Name: ______Class: ______
USH Fall Final Revieww/ answers
For each term or question, you need to know not only the definition, but also the historical significance. For example: cause/effect, impact, how, and why.
------Americanism ------
Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments of the US Constitution; guarantee individual rights
16th Amendment – allows the federal government to tax income
17th Amendment – allows for direct election of senators
18th Amendment – Prohibition; banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol
19th Amendment – women’s suffrage (voting rights)
checks & balances – system that allows each government branch to monitor and limit the powers of the other branches
------Industrialization & Gilded Age ------
Pros/Cons of Big Business –
nativist – intense nationalism for the US; against all immigration
laissez-faire – “hands off;” belief that the federal government should not interfere in the economy; based on supply and demand
Pendleton Act – passed to end the Spoils System; required government officials to pass competency tests in order to take office
Andrew Carnegie – captain of industry/robber baron; Carnegie Steel Company; philanthropist
labor union – groups formed to help unite workers; typically used collective bargaining to see changes made
------Urbanization & Westward Expansion ------
immigration – permanently moving to a new country
nativist – intense nationalism for the US; against all immigration
Plessy v. Ferguson – court case deciding that “separate but equal” was acceptable in educational settings
------Progressive Era ------
Populism– mostly farmers, opposed banks, railroads, fought against the gold standard
Progressive Movement – middle class, city dwellers led the charge for the wealth of big business to trickle down the common man
Muckrakers – journalists that investigated social conditions and political corruption
The Jungle – book written by Upton Sinclair, exposed the atrocities of the meat packing industry
recall – allows voters to remove an elected official from office if they are not representing their constituents properly
------American Imperialism ------
Spanish-American War – marked the US as a world super power; limited Spanish influence in the western hemisphere
Panama Canal – canal built through the thinnest part of Panama, allowing ships to pass through Panama rather than sailing all the way around the southern tip of South America
annexation of Hawaii – US overthrew the Hawaiian queen to annex Hawaii as the 50th state
Monroe Doctrine – America’s vow to police the Western Hemisphere from Western influence
------World War I ------
Selective Service Act – the draft, required men to put their name in a raffle for mandatory military service
Espionage Act – suspended freedom of speech during war times
Zimmermann Telegram/Note– intercepted telegram proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico
Battle of Argonne Forest – major win for the Allies on the Western front
Wilson’s 14 Points – President Wilson’s outline for peace following WWI, included the League of Nations (the US never joined)
Treaty of Versailles – treaty that ended World War I, blamed the war on Germany and placed heavy financial and geographical debts on Germany
Alvin York – most decorated WWI soldier, Medal of Honor recipient, fought in the Battle of Argonne Forest
Great Migration – movement of African Americans from the south to the cities of the north to fill jobs left by WWI soldiers
------Roaring 20s ------
prohibition–18th Amendment; banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol
Clarence Darrow –represented J. Scopes in his evolution vs. creation court case
William Jennings Bryan –represented the state in the J. Scopes evolution vs. creation court case
fundamentalism/traditionalism – Biblical teachings/modern ideas (evolution, survival of the fittest)
mass production – the ability for manufacturers to produce large quantities of goods; allowed for lower sales prices
Teapot Dome Scandal – government scandal that made many Americans distrust government officials
------Great Depression & New Deal ------
What caused the Great Depression? (4)decline in worldwide trade, over speculation in the stock market, bank failures, over production (agricultural)
How did Roosevelt respond to the depression?He took an active approach and used government resources to help those in need
Fireside Chats –weekly radio shows hosted by FDR; helped explain federal legislation in common terms for citizens
New Deal – FDR’s government plan to help jump start the economy; greatly expanded the role of the federal government in Americans daily lives
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) –protects consumers who invest their money with banks
How did Hoover respond to the depression?He did very little, believing that the economy would turn itself back around
What were the long-term effects of the Great Depression?Rise of dictators overseas
Social Security Act (SSA) – provide retirement income to the elderly
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – work program established in Tennessee to provide jobs and help improve the standard of living
------World War II ------
Causes of World War II – rise of dictators, failure of appeasement, German invasion of Poland
appeasement – giving in the satisfy or pacify an aggressor (Germany)
Lend-Lease Act – while the US remained neutral in WWII, we did send armaments to our allies (Great Britain) to help them in the war effort
Executive Order 9066 – allowed the military to move Japanese Americans to work camps during and following WWII
Office of War Information – government office responsible for producing posters and radio programs to encourage enlistment in the army and encourage the purchase of war bonds
Bataan Death March – following the Filipino defeat in the Philippines, soldiers were forced to march for miles to a prison camp; most died
Pearl Harbor – December 7, “a day which will live in infamy,” when the Japanese attacked a naval base in Hawaii
George Patton – Commander of American forced in Italy and N. Africa
Vernon Baker – first African American Congressional Medal of Honor recipient
Omar Bradley – Commander and Chief of the ground forces during the D-Day invasion
Douglas MacArthur – General in charge of the Pacific fleet