Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Andre
Course: / BIOL 211
Instructor: / Dr. Debinski, Dr. Heath
Date: / October 6
Fungi:
What are fungi, and how are they important to global ecosystems?
Two growth forms of fungi exist – unicellular yeasts, and filamentous, multicellular mycelia.
Explain the basic structure of mycelia and its features.
Mycelia –
Hyphae –
Septa –
Coenocytic–
Spores –
Describe the differences between Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Zygomycota. Keep in mind the unique reproductive structures found on each. What is the fundamental reproductive cell in fungi?
Fungal relationships: Explain the difference between mycorrhizal relationships and endophytic relationships. What are lichens?
Mycorrhizal:
- Ectomycorrhizal:
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal:
Endophytic:
Lichens:
Green Plants:
Which organisms are considered to be the green plants? How are these organisms similar and different?
How do the green plants affect our ecosystems?
Describe these major events regarding land plant development, and provide the years in which they occurred.
___ mya – First green algae:
___ mya – First land plants:
___ mya – Silurian-Devonian Explosion:
___ mya – Carboniferous Period:
___ mya – Gymnosperm Diversification:
___ mya – Angiosperm Diversification:
Seedless Plants: Nonvascular and Vascular
Why was upright growth important as the land plants developed? Which organic material was significant to upward growth?
As vascular tissue developed, specialized cells known as tracheids and vessel elements were established. How did they differ from traditional, simpler water conducing cells?
The first plants faced a significant challenge in colonizing dry land – they needed a better form of gamete dispersal, and lacked motility (are sessile). What are the 3 important innovations that plants developed in order to better reproduce on dry land?
The seedless plants exhibit the basic life cycle involving alternation of generations. What does it mean to alternate generations? What does it mean to be a gametophyte or sporophyte? What are the types of gametangia?
Draw or describe the life cycle of seedless plants to answer these questions. Furthermore, address the differences between the life cycle of seedless nonvascular and seedless vascular plants.
Seeded Plants – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Seeded plants adapted new features that seedless plants lack. Explain these new features and their benefits.
Heterosporous:
Seeds:
Trends in the Life Cycle:
What are the main differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms?
Like seedless plants, seeded plants exhibit a life cycle featuring alternation of generations. Draw or describe the life cycle of seeded plants, showing the differences between the angiosperms and gymnosperms.
What is adaptive radiation, and how does this relate to the angiosperm radiation? What major groups are angiosperms divided into, and why?
Viruses:
What are characteristics of viruses? What are they composed of, and how do they replicate?
Explain the following terms:
- Epidemic
- Pandemic
- Virulence
- Virions
Viruses that infect bacteria are known as bacteriophages.Briefly describe their process of replication.
Explain the two main ways that viruses leave their host cell.
- Bursting
- Budding
1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 515-294-6624