Electronic Supplementary Materials
Table S1 Site description of flux towers used in this study
Site name / Country / Latitude (ºN) / Longitude (ºE) / Vegetation / MAT(ºC) / MAP(mm) / Year / CitationChangbaishang
(CBS) / China / 42.403 / 128.096 / Temperate deciduous mixed forest / 3.6 / 713 / 2003-
2004 / Zhang et al. 2006a
Yu et al. 2006
Qianyanzhou
(QYZ) / China / 26.750 / 115.063 / Sub-tropical planted evergreen needleleaf forest / 17.9 / 1485 / 2003-
2004 / Zhang et al. 2006b
Yu et al. 2006
Dinghushang
(DHS) / China / 23.167 / 112.533 / Evergreen broad-leaved forest / 21.0 / 1956 / 2003-
2004 / Sun et al. 2006
Yu et al. 2006
Tomakomai
(TMK) / Japan / 42.739 / 141.515 / Deciduous needleleaf forest / 6.7 / 1738 / 2001-
2003 / Hirata et al. 2007
Takayama
(TKY) / Japan / 36.146 / 137.423 / Deciduous broadleaf forest / 7.3 / 2200 / 2004-
2006 / Saigusa et al. 2005
Note: MAT,Mean Annual Temperature; MAP,Mean Annual Precipitation
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Table S2 Statistics for the comparison of GPP calculated using the MOD17 algorithm with tower-measured GPP (GPP_FLUX) at 5 study sites1
Site / Year / Mean annual values (g C m-2 (d)-1) / RE2 / R2 / RMSE ( g C m-2 (d)-1)GPP_FLUX / GPP_ MODIS / GPP_
REV1 / GPP_
REV2 / GPP_
REV3 / GPP_
REV4 / GPP_ MODIS / GPP_ REV1 / GPP_ REV2 / GPP_
REV3 / GPP_
REV4 / GPP_ MODIS / GPP_
REV1 / GPP_ REV2 / GPP_ REV3 / GPP_ REV4 / GPP_ MODIS / GPP_
REV1 / GPP_
REV2 / GPP_
REV3 / GPP_
REV4
CBS / 2003 / 4.02 / 1.12 / 1.54 / 1.59 / 3.16 / 3.47 / -72.16% / -61.69% / -60.35% / -21.28% / -13.62% / 0.91 / 0.83 / 0.88 / 0.88 / 0.98 / 3.98 / 3.40 / 3.29 / 1.62 / 0.90
2004 / 3.98 / 1.17 / 1.48 / 1.52 / 3.15 / 3.30 / -70.63% / -62.80% / -61.84% / -20.80% / -17.21% / 0.96 / 0.76 / 0.83 / 0.83 / 0.94 / 3.77 / 3.42 / 3.25 / 1.53 / 1.24
QYZ / 2003 / 4.65 / 3.07 / 2.45 / 2.48 / 3.71 / 4.02 / -34.04% / -47.35% / -46.67% / -20.21% / -13.56% / 0.72 / 0.84 / 0.87 / 0.87 / 0.93 / 1.99 / 2.32 / 2.27 / 1.41 / 1.13
2004 / 4.68 / 2.48 / 2.45 / 2.51 / 3.76 / 4.23 / -46.97% / -47.79% / -46.33% / -19.71% / -9.80% / 0.67 / 0.75 / 0.83 / 0.83 / 0.94 / 2.51 / 2.48 / 2.34 / 1.57 / 1.09
DHS / 2003 / 3.97 / 3.73 / 3.64 / 3.79 / 2.89 / 3.47 / -6.08% / -8.28% / -4.47% / -27.24% / -12.64% / 0.37 / 0.35 / 0.51 / 0.51 / 0.52 / 2.12 / 2.34 / 2.03 / 1.37 / 1.23
2004 / 3.86 / 3.22 / 3.35 / 3.51 / 2.95 / 3.42 / -16.52% / -13.16% / -9.01% / -23.48% / -11.24% / 0.19 / 0.34 / 0.56 / 0.56 / 0.51 / 1.70 / 1.81 / 1.31 / 1.12 / 1.08
TMK / 2001 / 4.17 / 1.51 / 1.97 / 2.10 / 3.43 / 4.13 / -63.89% / -52.87% / -49.73% / -17.83% / -1.08% / 0.6 / 0.69 / 0.94 / 0.94 / 0.96 / 4.49 / 3.66 / 2.78 / 1.30 / 0.89
2002 / 3.70 / 1.66 / 2.13 / 2.27 / 2.89 / 3.54 / -55.02% / -42.43% / -38.58% / -21.88% / -4.11% / 0.62 / 0.6 / 0.87 / 0.87 / 0.93 / 3.31 / 2.76 / 1.68 / 1.36 / 0.96
2003 / 4.59 / 1.59 / 2.29 / 2.38 / 3.68 / 4.60 / -65.25% / -50.09% / -48.01% / -19.73% / 2.03% / 0.68 / 0.73 / 0.95 / 0.95 / 0.97 / 4.80 / 3.69 / 2.82 / 1.15 / 0.88
TKY / 2004 / 2.16 / 1.91 / 2.38 / 2.43 / 1.97 / 2.14 / -11.45% / 10.28% / 12.74% / -8.85% / -0.65% / 0.51 / 0.75 / 0.84 / 0.84 / 0.87 / 1.78 / 1.32 / 1.19 / 1.07 / 0.88
2005 / 2.33 / 1.82 / 2.11 / 2.50 / 2.26 / 2.33 / -21.75% / -9.46% / 7.39% / -2.89% / 0.27% / 0.41 / 0.63 / 0.81 / 0.81 / 0.87 / 2.19 / 1.68 / 1.22 / 1.23 / 1.02
2006 / 2.50 / 1.74 / 2.24 / 2.31 / 2.09 / 2.51 / -30.48% / -10.55% / -7.52% / -16.38% / 0.44% / 0.5 / 0.6 / 0.8 / 0.8 / 0.83 / 2.26 / 1.87 / 1.29 / 1.27 / 1.17
1 GPP_FLUX is GPP derived from EC measurements. GPP_REV1 is GPP calculated using the MOD17 algorithm in conjunction with observed meteorological data, MODIS LAI and defaultεmax. GPP_REV2 is GPP calculated using the MOD17 algorithm, observed meteorological data,fPAR calculated using smoothed LAI, and default εmax. GPP_REV3 is GPP estimated using the MOD17 algorithm, observed meteorological data ,fPAR calculated using smoothed LAI, and the calibratedεmax. GPP_REV4 is GPP simulated by separatingcanopy into sunlit and shaded leaves, for each of them GPP was calculated using the MOD17 algorithm driven by observed meteorological data,fPAR calculated using smoothed LAI, and the calibratedεmax.
2 RE=(GPP_REVx-GPP_FLUX)/GPP_FLUX×100%, where GPP_REVx andGPP_FLUX are the calculated and measured GPP.
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Figure S1 Spatial distribution of simulated annual GPP in 2003.(a) GPP simulated using the MOD17 in conjunction with interpolated NCEP meteorological data, fPAR estimated using smoothed MODIS LAI, and default εmax(GPP_R_S1), (b) GPP simulated using the MOD17 algorithm in conjunction with interpolated NCEP meteorological data, fPAR estimated using smoothed MODIS LAI, and calibrated εmax (GPP_R_S2), (c) GPP simulated using the sunlit and shaded leaf separation approach in conjunction with interpolated NCEP meteorological data and fPAR estimated using smoothed MODIS LAI(GPP_R_S3) , (d) GPP_R_S3 minusGPP_R_S2.
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