NAME: ______

CHAPTER 14 –WATERQUALITY

Earth’s water:

  • Ocean –
  • Fresh water -
  • is frozen in
  • 25% is freshwater
  • is
  • 3.5% is in
  • .2% is in .

terms:

  • - streams that flow into larger streams or rivers.
  • - the area drained by a river and its tributaries.
  • - the of a river.
  • - the of a river.

terms:

  • - the level of water underground.
  • Area of - where water the groundwater system.
  • Area of - where water the groundwater system.
  • - the ability of rock to water to flow through it.
  • - the amount of space in a rock.
  • - a layer of rock and/or soil through which water .
  • - where groundwater flows out at the of the Earth.
  • Excessive in some areas can cause the land to or infiltration.

use (2005):(410 gallons per day)

  • - electricity production
  • - agriculture,
  • - public supply
  • - industry and mining
  • - aquiculture
  • - domestic
  • (homes– indoor – gallons per day)
  • is used outdoors – mostly for lawns and gardens
  • – 27%
  • washer - 22%
  • – 17%
  • – 16%
  • – 14%
  • of water supply comes from water.
  • water bottles are sold in the U.S. each .
  • barrels of are used to create water bottles (fuel for 1.3 million ).
  • Only of those bottles are recycled.
  • At least of bottled water is water.
  • There is regulation of bottled water than water.
  • is a chemical in many plastic bottles that can be .

Water conservation strategies:

  • – circulate water to every in the house. takes seconds to get hot instead of a minute+.
  • Turn water when shaving, brushing teeth, or in the when washing hair and body.
  • pre rinse dishes before putting in .
  • Collect with rain and use for watering plants and gardens.
  • Install toilets or put water bottles or bricks in .
  • “If it’s yellow let it , if it’s brown it down.” No need to flush down every time. (Average toilet uses of water is used with every flush.)
  • Wash your car at a and not at home.
  • Install a water efficient .
  • Use washing machine. (saves and )

Water pollution:

  • source water pollution comes from a spot (pipes, treatment plants, feed lots).
  • source water pollution is over a wide area (runoff from fields or parking lots).
  • are any substance that makes water . Pollutants may be in the water or in the water.
  • water is pure, but may contain over substances in it, but at levels.
  • There are main types of water pollutants
  • causing agents (bacteria, parasites, and viruses)
  • chemicals (salts, acids, and toxic metals)
  • organic compounds (detergents, oil, industrial wastes, pesticides, and solvents)
  • (nitrates and phosphates)
  • (soil, silt, and clay)
  • -demanding wastes (sewage, manure, some industrial wastes)

materials

  • pollution (heat from industrial and power plants).

Water laws:

  • Federal Water Pollution Control Act () of 1972 and amendments of1977– sets water quality and requires pollution discharge .
  • Safe Drinking Water Act of1974 ()– set standards for safe water and protected from contamination.
  • Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980

(act) (CERCLA) – targeted the of hazardous wastes released into the air, land, or water.

3 indicators of water quality for :

  • Dissolved(do) – indicates the ecological of a waterbody

( ppm).

  • Biological (bod) – bacteria breaks down wastes, using up

in the process.

  • Coliform – if present, other disease causing microorganisms may also be present.

is the process of all lakes from oligotrophic to eutrophic.

– lakes that are nutrient – algae, do.

– lakes that are nutrient – algae, do.

Every produces an average of of waste water every . There are numerous steps in this waste water.

  • treatment – removal of large and settling of smaller solids.
  • treatment – removes or suspendedorganic matter and kills .
  • treatment – (leftover of solids and organic wastes are treated) chemical and physical processes that dissolved chemicals.

is the solids that to the bottom of the treatment containers. This sludge is then processed first by being by anaerobic , and then of by incineration, landfill, or composting.

– are sewage treatment systems, used by just under a of American households.

Future of Water:

  • Today of the world’s population lives in areas and over will be by 2050.
  • Waterstress occurs when the for water the amount during a certain period (year).
  • Finding water sources:
  • water – water than can be cleaned and for flushing toilets and irrigation and other similar purposes.
  • – removing from sea water. This is an process due mostly to large use.
  • can be collected () and processed for drinking water ( ) or used for other purposes (irrigation).