Name______Class______Date______
SECTION 3-1 REVIEW
CARBON COMPOUNDS
VOCABULARY REVIEWDefine the following terms and provide one example for each.
1.organic compound ______
______
2.functional group ______
______
3.alcohol ______
______
4.monomer ______
______
5.polymer ______
______
MULTIPLE CHOICEWrite the correct letter in the blank.
_____1.Organic compounds contain
a.carbon and usually other elements.c.only carbon.
b.many kinds of elements d.only carbon and except carbon. hydrogen.
_____2.The number of covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other atoms is
a.1.b.2.c.4.d.8.
_____3.A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons is called a
a.single bond.b.double bond.c.triple bond.d.quadruple
bond.
_____4.The breakdown of a polymer involves
a.hydrolysis.c.the breaking of
hydrogen bonds.
b.a condensation reaction. d. the breaking of ionic bonds.
_____5.ATP releases energy when
a.it undergoes a condensationc.a phosphate group is reaction. added to it.
b.a hydroxyl group is d.a phosphate group is
added to it.removed from it.
SHORT ANSWERAnswer the questions in the space provided.
1.Give an example of how a functional group can affect the properties of an organic compound.
______
______
2.Arrange the following in order of size, from smallest to largest: polymer, monomer, carbon atom, macromolecule.
3.Explain how a water molecule is produced when glucose and fructose undergo a condensation reaction.
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4.What are the products of the hydrolysis of ATP? What else is released during this reaction?
______
______
5.Critical Thinking How would the variety of organic compounds be different if carbon had seven electrons in its outermost energy level instead of four?
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______
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONSUse the figure to answer the following questions.
The formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose is represented by the chemical reaction shown below. Notice that this reaction can proceed in either direction.
1.What are the reactants and products of the forward (left-to-right) reaction?___
______
2.Is the forward reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis?______
______
3.What are the reactants and products of the reverse (right-to-left) reaction?____
______
4.Is the reverse reaction a condensation reaction or hydrolysis?______
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology1Carbon Compounds
Name______Class______Date______
SECTION 3-2 REVIEW
MOLECULES OF LIFE
VOCABULARY REVIEWDistinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms.
1.monosaccharide, polysaccharide ______
______
2.amino acid, protein ______
______
3.nucleotide, nucleic acid ______
______
MULTIPLE CHOICEWrite the correct letter in the blank.
_____1.Glycogen, starch, and cellulose are
a.monosaccharides.b.disaccharides.c.polysaccharides.d.simple sugars.
_____2.The different shapes and functions of different proteins are determined by
a.the R groups of the amino acidsc.the carboxyl groups of the they contain. amino acids they contain.
b.the amino groups of the aminod.whether or not they contain acids they contain. any amino acids.
_____3.Most enzymes
a.are changed by the reactionsc.strengthen the chemical
they catalyze.bonds in their substrate.
b.increase the activation energyd.are sensitive to changes in of the reactions they catalyze. temperature or pH.
_____4.The large numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds in lipids
a.make lipids polar.c.allow lipids to dissolve in water.
- store more energy than the carbon-d.are found in the carboxyl
oxygen bonds in other organicgroup at the end of the compounds lipid.
_____5.The most important function of nucleic acids is
a.catalyzing chemical reactions.c.storing energy.
b.forming a barrier between thed.storing information related inside and outside of a cell. to heredity and protein
synthesis.
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1.What are the storage and quick-energy forms of carbohydrates found in animals, and how are these forms structurally related to each other?
______
______
2.How many different kinds of monomers are there in starch?______
How many different kinds of monomers are there in proteins?______
3.What compound composes most of the cell membrane?______
How is this compound suited to the function of the membrane?______
______
______
4.Steroids are made up of what type of molecule?______
Give two examples of steroids.______
5.Critical Thinking Insects that live on land have a coating of wax on the outer surface of their body. What function might the wax serve for these animals?
______
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONSLabel each part of the figure in the spaces provided.
The diagram below shows the interaction of an enzyme and its substrate during a chemical reaction.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology1Molecules of Life