Vocab-Chapter 11, Sections 1-4

Vocab-Chapter 11, Sections 1-4

11.1

1. Expressed powers- powers granted to Congress in specific wording from the Constitution.

2. Implied Powers-Powers given to Congress by reasonable deduction

3. Inherent Powers-powers presumed to been given to the national government by the Constitution

4. Strict Constitutionists- believed that Congress should only be able to exercise powers absolutely necessary and the powers directly expressed in the Constitution.

5. Liberal Constitutionists- favored broad interpretation of the Constitution and more powers given to Congress. Believed in “energetic government”

6. Consensus- General agreement

11-2

1. Tax-a charge levied by government on persons or property to raise money to meet public need

2. Direct Tax- a tax paid directly to the government by the person on whom it is imposed.

3. Indirect Tax- a tax paid by one person but then passed on to another. Usually ends up being paid by second person

4. Deficit Financing- The government spending more then it makes in a year.

5. Public Debt- all the money borrowed from the government over the years and is not yet repaid.

6. Commerce Power- power of Congress to regulate interstate and foreign trade.

7. Legal Tender- Any kind of money that a creditor must by law accept in payment for debts.

8. Bankruptcy- A legal proceeding where all the bankrupt’s assets, however much or little, are distributed among those to whom a debt is owed.

11.3

1. Naturalization- The process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another.

2. Copyright- The exclusive right of an author to reproduce, publish, and sell his or her creative work.

3. Patent- grants a person the sole right to manufacture, use, or sell “any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof.”

4. Eminent Domain- The inherent power to take private property for public use.

11.4

1. Appropriate- when Congress assigns monies to a specific use

2. Necessary and Proper Clause- gives Congress power to make all laws which are necessary to execute all other stated powers.

3. Doctrine- A principle or fundamental policy

11.5

1. Successor- a replacement given by the President in regards to the Vice-President

2. Impeach- To formally accuse any Civil Officer of wrongdoing

3. Acquit- found not guilty in a court of law.

Perjury- Lying under oath

Subpoena- a legal order directing one to appear in court and/or to produce certain evidence.

Chapter 11 Outline: Political Parties and Political Action

I. The Two Party System

A. Public Policy

1. How policy will be developed affects who will be elected

2. Political Parties aim to influence public policy

B. A Political Party can be looked at

1. As an organization

2. The party’s relationship with the electorate

3. the party’s role in government

C. Common functions of a political party

1. nominating candidates who can develop public policy

2. running successful campaigns

3. developing a positive image

4. raising money

5. articulating issues during the campaign so that the electorate can identify with one candidate

6. coordinating in the government the policies they supported during the campaign

7. If not elected, being a watchdog

II. History

A. The Federalists v. The Democratic Republicans

1. First election with two parties 1796. John Adams defeated Jefferson

2. With the help of Madison, Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800.

3. In 1828, the Democratic Republicans spilt into the Whigs led by Clay and Webster and the Democrats led by Andrew Jackson.

B. Four Periods of Party Politics

1. (1828- 1860)- Democrats Dominate

2. (1860-1932)- Republican Era

3. (1932-1968) – New Deal and Democrats

4. (1968-present)- Divided Government

C. Grand Old Party

1. The Republican Party

2. Abraham Lincoln the first Republican President

3. Democrats were and older party

4. The Republicans had the Whigs

5. Populist Party- third Party

6. Reform movement ended when the US entered WWI

D. Party Realignment

1. The shift in party loyalty occurred in 1932

2. Roosevelt’s New Deal

3. The growth of social programs became part of the Democratic Platform

E. The Vietnam War

1. Brought the Republicans back to power

2. Have been unable to control Congress-divided government

3. Rise of the Religious Right during Clinton’s term

III. Third Parties

A. Have played a major role in affecting elections

1. Have little chance of actually winning the election

2. Ideological, single-issue oriented, economically motivated, and personality driven.

B. Populist Party

1. Supported William Jennings Bryan’s free silver movement

2. Their reforms included initiative, referendum, and recall were adopted.

C. The Bull Moose Party

1. Played political spoiler in 1912

2. Faded after their presidential candidates were defeated

3. similar to the fate of the Progressive Party and the Prohibition Party

D. Modern Third Party

1. Has revolved around a political leader who couldn’t get nominated within his own party

2. Ross Perot- most well known

IV. Party Realignment

A. The shift to a more neutral and ideological view of party identification

B. Example: shift of southern Democrats to the Republican Party because it’s considered more conservative

C. Party Platform will show the ideological differences between the parties

V. Organization

A. Hierarchical

B. National Convention

1. Publicizes the party’s position

2. Highly scripted now days

3. made up of a combination of state and national party leaders

4. Chairperson

VI. Future

A. Voter turnout is down

B. Unconventional participation- involves protest and civil disobedience

C. Independents and moderates are on the rise. Less people identify with one party

D. Highly unlikely the two-party system will disappear