Unit 11, World War II/ Early Cold War

  1. The policy of Cash and Carry, the Destroyers forNaval Bases Deal, and the Lend-Lease Act wereall designed to
  2. contribute to the success of the Axis powers
  3. relieve unemployment caused by the GreatDepression
  4. guarantee a third term to President FranklinRoosevelt
  5. aid the Allies without involving the UnitedStates in war
  1. This World War II cartoon was used to encourage Americans to

A.buy war bonds

B.conserve natural resources

C.serve in the armed forces

D.work in war industries

  1. The post–World War II trials held by the Alliedpowers in Nuremberg, Germany, and in Japan setan international precedent by
  2. placing blame only on civilian leaders
  3. forcing nations to pay for war damages
  4. returning conquered territories to theirpeoples
  5. holding individuals accountable for their war crimes
  1. In Korematsu v. United States (1944), the Supreme Court said that the removal of Japanese Americans from their homes was constitutional because
  2. most Japanese Americans were not United States citizens
  3. many Japanese Americans refused to serve in the United States Armed Forces
  4. this type of action was necessary during a national emergency
  5. there was strong evidence of significant Japanese sabotage on the West Coast
  1. Which statement most accurately describes theforeign policy change made by the United Statesbetween the start of World War II (1939) and theattack on Pearl Harbor (1941)?
  2. The traditional isolationism of the UnitedStates was strengthened.
  3. The nation shifted from neutrality to militarysupport for the Allies.
  4. War was declared on Germany but not onJapan.
  5. Financial aid was offered to both the Allied and Axis powers.

“. . . The people of Europe who are defendingthemselves do not ask us to do their fighting.

They ask us for the implements of war, theplanes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters whichwill enable them to fight for their liberty and forour security. Emphatically we must get theseweapons to them, get them to them in sufficientvolume and quickly enough, so that we and ourchildren will be saved the agony and suffering ofwar which others have had to endure. . . .”

— President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “Fireside Chat,”December 29, 1940

  1. In this statement, President Franklin D.Roosevelt was asking the nation to
  2. support a declaration of war against NaziGermany
  3. adopt a policy of containment
  4. join the League of Nations
  5. become the “arsenal of democracy”
  1. Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt?

A.requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers’ paychecks

B.raising income tax rates

C.selling war bonds

D.enacting wage and price controls

  1. Which action best illustrates the policy of isolationism followed by the United States before it entered World War II?

A.signing of a collective security pact with Latin American nations

B.passage of neutrality legislation forbidding arms sales to warring nations

C.embargo on the sale of gasoline and steel to Japan

D.President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s exchange of American destroyers for British naval and air bases

  1. What was a major effect of World War II on women and minorities in the United States?
  2. They were drafted into the military.
  3. They had new opportunities in the workforce.
  4. They received equal voting rights for the first time.
  5. They were granted equal pay for equal work.
  1. President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that the
  2. Axis powers deserved total destruction.
  3. American public demanded that the bombs be used.
  4. early ending of the war would save many lives.
  5. world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear power.
  1. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to

A.work on the development of an atomic bomb

B.increase economic production to meet wartime demands

C.defend New York City against a nuclear attack

D.recruit men for the military services

  1. The primary purpose for the creation of the United Nations was to
  2. free Eastern Europe countries from communism
  3. promote peace through international agreements
  4. supply food to all member nations
  5. maintain an international army
  1. Winston Churchill’s “iron curtain” was the
  2. imaginary line that separated democratic from communist nations in Cold War Europe
  3. imaginary line that separated UN from Communist Union nations in Cold War Europe
  4. barrier that separated East from West Berlin
  5. name given to the dividing line between North and South Korea
  1. The Berlin airlift was used during the Cold War to
  2. rescue people fleeing West Germany.
  3. support peacekeeping efforts by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  4. overcome a blockade created by the Soviet Union.
  5. prevent a communist takeover of Greece and Turkey.
  1. Which United States foreign policy trend of the 1940s and 1950s did the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and Eisenhower Doctrine best represent?
  2. provision of economic, technical, and military assistance to nations threatened by communism
  3. continuous support of the United Nations health programs
  4. effort to increase trade with Asian and European countries
  5. increased commitment to strengthen NATO
  1. Which one of the following statements about the Marshall Plan is most accurate?
  2. It was denied to all former World War II enemies.
  3. It was given to all African and Asian allies during the Cold War.
  4. It was used to rebuild European nations after World War II.
  5. It was used to refinance rearmament after World War II.
  1. The creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) illustrates a commitment to the concept of
  2. human rights.
  3. colonialism
  4. isolationism.
  5. mutual defense.
  1. The major reason the United States became involved in the Korean War was the
  2. desire to limit Japanese expansion
  3. threat of communism spreading throughout Asia
  4. demand by the United States for Korean natural resources.
  5. need to prevent war between China and the Soviet Union
  1. Why is the U-2 incident considered to be a turning point in U.S.-Soviet relations?

A. it demonstrated mistrust of the Soviets by the Americans and caused summit talks and a developing feeling of goodwill to break down

B. Eisenhower never liked the idea of spying on the Soviets anyway

C. the pilot admitted that he was spying on Soviet military bases

D. the Soviets don’t like bands from Ireland

  1. What was a cause for the investigations of the House Un-American Activities Committee in the late 1940s and the investigations of a Senate committee headed by Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s?
  1. the belief that there were Communist agents in the federal government
  2. excessive spending by the United States military
  3. the corruption and bribery of members of Congress
  4. actions of President Harry Truman that might have led to his impeachment
  1. The GI Bill helped soldiers who served in World War II by
  2. eliminating union seniority rules that hurt veterans
  3. requiring women to surrender their wartime jobs to men
  4. funding college education for veterans
  5. mandating integration of the military
  1. The baby boom after World War II led directly to
  2. a decrease in spending for public education
  3. an increased demand for housing
  4. a decrease in consumer spending
  5. a return to a rural lifestyle.
  1. Which trend occurred in United States society in the 1950s?
  2. The automobile became less important in people’s lives.
  3. Day-care services for children became widely available.
  4. Suburban areas developed rapidly.
  5. The number of marriages and the birthrate declined.
  1. “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty.” - John F. Kennedy

This statement best supports a foreign policy of

  1. containment.
  2. colonialism.
  3. neutrality.
  4. noninvolvement.
  1. The U.S. policy of brinkmanship depended, for its success, on Soviet fears of
  2. espionage
  3. nuclear war
  4. loss of prestige
  5. German reunification
  1. Which statement about the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) is most accurate?
  2. The United States wanted to establish missile sites in Cuban territory.
  3. The Communist government in Cuba was overthrown.
  4. The crisis showed that the United States and the Soviet Union could agree on total disarmament.
  5. The crisis brought the two major world powers very close to war.
  1. What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s?
  1. Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons.
  2. The nation had become the only nuclear superpower.
  3. Much fear was created by the Cold War.
  4. Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.

Short Answer. Answer each of the following questions using complete sentences. Support your answers with specific details, examples, etc., for full credit.

  1. Describe how America’s involvement in World War 2 impact TWO groups of Americans. (support your answer with specific details) (8 points)
  1. In your opinion, did the United States make the right decision in dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? (Write a paragraph of 5 to 7 sentences explaining the arguments for both sides and defending your opinion. Use several specific facts and details from our lesson in class.) (9 points)

“Korematsu was not excluded from the military

area because of hostility to him or his

race. He was excluded because we are at war

with the Japanese Empire, because the . . .

authorities feared an invasion of our West

Coast and felt constrained to take proper

security measures.”

—Justice Hugo Black

Korematsu v. United States, 1944

Which generalization is supported by this quotation?

  1. Individual rights need to be maintained in national emergencies.
  2. The Supreme Court lacks the power to block presidential actions taken during wartime.
  3. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances.
  4. Only the Supreme Court can alter the constitutional rights of American citizens.

Prior to United States entry into World War II, Congress passed the Cash-and-Carry Act of 1939 and the Lend-Lease Act of 1941. These foreign policy actions showed that the United States

  1. gave equal support to both the Allied and Axis Powers
  2. attempted to contain the spread of communism
  3. maintained a strict policy of isolationism
  4. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe

The war crimes trials of German and Japanese military officials following World War II established that

  1. it is difficult to convict leaders of crimes against humanity
  2. civil liberties must be expanded for civilians during wartime
  3. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians
  4. genocidal acts are acceptable during wartime

A.

Speaker A: “The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce.”

Speaker B: “My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week.”

Speaker C: “I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now.”

Speaker D: “I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home.”

Which situation is Speaker B describing?

  1. destruction of crops during wartime
  2. need for importation of food products
  3. food rationing to support a war effort
  4. limitation of agricultural production through farm subsidies

E.

E.

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