Visual Core Description for RC27-1

SHELF – 100m

Visual Core Description for RC27-1

Date described: 30 Jul 1987 Described by: J. Fairclough 0-67 cm: WASHOUT - PISTON EFFECT 67-103 cm: TERRIGENOUS MUD . (Clay), olive gray (5Y3/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content low. Coarse fraction 1-5%, consisting of dominant mica. less common glauconite, rare quartz, foraifera, foraminiferal fragment and dark minerals, and trace sponge spicules, pteropod fragments and organic fibers. Basal contact is marked by beginning of piston effect interval. 103-253.5 cm: WASHOUT - PISTON EFFECT 253.5-544.5 cm: TERRIGENOUS SANDY MUD [Sandy clay], olive gray (5Y3.5/1.5], moist and firm. Carbonate content low. Coarse fraction 20%, consisting ol dominant mica, less common quartz and glauconite, and trace foraminifera, foraminiferalIragment, dark minerals, organic fibers and sponge spicules. ROBERT D. CONRAD 27-01 TW Date described: 06 Aug 1991 Described by: T. Bray 0 to 8 cm FORAMINIFERAL (RADIOLARIAN) OOZE [Foraminiferal ooze]; Pale yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown (10YR5/2). Minor mottlings. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is high. The coarse fraction 14 % consists of abundant foraminifera and their fragments, common amounts of radiolaria, rare amounts of diatoms and trace amounts of mica, spicules, fish teeth, and insect fragments. The basal contact is a gradual color change. 8 to 20 cm CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL (NONBIOGENIC CALCAREOUS) OOZE [Chalk]; Dark yellowish brown (10YR4/2). Minor mottling. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is high. the coarse fraction 8 % consists of abundant foraminifera, their fragments and radiolaria, common amounts of micrite, rare amounts of diatoms, spicules, and pyrite concretions. The basal contact is a gradual color change. 20 to 33 cm NONBIOGENIC CALCAREOUS (CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL) MATERIAL [Chalk]; Light olive-gray to medium olive-gray (5Y5/1). Slight mottling. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is high. The coarse fraction 11 % consists of abundant amounts of foraminifera and their fragments, common amounts of radiolaria, rare amounts of diatoms, and trace amounts of mica and insect fragments. The basal contact is rapid and distinctive color change. 33 to 44 cm BIOCALCAREOUS (TERRIGENOUS) MATERIAL [Chalk]; Olive-gray (5Y3/2). Minor mottling. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is high. The coarse fraction 8 % consists of abundant foraminifera, and their fragments, common amounts of micrite and radiolaria, rare amounts of diatoms. The basal contact distinct color change. 44 to 47.5 cm CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL (TERRIGENOUS) OOZE [Marl]; Moderateyellowish brown to dark yellowish brown (1 OYR4.5/3). Minor mottling. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is moderate.The coarse fraction 21 % consists of abundant foraminifera and their fragments, common amounts of radiolaria and micrite, rare amounts of diatoms and sponge spicules, trace amounts of pyrite concretions. The basal contact is a gradual but distinct color change. 47.5 to 53.5 cm BIOCALCAREOUS (FORAMINIFERAL ) MATERIAL [Chalk]; Moderate yellowish brown to pale yellowish brown (10YR5.5/3). Minor mottling. Moist and firm. Carbonate content is high. The coarse fraction 22 % consists of abundant amounts of foraminifera and their fragments, common amounts of micrite and radiolaria, rare amounts of sponge spicules and diatoms._

SLOPE - 1300m

Visual Core Description for VM7-70

Date described: 4 October 1966 Described by: R.Meijer Note: Description of a dry core. 0-160 cm: Brown sandy clay light gray (N7) grading downward to pale yellowish brown (10YR6/2), brittle but non-compact. Homogeneous throughout. Worm burrow present in top 30 cm. Sand fraction (approximately 40%) is composed primarily of sub-angular, equigranular quartz grains. Micaceous mineral, green micronodules and juvenile foraminifera (Globigerina) also present in minor amount. High carbonate content. Manganese slight positive. Basal contact is sharp. 160-165 cm: Red sandy clay, moderate orange pink (10R7/4), non-compact. No visible structure. High carbonate content. Manganese moderate positive. Sand fraction (approximately 20%) is composed primarily of rounded to sub-angular quartz grains (red stain); some quartz and quartzite grains (up to 0.5 mm) are significantly larger than general sand fraction. Some type of fiber is present which intertwines and retains part of the sand. Lower boundary is slightly gradational yet still distinct. 165-560 cm: Brown sandy clay pale yellowish brown (10YR6/2) to light olive gray (5Y6/1), consolidated and brittle. Homogeneous throughout. No apparent structure. Carbonate content is moderate to high. Manganese test negative. 320 cm: sand fraction,approximately 40%, is composed of a fine quartz sand, sub-rounded to sub-angular. Some coarse sand grains present. 1% opaque mineral, one quartz grain 3x3x3 mm; 460 cm: sand fraction,approximately 60% is composed of sub angular to sub-rounded quartz grains (fine sand), slightly higher percentage of opaques than sample above. Pebbles up to 10x5x3 mm present--mica schist, quartzite, labradorite, quartz, and hornblende.A few foraminifera present. Large pebbles are present at: 200 cm - 35x20x10 mm 260 cm - 15x5 x ?mm 345 cm - 50x30?x10 mm 380 cm - 10x10x ? mm No lower boundary. Trigger Weight Date Described: 29 July 1968 Described by: R. Krauser 0-23 cm: Sandy clay, pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2), dry, hard and apparently homogeneous. Carbonate content low.. Coarse fraction about 15% , consisting of quartz (dominant), glauconite, mica, and planktonic foraminifera. Quartz is fine to medium sand sized and often sub-angular to sub-rounded.

RISE – 3900 m

Visual Core Description for RC22-9

Date described: 14 November 1979 Described by: R. J. Failla 0-16 cm: FORAMINIFERAL SAND Disturbed mixture of [clay] and [foram sand], pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2), moist and firm, Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction of [clay] 15%, consisting of abundant for aminifera and foraminifera! fragments, common shell fragments, quartz and sedimentary rock fragments, rare dark minerals and trace glauconite. Coarse fraction of [foram sand] 90%, consisting of abundant foraminifera, foram fragments and quartz, common shell fragments, rare sponge spicules and trace sedimentary rock fragments, dark minerals and glauconite. Basal contact a gradational color and textural change. 16-200 cm: TERRIGENOUS MUD WITH TERRIGENOUS (FORAM) MUD Interbedded [foram clay] and [silty clay], rhythmic bands of moderate brown (5 YR 4/4), dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2) and moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4), moist and firm. Carbonate content low. Coarse fraction of [foram clay] 10%, consisting of abundant foraminifera, common quartz and foram fragments, and rare sedimentary rock fragments and glauconite.Coarse fraction of [silty clay] 10-15%, consisting of abundant quartz and dark minerals, common sedimentary rock fragments, forams and foram fragments, and rare glauconite. Basal contact a gradational color and textural change. 200-204 cm: FORAMINIFERAL SAND [Foram sand], pale yellow brown (10 YR 6/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content moderate to high. Coarse fraction 80%, similar to [foram sand] in unit from 1-16cms. Basal contact a sharp color and textural change. 204-448 cm: TERRIGENOUS MUD Interbedded [clay] and [silty clay], rhythmic bands of moderate brown (5 YR 4/4) to light brown (5 YR 5/6) to dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content low. Coarse fraction of [clay] >1%, consisting of abundant quartz, common foram fragments and dark minerals, rare forams and mica, and trace glauconite.Coarse fraction of [silty clay] 1-5%, otherwise similar to [silty clay] unit from 16-200cms. Basal contact a gradational color change. 448-495 cm: TERRIGENOUS MUD Disturbed mixture of [silt] and [clay], dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content low to moderate. Coarse fraction of [silt] 40%, consisting of abundant quartz and dark minerals, common foram fragments, rare forams, and trace mica, sponge spicules and glauconite, Coarse fraction of [clay] 10%, otherwise similar to [clay] unit from 204-448cms. Basal contact a sharp color change. 495-583 cm: TERRIGENOUS MUD Interbedded [clay] and [silty clay], rhythmic bands of moderate brown (5 YR 4/4) to dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content low to moderate. Coarse fraction of [clay] 10-20%, similar to [clay] unit from 204-448cms Coarse fraction of [silty clay] 30%, otherwise similar to [silty clay] unit from 204-448cms. CONRAD 22-09 TW Date described: 14 November 1979 Described by: R.J. Failla 0-13 cm FORAMINIFERAL SAND [Sand], light brown (5 YR 6/4), moist and firm. Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction 80%, consisting of abundant foraminifera and foram fragments, common shell fragments and quartz, rare dark minerals and mica, and trace echinoid spines and sedimentary rock fragments. Basal contact a gradational color and textural change. 13-63 cm TERRIGENOUS MUD WITH FORAMINIFERAL MUD [Clay] laminated with [foraminifera! silty clay], moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) to dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content low to moderate. Coarse fraction of [clay] 15%, consisting of abundant quartz, common dark minerals and sedimentary rock fragments, rare forams and foram fragments, and trace sponge spicules, shell fragments and glauconite. Coarse fraction of [foramsilty clay] 30-40%, consisting of abundant foraminifera and foram fragments, common shell fragments and quartz, rare dark minerals and trace sedimentary rock fragments and glauconite. NOTE: Trigger weight and piston core have good color and textural correlation._

ABYSSAL PLAIN 5900m

Visual Core Description for VM26-155

Date described: 26 August 1969 Described by: J. Daubenspeck GENERAL: Core is composed entirely of clay with inorganic elements of very rare mica, quartz and palagonite and having a bio element of very rare foraminifera frag ments. Zonal changes are due to texture, from soupy to firm,and color. Compo sition of the core is very uniform throughout. 0-10 cm: Clay, dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2), moist, soft and smooth. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction less than 1%, con sisting of very rare amounts of quartz, mica and palagonite. Bio-element consists of extremely rare foraminifera fragments. Basal contact gradational in color. 10-61 cm: Clay, between pale and dark yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2 and 10 YR 4/2), moist, soft, smooth and lightly burrowed. Car bonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone.Basal contact gradational in color. 61-253 cm: Clay, between light olive gray and olive gray (5 Y 6/1 and 5 Y 4/1), moist, soft to soupy, smooth and disturbed. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to 0-10 cm zone.Basal contact moderately sharp in color. 253-274 cm: Clay, between pale and dark yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2 and 10 YR 4/2), moist, firm and smooth. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone.Basal contact sharp in color. 274-342 cm: Clay, between dark yellowish brown and olive gray ( 10 YR 4/2 and 5 Y 4/1 ), moist, soft and smooth. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone.Basal contact sharp in color. 342-396 cm.: Clay, between pale yellowish brown and pale brown ( 10 YR 6/2 and 5 YR 5/2 ) at the top, becoming olive gray (5 Y 4/1) at the bottom. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction about 3%; composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone, except mica is common at the bottom of this zone.Basal contact sharp in color. 396-524 cm: Clay, between pale and dark yellowish brown ( 10 YR 6/2 and 10 YR 4/2 ), in the top and bottom portions of the zone and between moderate and dark yellowish brown ( 10 YR 5/4 and 10 YR 4/2 ) in the center portion. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone.Basal contact gradational in color. 524-545 cm: Clay, between dark yellowish brown and olive gray (10 YR 4/2 and 5 Y 4/1), moist, firm and smooth. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 342-396 cm zone.Basal contact sharp in color but disturbed. 545-683 cm: Clay, alternating layers with colors of dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2) and between pale and dark yellowish brown ( 10 YR 6/2 and 10 YR 4/2), moist, firm and smooth. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction and com position similar to the 0-10 cm zone. Basal contact gradational in color. 583-758cm: Clay, olive gray (5 Y 4/1) at the top and bottom portions of the zone and between light olive gray and olive gray ( 5 Y 6/1 and 5 Y 4/1 ) in the center portion . Carbonate content very low. Coarse fraction and composition similar to the 0-10 cm zone. Trigger Weight Date described: 26 August 1969 Described by: J. Daubenspeck 0-43 cm: Clay, dark yellowish brown (10 YR 4/2) at the top, changing gradationally to between dark yellowish brown and olive gray (10 YR 4/2 and 5 Y 4/1), at the bottom, moist, firm, smooth and very lightly burrowed. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction nil. Note: Trigger core similar to piston core._

RIDGE FLANK – 2000m

Visual Core Description for VM30-92

Date described: 19 March 1974 Described by: C. Perissoratis GENERAL: Interbeddedforaminiferal ooze, foraminiferal marl ooze and foraminiferal chalk ooze. Sediment is moist, firm, burrowed and locally unconsolidated, interbedded and interlaminated. Coarse fraction high to very high. Biogenic elements are planktonic and benthonic foraminifera, sponge spicules, echinoid spines, pteropods, diatoms and Radiolaria. Inorganic elements are quartz and mica. Authigenic elements are manganese micronodules. 0-80 cm: Foraminiferal ooze grading into foraminiferal marl ooze, pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2) to grayish orange pink (5 YR 7/2, moist, firm and slightly burrowed. Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction about 80%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare quartz, Radiolaria, benthonic foraminifera, sponge spicules, echinoid spines and manganese micronodules. Basal contact a sharp change in composition. 80-84 cm: Foraminiferal ooze, grayish orange pink (5 YR 7/2) to grayish orange (10 YR 7/4), moist, firm and unconsolidated. Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction about 90%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare benthonic foraminifera, sponge spicules, echinoid spines, quartz, mica, diatoms and Radiolaria. Basal contact a sharp change in composition. 84-125 cm: Foraminiferal marl ooze grading locally into foraminiferal ooze, pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2) to grayish orange pink (5 YR 7/2), moist, firm and slightly burrowed. Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction about 40-50%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, r e benthonic foraminifera, manganese micro nodules, sponge spicules, quartz and mica. Basal contact a sharp change in color. 125-232 cm: Foraminiferal chalk ooze, white (N9) to bluish white (5 B 9/1), moist, firm and compact. Carbonate content very high. Coarse fraction about 60-70%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare quartz, benthonic foraminifera, pteropods, echinoid spines, sponge spicules and diatom. Basal contact a sharp change in color and texture. 232-269 cm: Foraminiferal marl ooze, grayish orange pink (5 YR 7/2) to grayish orange (10 YR 7/4), moist, firm and locally laminated. Carbonate content high to very high. Coarse fraction about 60%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare benthonic foraminifera, diatoms, sponge spicules, echinoid spines, quartz, mica and manganese micronodules. Basal contact a sharp change in composition. 269-292 cm: Foraminiferal chalk ooze, similar in all aspects to zone between 125-232 cm. Basal contact a sharp change in color. 292-563 cm: Interbeddedforaminiferal marl ooze and foraminiferal chalk ooze, grayish orange pink (5 YR 7/2) to very pale orange (10 YR /2), moist, firm and interbedded. Carbonate content high to very high. Coarse fraction about 50%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare diatoms, benthonic foraminifera, sponge spicules, echinoid spines, quartz and mica. Zone locally exhibits flow structures. Basal contact a sharp change in texture. 563-899 cm: Interlaminated foraminifera chalk ooze and foraminiferal marl ooze, very pale orange (10 YR 8/2) to grayish orange pink (10 YR 8/2), moist, firm and laminated. Carbonate content and coarse fraction similar to zone between 292-563 cm. Sediment is locally folded. Trigger Weight Date described: 28 March 1974 Described by: C. Perissoratis 0-55 cm Foraminiferal ooze, moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4) to pale brown (5 YR 5/2), moist and firm. Carbonate content high. Coarse fraction about 80-90%, consisting of abundant planktonic foraminifera, rare benthonic foraminifera, echinoid spines, sponge spicules.quartz, mica, dark minerals and pteropods. NOTE: Trigger core is generally similar to the top of the piston core._

RIDGE CREST – 1500m

Visual Core Description for VM22-224

Date described: 10 April 1968 Described by: F. Maurrasse 0-54 cm: Breccia, grayish orange (10YR7/4) to olive black (5Y2/1), moist and very crumbly. Carbonate content high throughout. Coarse fraction 60% to 95%, contains mainly high angular obsidian and quartz fragments, increasing toward the bottom. Biogenous constituents comprise about 40% of the sediment at the top and 10% at bottom. Planktonic foraminifera dominate throughout and some benthonic foraminifera occur scattered from 18 cm. In addition, pteropods and sponge spicules are also common, whereas Radiolaria and diatoms are very rare. Neither paper nor pipe were labeled Top-Bottom. Have assumed that most compact breccia (which probably stopped penetration) was bottom of core. Shipboard log denotes method of extrusion poured from bottom. Trigger Weight Date described: 4 May 1971 Described by: D. Richardson 0-6.5 cm: Sandy marl, very pale orange (10 YR 7.5/2), speckled with black spots, hard, dry and homogeneous. Carbonate content moderate. Coarse fraction 20%, consisting of volcanic glass shards, benthonic and planktonic foraminifera (mainly small forms), quartz and various dark minerals. Basal contact a gradual color and textural change 6.5-18 cm: Sandy marl, very pale orange (10 YR 7/2), hard, dry and homogeneous. Carbonate content moderate. Coarse fraction 10%, consisting of volcanic glass shards, benthonic and planktonic foraminifera, quartz and various dark minerals._

ICE-RAFTED DETRITUS, N. ATLANTIC

Visual Core Description for VM28-16

Date described: 9 April 1971 Described by: R. Krauser 0-61 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/2) firm, moist and burrowed . Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction about 60%, consisting of quartz (dominant), basic rock fragments, feldspar, rare basic glass and rare sponge spicules. Basal contact a sharp change in texture and compaction. 61-62 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3.5/2.5), moist and slightly crumbly. Carbonate content nil. Coarse fraction about 50%, consisting of quartz (dominant ), basic rock fragments and rare sponge spicules. Basal contact a sharp change in color and texture. 62-70 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/2). Similar to zone at 0-61 cm. Basal contact a sharp change in color and texture. 70-73 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3.5/2.5). Similar to zone at 61-62 cm. Basal contact a sharp change in color and texture. 73-141 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3.5/2), firm, moist and apparently homogeneous. Carbonate content very low. Coarse fraction about 50%, consisting of quartz (dominant), planktonic foraminifera, and rare basic rock fragments. Basal contact a sharp color change. 141-146cm: Sandy clay, intermediate between dark gray (N3) and dark olive gray (5 Y 3/1) firm, moist and homogeneous. Carbonate content very low. Coarse fraction about 15%, consisting of quartz, rare basic rock fragments and rare planktonic foraminifera. Basal contact a sharp color change. 146-150 cm: Clayey sand, very dark yellowish.brown (10 YR 3/2). Similar to zone at 0-61 cm. Trigger Weight Date described: 27 July 1971 Described by: R. Baker 0-9 cm: Silty clay, between pale yellowish brown (10 YR 6/2) and moderate yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4), dry, crumbly, broken into chunks. Generally homogeneous and structureless. Carbonate content very low. Coarse fraction 5%, consisting primarily of abundant quartz and mafic mineral grains, occasional mica flakes and sponge spicules and rare benthonic foraminifera. NOTE: The trigger core and piston core compare well in lithology. The trigger core is too fragmented to correlate stratigraphically with the piston core._