Vocabulary Terms 6
Vocabulary Terms 6
- Mayor Council—Type of city government with an all elected leadership---Council passes city ordinances while the mayor carries out those laws.
- Council Manager—Type of city government with an elected council who makes law and a hired official who carries out those policies.
- Zoning Boards—Local group of officials who make determinations about what types of buildings and the uses of buildings that are allowed in certain areas.
- Property Taxes—Most important local tax source---based on a person’s belongings and is a very stable form of taxes.
- Civil Law—Laws that are based on agreements and conflicts between individuals.
- Habeas Corpus—Right of Americans to be released if they are not formally charged with a crime after being detained by police.
- Bills of Attainder—Type of law that would punish a person without a trial----these types of laws are illegal according to the constitution.
- Ex Post Facto Laws—Type of law that might try to punish someone for an act in past that is now considered illegal---these laws are also illegal under our Constitution.
- Negligence—Term explaining the idea that an accident was caused by the careless actions of another person.
- Injunction—Court order to stop an action.
- Penal Code—Legal term for the laws (statutes) passed by our government.
- Larceny—Legal term for taking the property of another person.
- Fraud—Legal term for taking someone’s property or money through false statements or trickery.
- Embezzlement—Legal term for how a person steals from their employer.
- Rehabilitation—Idea that punishments are used in order to help someone be a better citizen.
- Mandatory Sentencing—Laws that require that judges impose certain sentences in certain situations.
- Preliminary Hearing—Initial court appearance when a person is told the initial charges and their bail is set.
- Indictment—Formal process of a grand jury finding that enough evidence exists to take a defendant to court.
- Arraignment—Court hearing when a defendant issues their plea of guilty or not-guilty.
- Plea Bargaining—Process where a defendant agrees to plead guilty in order to receive a lighter punishment.
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- Prosecution—Legal term for the people who represent the government in a criminal case.
- Cross Examination—Term that refers to the questioning of a witness by the attorney on the opposing side with the intent of discrediting that witnesses testimony.
- Juveniles—People who are not yet of age to be considered an adult.
- Scarcity—Idea that there is not enough of a product for everyone to have and this fact causes goods to have a price that determines who is willing to pay for that product.
- Price—Value assigned to a product according to the forces of supply and demand for that product.
- Law of Supply—Economic idea that suppliers will supply more of a product as the price for that product increases.
- Law of Demand—Economic idea that buyers will demand more of a product as price decreases.
- Market Price—Point where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect, creating the value of a product.
- Shortages—Situation when demand is greater than the supply of a product---price will usually increase.
- Surplus—Situation when supply is greater than demand---price will usually decrease.
- Diminishing Utility—Idea that a person’s demand for a product will reach a maximum no matter the price.
- Diminishing Return—Idea that a supplier will reach a point when increased production will not increase profits.
- Productivity—Economic term for the amount of work produced in a given amount of time.—Increased productivity causes prices to decrease and fights inflation.
- Comparative Advantage—Term describing the situation when one nation produces a product better or cheaper than other nations.
- Division of Labor—Idea of dividing labor into individual tasks in order to increase productivity.
- Economies of Scale—Economic idea that a larger business can operate at a more efficient rate because of its bulk. Same concept applies when buying items in large quantities.
- Opportunity Cost—Economic idea that a person loses the chance to do something when you make a choice.
- Trade Off—Economic idea that you deliberately make a decision and do so knowing the other options would be lost.
- Factors of Production—Land, Labor, Resources, Management
- Capital—Money used to start or run a business.