ANNALES
UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA
LUBLIN - POLONIA

VOL.LX,SUPPL.XVI,140SECTIOD 2005

KatedraAnatomiiPrawidłowej1

DepartmentofNormalAnatomyAMWrocław

ZakładAnatomiiStomatologicznej2

DepartmentofStomatologicalAnatomyAMWrocław

BOHDANGWORYS1,WIESŁAWKURLEJ2,MIROSŁAWTRZASKA1

Thegrowthphaseinthelightoftheanalisysofsomatometricfeatures

Fazadorastaniawświetleanalizycechsomatometrycznych

Intheavailableliteraturewehavenotcomeacrossanattempttodeterminethelengthofgrowthphaseinthedevelopmentofahuman.Itiswellknownthatitstartsafterreachingsexualmaturitythatisafterfinishing"pubertalspurt”,sogenerallywithgirlsbeingfrom13to17yearsold.Itfinishes,however,fromtheageof20to25.Withboystheexaminedphasestartsabouttwoyearslater[1-4]andlastsfromtheageof20to29.

Theaimofthestudyisanattempttodeterminetheageatwhichthereisatransitionfrompubertalspurtphasetogrowthphaseaswellastodeterminetheageatwhichthegrowingprocessesend.

MATERIALANDMETHODS

ThematerialfortheresearchmakesupchildrenfromsecondaryschoolsinWrocławandstudentsofWroclawMedicalUniversity.Theresearchwasconductedinsemilongitudinalway.Thenumberofthematerialispresentedintable1.

Thefollowingsomatometrictraitswereanalyzed:bodyheight,trunklength,lowerlimblength,shoulderwidth,pelviswidth,thoraxwidthandbodymass.

Thelengthofgrowthphasewasanalyzedonthebasisofgrowthrateoftheanalyzedtraits.Therewasestimatedthesignificanceofdifferencesbetweenthegrowthduringthefollowingyearsofstudiesbymeansoft-Studenttest.Theageatwhichstatisticallyinsignificantdifferencesbetweenthefollowingstagesofgrowthtookplacewasadoptedasthebeginningofthephase.Thelackofprogressinthegrowingprocessdeterminedtheendofthephase.

Table1.Thenumberofstudiedmaterial

age / ♂ / ♀ / age / ♂ / ♀ / age / ♂ / ♀
13 / 132 / 127 / 17 / 102 / 87 / 21 / 142 / 141
14 / 126 / 123 / 18 / 94 / 85 / 22 / 131 / 127
15 / 119 / 116 / 19 / 158 / 162 / 23 / 101 / 114
16 / 113 / 101 / 20 / 152 / 150 / 24 / 87 / 111

RESULTS

  1. Bodyheight(B-v)-fig.1.Statisticallyinsignificantgrowthwasstatedwithmenattheageof16,whichaccordingtotheadoptedassumptioninthisstudy,isthebeginningofgrowthphaseforthefeature.Theendofgrowingprocesswasobservedattheageof23.Inthegroupofexaminedwomenpubertyendedwith15-year-oldgirls,andtheendofgrowthprocesseswasobservedattheageof20.

Fig.1Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofbodyheightwithboth sexes

Fig.2Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofthoraxlengthwithbothsexes

  1. Thoraxlength(sst-sy)-fig.2.Thebeginningofgrowthwithmenwasstatedwith16-year-olds,andwithwomenwith14-year-olds.Theendofthoraxgrowthwithmentookplaceattheageof21,andwithwomenattheageof20.
  2. Thelengthoflowerlimbs(B-sy)-fig.3.Lowerlimbsshowsimilardevelopmentalregularityforbothsexes.Thegrowingprocessstartedattheageof16andfinishedattheageof20withwomenandattheageof22withmen.
  3. Shoulderwidth(a-a)-fig.4.Thistraitshowscleardevelopmentaldimorphism.Withmenunder16,intensivegrowthofthisfeatureconnectedto"pubertalspurt"canbeobserved.Onlywith17-year-oldsannualgrowthisnotstatisticallysignificantanditlastsuntiltheendofstudiedperiodofontogenesis,thatisuntiltheageof24.Withwomengrowingprocessstartsalreadyattheageof14,finallythegrowthendswithfemalesattheageof20.
  4. Pelviswidth(ic-ic)-fig.5.Thetraitischaracterizedbysmallervalueofannualgrowthwithmenthanwithwomen.Thebeginningofthegrowthphasewithbothsexesisdeterminedattheageof16.Withmenthephaselastsuntiltheageof20,whereaswithwomenstatisticallyinsignificantgrowthwasstillstatedwith22-year-olds.

Fig.3Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofthelengthoflowerlimbswithbothsexes

Fig.4.Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofshoulderwidthwithbothsexes

  1. Thoraxwidthtl-tl)-fig.6.Thedescribedtraitchangesinasimilarwaytostronglycorrelatedshoulderwidth.Formenthegrowingprocessstartsattheageof17yearsoldandendsattheageof23.Forwomenstatisticallyinsignificantannualgrowthwasstatedalreadyattheageof13,andattheageof16thegrowingprocessofthistraitendsforfemales.
  2. Bodymass-fig.7.Bodymassisatraitwhichisstronglydependentonthefactorsofwidelyunderstoodenvironment.Itcanbeapproximatelyassumedthatthephaselastsfromtheageof16to22withmenandfromtheageof14to22withwomen.

Fig.5.Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofpelviswidthwithbothsexes

Fig.6.Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofthoraxwidthwithbothsexes

Fig.7.Thevariabilityofincreasevaluesofbodymasswithbothsexes

DISCUSSION

Theanalysisconductedinthisstudyconfirmedtheconclusionsreachedfromtheearlierpublicationsondiversegrowthrateofparticularsomaticfeatures[1,2].Thediversityresultsincertainsequenceoffeaturesofthegrowthphase.

Withmenthesequenceofthetraitsofgrowthphaseareasfollows:for16-year-oldsthephasestartswithbodyheight,thoraxlengthandlengthoflowerlimbs.Shoulderandpelviswidthentersthephaseayearlater.Theendoftheadolescencephasewiththissexvariesalot.Trunklengthfollows(ayearlater),andnext(with22-year-olds)-thelengthoflowerlimbsandbodymass.Attheageof23bodyheightandthoraxwidthfinishthegrowingprocess.Shoulderwidthfinishesthegrowingprocesslast(with24-year-olds).Withmalesthegrowthphaseforpelviswidthlaststheshortest(4years),andthelongest(7years)forbodyheight.

Withwomenthegrowthphasestartsontheaverageabout2yearsearlierthanwithmen.Thephasestartsforthoraxwidthalreadyattheageof13.Attheageof14-fortrunklength,shoulderlengthandbodymass(theotherstartattheageof16).Theendofthegrowingprocessgenerallytakesplaceattheageof20;onlythepelviswidthandbodymassstillgrowwith22-year-oldwomen.Withfemalesthoraxwidthischaracterizedbytheshortestandtheearliestgrowingperiod(about3years).Itisayearlongerforthelengthoflimbs.Fortheotherfeaturesitvariesfrom5to6years(onlybodymassischaracterizedby7-yeargrowingperiod).

CONCLUSIONS

  1. Variedsequenceofenteringthetraitsintothegrowthphaseisobservedwithbothsexes.Withmenlongitudinaltraitsenterthephaseaboutayearearliercomparedwiththediameters.Withmenthesequenceisreverse.
  2. Dimorphicvarietyinthelengthofgrowthphaseisrevealedbythefactthatthephaselastslongerwithmenincasesofthemajorityofexaminedtraits,anddifferentsequenceoftraitsthatenterthegrowingprocess.Onlythepelviswidthandbodymassgrowlongerwithfemales.

REFERENCES

  1. BielickiT.,„iwsp.”:VariationinthebodymassindexamongyoungadultPolishmalesbetween1965-1995.Int.J.Obstet.2002,24,1-5.
  2. GworysB.:Budowaciałastudentównapodstawiebadańciągłychprzeprowadzonychwjednejzuczelniwrocławskich.Rozprawadoktorska1976,UniwersytetWrocławski,WydziałNaukPrzyrodniczych.
  3. HulanickaB.,KotlarzK.:Ostatecznawysokośćciała.Przegl.Antrop.1983,49(1/2),15-25.
  4. TannerJ.M.:Growthatadolescence.London1962.

SUMMARY

Theaimofthestudyisanattempttodeterminetheageatwhichthereisatransitionfrompubertalspurtphasetogrowthphaseaswellastodeterminetheageatwhichthegrowingprocessesend.ThematerialfortheresearchmakesupchildrenandstudentsfromWroclaw(1457maleand1344female)from13to24yearslive.Theresearchwasconductedinsemilongitudinalway.Thefollowingsomatometrictraitswereanalyzed:bodyheight,trunklength,lowerlimblength,shoulderwidth,pelviswidth,thoraxwidthandbodymass.Thelengthofgrowthphasewasanalyzedonthebasisofgrowthrateoftheanalyzedtraits.Therewasestimatedthesignificanceofdifferencesbetweenthegrowthduringthefollowingyearsofstudiesbymeansoft-Studenttest.Theageatwhichstatisticallyinsignificantdifferencesbetweenthefollowingstagesofgrowthtookplacewasadoptedasthebeginningofthephase.Thelackofprogressinthegrowingprocessdeterminedtheendofthephase.Withmenlongitudinaltraitsenterthephaseaboutayearearliercomparedwiththediameters.Withmenthesequenceisreverse.Dimorphicvarietyinthelengthofgrowthphaseisrevealedbythefactthatthephaselastslongerwithmenincasesofthemajorityofexaminedtraits,anddifferentsequenceoftraitsthatenterthegrowingprocess.

STRESZCZENIE

Celempracyjestpróbaokreśleniawieku,wktórymnastępujeprzejściezfazyskokupokwitaniowegodofazydorastaniaorazwiekuzakończeniafazydorastania.MateriałdobadaństanowiłydzieciistudencizWrocławiu(1457płcimęskieji1344płciżeńskiej)wwiekuod13do24rokużycia.Badaniaprzeprowadzonezostaływsposóbsemilongitudinalny.Analizowanonastępującecechysomatometryczne:wysokośćciała,długośćtułowia,długośćkończyndolnych,szerokośćbarkowa,szerokośćmiednicy,szerokośćklatkipiersiowejimasęciała.Długośćfazydorastaniaanalizowanonapodstawietempawzrastaniaanalizowanychcech.Ocenionezostałyistotnościróżnicmiędzyprzyrostamiwkolejnychlatachbadańzapomocątestut-Studenta.Zapoczątekfazyprzyjętowiek,wktórymwystąpiłynieistotnestatystycznieróżnicepomiędzykolejnymiprzyrostami.Zakończeniefazydorastaniaokreślałbrakprzyrostów.Umężczyznookoło1rokwcześniejwchodząwtefazęcechylongitudinalne.Zróżnicowaniedymorficznewdługościfazydorastaniaujawniasiędłuższymczasemtrwaniatejfazyupłcimęskiejwwiększościbadanychcech,atakżeinnąkolejnościącechwstępującychwdorastanie.

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