Vocabulary Chapter 7 and 8 - Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonding
Part A
1. Bonding - study of how atoms (elements) will stick together to form various compounds
2. Atom - basic building block of matter
3. Element - Specific kind of atom with unique properties, a symbol, and a name
4. Proton - a subatomic particle with a positive charge with a mass of 1 amu found in the nucleus of an atom
5. Neutron - a subatomic particle with a neutral charge with a mass of 1 amu found in the nucleus of an atom
6. Electron - a subatomic particle with a negative charge found outside of the nucleus.
7. Properties - characteristics of matter such as color or hardness
8. Chemistry – The study of matter and how matter changes
9. Ion–an element or compound with a charge that is not zero. (0)
10. Valence electron–electron found at the outermost energy level
11. Energy level - Specific location around the nucleus where electrons exist
12. Group - vertical column of the periodic table; represents valence electrons (group A)
13. Period - horizontal row of the periodic table; represents energy levels.
14. Lewis dot structure - Abbreviated diagram of an atom showing only the valence electrons
15. Octet rule - atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to obtain the electron structure of a noble gas – usually eight electrons (oct=8)
16. Noble gas – Family on the periodic table (group 8) that has full octet
17. Oct – prefix that represents the number 8
18. Stable - condition where change is not likely
19. Easiest path – path that requires the least amount of effort
20. Subatomic particle - individual part of the atom – protons, neutrons, electrons
21. Positive charge - Positive electrical charge
22. Negative charge - Negative electrical charge
23. Neutral charge - Neutral or zero electrical charge
24. Attract - force to cause approach, adhesion, or unification
25. Repel - stay away from
26. Lawn mower – engine powered circular blade with the purpose of shortening the length of grass.
27. Family–group of elements on the periodic table with similar properties
28. Cation – element with a positive charge
29. Anion – element with a negative charge
30. Metal – Element on the periodic table left of the metalloid line; shiny luster and malleable
31. Non-metal – Element on the periodic table right of the metalloid line; dull luster and brittle
32. Salt – Compound that is formed by a metal and a non-metal
33. Metalloid line – line on the periodic table that separates the metals from the non-metals
34. Overall charge - the charge on an element that is determined by adding positive and negative charges of its component parts
Part B
13. Bond – Force of attraction that holds 2 or more atoms together
31. Ionic bond - force of attraction that holds ions together due to opposite charges
32. Ionic compound – compound formed when 2 ions bond together
34. Superscript - A number that is written above and to the right of a character.
35. Subscript - A number that is written below and to the right of a character.
36. Tree – living organism with a wooden trunk and branches containing leaves.
37. Criss Cross method – method for combining ions to determine the formula of a compound
38. Binary compound – Compounds that contain 2 parts.
39. Formula - written expression of a compound, using element symbols, that tells which atoms are present
Part C
- Covalent bond - A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms – usually non-metals.
- Lone pair electrons - valence electrons that are paired.
- Unpaired electrons – valence electrons that are not paired
- Single bond - Covalent bond when 2 electrons are shared
- Double bond - Covalent bond when 4 electrons are shared
- Triple bond - Covalent bond when 6 electrons are shared
- Stick - part of a diagram that indicates 1 covalent bond (one covalent bond is equal to 2 electrons)
- Stick drawing - a diagram of covalent bonds
Part D
45. Metallic bond - bond between 2 or more metals
46. Alloy – Mixture of 2 or more metals
47. Stainless steel – Alloy containing Iron, Cromium, Carbon, and Nickel
48. Bronze – Alloy containing Copper and Tin
50. Malleable - capable of being extended or shaped by hammering or by pressure from rollers
51. Ductile - capable of being drawn out into wire or threads