What Are They

What are they? ______What do they not do? ______How big are they? ______What can they do and what do they need? ______How are they named? ______

______

The inner core is ______

The outer protein Coat is ______

The additional protective layer is ______

Some shapes include:

Sizes range from ______to ______
A person who studies viruses is called ______and the study of viruses is called ______.

What must a virus do before it can replicate? ______Are viruses specific? ______

The first cycle is the ______cycle.

Step 1.

Step 2.

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Lytic cycle viruses are considered ______b/c they attack immediately and kill the host.

The second cycle is the ______cycle.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

These viruses are considered ______b/c they do not make a person sick immediately but lay in wait for an opportune time.

is ______

Examples of Lysogenic viruses include: ______

Some common diseases caused by viruses are:

this type of virus ______

An example includes ______which causes ______.

Some viruses have been linked to ______in humans and animals. These include:

Hepatitis B (HBV) causes ______

Human T-cell Lymphotropic/leukemia virus causes

______

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes ______

Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) causes ______

SMALLER THAN VIRUSES

______are composed of proteins but no ______and cause ______in cells. These cause diseases such as:

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or ______

Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease is the human equivalent.

______are a single circular strand of ______with no ______. These cause disease in ______.

The first virus to be identified was the ______. Not all viruses are harmful some cause ______in plants.

______are made from ______or ______viruses. Attenuated means the virus cannot ______because it has been genetically altered. ______are addition doses of the vaccine to extend protection.

If you already have the disease ______drugs can be used to slow the disease. The best way to control disease is through ______. ______are not useful against viruses.

is the CDC ? ______

does CDC stand for? ______

stands for ______and what disease was wiped out in 1977? ______. When did the WHO decide to eradicate this disease?

are viruses that are ______

Examples include:

This means that bacteria are ______. A Bacterium is a ______. Some are ______and some cause disease ______. Bacteria can be used ______, ______or ______.

SUBKINGDOM ______(______)

Methanogens – named for unusual way they ______and convert it to ______. Live only in ______

Extreme Halophiles – Love ______and live in places like the ______and ______

Thermoacidophiles – Love ______and ______are found on ______

SUBKINGDOM ______(______)

This subkingdom is broken down by several methods:

Gram stain – ( _____ or _____)

Gram ______stains ______in the presence of ______.

They can be ______or ______in getting their energy
There are 3 basic shapes

______shaped which is ______.

There are also 3 ways they group together

______which means pairs

______which resembles a cluster of grapes

______which refers to an arrangement of chains.

Phylum ______or Blue green Algae

______-makes their own food but uses chemicals

No ______or ______

Too many causes ______

Phylum ______

Gram- ______and ______shaped

______-gets food from somewhere else

Moves using a ______

Can live ______, ______or as a ______.

Examples: ______

Phylum ______

All but a few stain ______

Examples: ______

Phylum ______

Largest most ______group

Has ______subdivisions

______bacteria which are Gram-______, ______, and ______Including______and ______
______are Gram-______and extract ______from minerals
______bacteria are Gram-______and live ______or ______including ______

Three main Parts

______composed of ______

______used to carry out ______due to lack of ______

______contains no membrane bound organelles.

______extra outer covering to help adhere to host.

Bacteria Movement includes: ______, ______, ______.

HOW DO BACTERIA EATAND BREATH?

______feed on dead decaying matter

______can use sunlight or chemicals to make food

______can’t survive in oxygen

______can’t survive w/out oxygen

______doesn’t really matter

Bacteria love temperature between ______and ______which makes them ______and pH levels below ______.

Bacteria reproduce ______through ______.

Step 1.

Step 2.

Step 3.

Bacteria can also reproduce “______” three ways

Sometimes Bacteria are faced with unfavorable conditions, where there is not enough ______, ______or the temperatures become ______. When this happens they produce an ______that will begin to grow and reproduce again when conditions are ______. These structures can survive ______. In order to kill them, you would have to ______. If food is improperly canned then the bacteria ______which causes ______or food poisoning will get into it and make you sick.

______bacteria are pathogenic which means they cause ______. They use the ______for food and are transmitted by ______, ______, ______

______is the study of diseases and a ______is a substance that causes disease.

Bacteria produce two types of toxins:

1. 2.

is used to combat bacteria? ______

bacteria build up immunities? ______

are bacteria found? ______How many per cm2 of your skin are there?______

Without the ______the ______would take over.

Examples of good ways to use bacteria: