referring to the decade of 1920s ;/ with Fitzgerald as the spokesman ;/ characterized by frivolity and carelessness .
V
1．
1) Their writings afford a new code of social morality for the risings bourgeoisie.
2) They give a true picture of social life of England in the 18th century.
3) In the hands of Addison and Steele, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre.
2．
The characters are grouped into two groups: 1) represented by coachman, lady, gentleman, lawyer, surgeon, middle or upper class who are rich and well educated. But they are snobbish, selfish and coward; 2) represented by Joseph Andrews who is from lower class but sympathetic, selfless, warmhearted and kind.
3．1. Fitzgerald—The Great Gatsby
2. ①Wilson's neighbour who saw the killing of Wilson's wife ;
②make clear ;
③the person running the gas station at valley of ashes ;
④Nick , the narrator ;
⑤the sister of Wilson's wife .
3.
emptiness and failure of American dream .
三、
I
1-5 d b c a a 6-10 a b d d d 11-15 a d b b d
II. 6 , 5, 10, 1 , 3 , 8 , 2 , 7 , 4 , 9
III
F , T , T , F , F , T , T , F , T , F , T , T , F , F , T
IV
1. Metaphysical poetry is a kind of realistic, often ironic and witty, verse combing intellectual ingenuity and psychological insight written partly in reaction to the conventions of Elizabethan love poetry by such seventeenth-century poets as John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Thomas Traherne, and Andrew Marvell. One of its hallmarks is the metaphysical conceit, a particularly arresting and ingenious type of metaphor.
2 A protagonist whose distinctive qualities are directly opposite to, or incompatible with, those associated with the traditional hero. Such an opposition by no means implies that the character is evil or villainous but often tends to reflect the author’s belief that modern life no longer tolerates or produces individuals capable of genuine heroism, in its classic sense.
V
1.
1) Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels.
2) Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small country parishes, whose simple country people became the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled.
3) her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her pots are straight-forward; there is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Her prose flows easily and naturally. Her dialogue is admirably true to life.
2. The major contribution made by the 19th century critical realists is their perfection of the novel. Like the realists of the 18th century, the 19th century critical realist made use of the form of novel of full and detailed representations of social and political events, and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes. However, the realistic novels of the 19th century went a step further than those of the 18th century in that they not only pictured the conflicts between individuals who stood for definite social strata, but also showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals. Their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism, and their vivid description of the dramatic conflicts of the time make the 19th century realistic novel “the epic of the bourgeois society”.
3．1. Emily Dickinson——Because I Could Not Stop for Death
2. ①school is an image of childhood ;
②field is an image of adulthood ;
③setting sun is an image of old age .
3. (point only )
cycle of life and death with 3 stages and a final stage of eternity .
《英美文学》练习题二 参考答案
一、
I
1—5 a a c d b 6—10 d d a c d 11—15 b a d b b
II 10 , 1 , 5 , 6 , 3 , 8 , 2 , 4 , 7 , 9
III
1-5 F F T F F 6-10 T T T T T
IV
1.Irony is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.
Three kinds of irony:1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.3. irony of situation is a discrepency between the expected result and actual results.
2. Aestheticism. The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement is “art for art’s sake”. Aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake. The representatives are Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater.
V
1. 1). effect of Civil War ;
2). development of industry and trade widen the gap between the rich and the poor ;
3) closing of frontier .
2As a novelist, he promoted the theory of realism in literary creation. He believed that a truthful artist’s duty was to produce human nature faithfully and accurately as he saw it. In novel writing, he had the principles of characterization and typification which modern English writers are still using. Though he is not the first English novelist, he has generally been considered as “the father of English novel”
3Modernist English poetry has the following chief traits. 1. Modernist poets insisted on “direct treatment of things” and on the avoidance of all words “that do not contribute to the presentation” 2. Modernist poetry has freer metrical movement. 3. Modernism introduced into poetry a much higher degree of intellectual complexity because of the enthusiasm for metaphysical poetry. 4. The modernist poets frequently made use of symbolism 5. it brought poetic language and rhythm closer to that of conversation by the use of colloquial expressions and even slang. 6, it employed irony and puns which had been banished from serious poetry for over two hundred years 7. it was often international and urban in theme.
二、
I
1-5 c d b d a
6-10 c c b b d
II
Poe , Dreiser , Dos Passos , Eliot , Heller ,
Frost , Bellow , Jade Snow Wang , Miller , O'Neill
III
1-5 F T F F T 6-10 T T T F T
Ⅳ
1. A term referring to theology advocated by a party within the Church of England ;/ in broader sense referring to attitudes and values held by Puritans ;/ as a cultural heritage exerted influence on American values and literature ;/ 3 concepts : original sin , predestination , salvation of selected few .
2. 1920s saw a new upsurge of Black American Literature ;/ Langston Hughes known as Black America's poet Laureate is considered the most important person ;/ other black writers like Gwendolyn Brooks also contribute to it .
V
- Similarities:
1)the poems are the continuation of Romanticism and influenced by poems of Romanists.
2)the poets show the practice in metrical patterns and literary styles.
Dissimilarities:
1) Browning is active and optimistic while Tennyson is pessimistic.
2) Browning seeks for new styles while Tennyson follows conventions.
2. It deals with dramas greatly which is also called Revival of Drama with the outstanding figures like Yeats, Synge and Beckett, etc. It aimed at the revival of the Irish language and independence from England
3. 1. )carefully work–out structure and form to cater for the thematic concern ;
2.) exploration of complexity of human psychology ;
3.) symbolism ;
4.) ambiguity .