Annotated Answer Sheet
Unit Test Progressivism Form C
Class Periods 5,7
Questions 1- 3 Relate to the Image Below
- What event was the context for the above image from 1910?
- The failure of Taft to fulfill TR’s New Nationalism platform
- The failure of Taft to arbitrate a series of anti-trust cases.
- Taft’s anger in being able to end the Spanish-American War.
- TR’s anger that Taft had failed to fulfill his Square Deal policies.
2.The rift between Taft and TR was caused mostly by
a. The Ballinger-Pinchot Affairb. The Teapot Dome Scandal
c. The Payne-Aldrich Tariffd. The Peggy Eaton Affair
answers 1,2 both relate to the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. This was the environmental issue that was dear to TR and he felt that Taft did not investigate the claims carefully.
3. Which of the following aspects of the Taft years would TR have most appreciated?
a. His use of the U.S. Navy and Marines to invade Mexico
b. His trust-busting practices and corporate regulation.
c. His position on environmental issues
d. His position on lynching and race relations.
Taft doubled the number of trusts that were attacked
Questions 4-7 relate to the passage below
“Meat scraps were also found being shoveled into receptacles from dirty floors where they were left to lie until again shoveled into barrels or into machines for chopping. These floors, it must be noted, were in most cases damp and soggy, in dark, ill-ventilated rooms, and the employees in utter ignorance of cleanliness or danger to health, expectorated at will upon them. In a word, we saw meat shoveled from filthy wooden floors, piled on tables rarely washed, pushed from room to room in rotten box carts, in all of which processes it was in the way of gathering dirt, splinters, floor filth, and the expectoration of tuberculosis and other diseased workers.”
The Neill-Reynolds Report, June 4, 1906.
4. Which writer using a fictional work brought home the realities of filth in the meat packing industry?
a. Upton Sinclairb. Sinclair Lewisc. Davis Sinclaird. Jacob Riis
Sinclair wrote The Jungle
5. A new Progressive influence resulted from investigations such as this report. What other consumer protection legislation also was passed in this era?
a. The Hepburn Actb. The Mann Act
c. The Pure Food and Drug Actd. The Mann-Elkins Act
This was the origin of the Food and Drug Admin. (FDA)
6. In the 1960s another wave of legislation was passed protecting the American consumer. Which of the following best fits this category?
a. The Truth in Labeling Act
b. The Environmental Protection Agency Act
b. The Truth in Lending Act
d. The Mann-Elkins Act
Passed by LBJ this was also an important consumer protection law. The other selections do not equal consumer protection
Questions 7- 8 Relate to the Image Below
7. Which statement best explains the context of the image above?
a. The Western states were more conservative than the rest of the nation.
b. That the Western states are more Progressive
c. That the nation was seriously divided and a second Civil War loomed.
d. That the nation was politically divided between Democrats and Republicans
8. The battle over which amendment serves as the backdrop of the cartoon?
a. Sixteenth Amendmentb. Seventeenth Amendment
c. Eighteenth Amendmentd. Nineteenth Amendment
The western states did indeed lead the way on women’s suffrage in creating the “perfect 36”
Questions 9 -12 Relate to the Excerpt Below
“The preliminary work of the Bureau of Corporations in the Department has shown the wisdom of its creation. Publicity in corporate affairs will tend to do away with ignorance, and will afford facts upon which intelligent action may be taken. Systematic, intelligent investigation is already developing facts the knowledge of which is essential to a right understanding of the needs and duties of the business world. The corporation which is honestly and fairly organized, whose managers in the conduct of its business recognize their obligation to deal squarely with their stockholders, their competitors, and the public, has nothing to fear from such supervision. The purpose of this Bureau is not to embarrass or assail legitimate business, but to aid in bringing about a better industrial condition—a condition under which there shall be obedience to law and recognition of public obligation by all corporations, great or small. The Department of Commerce and Labor will be not only the clearing house for information regarding the business transactions of the Nation, but the executive arm of the Government to aid in strengthening our domestic and foreign markets, in perfecting our transportation facilities, in building up our merchant marine, in preventing the entrance of undesirable immigrants, in improving commercial and industrial conditions, and in bringing together on common ground those necessary partners in industrial progress—capital and labor.”
Theodore Roosevelt, State of Union Address, 1903
9. The Roosevelt Administration demonstrated the seriousness of its plan to more strictly regulate corporations with which case below?
a. Northern Securities v. The U.S. (1904)b. Munn v. Illinois (1877)
c. Muller v. Oregon (1906)d. Schenk v. U.S. (1919)
This was JP Morgan’s company
10. Roosevelt’s plans to handle labor issues was best illustrated by
a. His call to prosecute J.P. Morgan’s Northern Securities case.
b. His arbitration of the 1902 Coal Strike
c. The passage of the Adamson Act creating the first 8-hour work day
d. The passage of the Keating-Owen Act
11. The Wilson Administration expanded upon Roosevelt’s policies on corporate regulation with the passage of the
a. Keating-Owen Actb. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act
c. The Sherman Anti-Trust Actd. The Federal Reserve Act
12. The Wilson Administration expanded upon Roosevelt’s policies on labor relations with the passage of the
a. Keating-Owen Actb. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act
c. The Workmen’s Compensation Actd. The Federal Reserve Act
Questions 10, 11, and 12 all relate to labor and regulation of corporations. The answer on 12 relates to the “right to strike” proviso of the Clayton Act.
Questions 13 - 15 Relate to the Passage Below
“When I first saw Yosemite, and read the notices posted by the State Commissioners, forbidding the cutting or marring the beauty in any way of the trees and shrubs, etc., I said, ‘How fine it is that this grand valley has been made a park, for the enjoyment of all the world! Here we shall have a section of the wonderful flora of the mountains of California….’ But instead of enjoying special protection…it has suffered special destruction, for lack of the extraordinary care that so much trampling travel in it required. Therefore, now, instead of being most preciously cared for as the finest of all the park-gardens, it looks like a frowzy, neglected backwoods pasture. The best meadows are enclosed for hay-fields by unsightly fences, and all the rest of the floor of the valley is given up to the destructive pasturage of horses.”
John Muir, Speech to the Sierra Club, 1895
13. The point of view expressed in the passage above is most consistent with the sentiments of which of the following groups?
a. Nativistsb. Modernistsc. Preservationistsd. Corporatists
14. Which of the following most often stood in the way of attempts to achieve the broader goals suggested in the excerpt above?
a. Corporate interestsb. Government corruption
c. American Indiansd. Supreme Court decisions
15. Which of the following would have most challenged the views expressed by John Muir?
a. Richard Ballingerb. William Howard Taft
c. Gifford Pinchotd. Theodore Roosevelt
These all relate to the environmentalist issue. Muir, a friend of TR, inspired him to pass the Antiquities Act protecting millions of acres. Question 15 once again relates to the Ballinger -Pinchot Affair
Questions 16 - 18 Relate to the Passage Below
“Wilson’s arrival in the White House in 1913 was a perfect instance of Victor Hugo’s saying, ‘Nothing is more powerful than an idea whose time has come.’ Since the Civil War, the UnitedStates had become by far the world’s richest country, with an industrial economy which made all others on earth seem small, and it had done so very largely through the uncoordinated efforts of thousands of individual entrepreneurs. The feeling had grown that it was time for the community as a whole, using the resources of the United States Constitution, to impose a little order on this new giant and to dress him in suitable clothes, labeled ‘The Public Interest.’ Theodore Roosevelt had already laid out some of these clothes, and Wilson was happy to steal them.”
Paul Johnson, A History of the American People, 1997
16. In the early 1900s, which of the following groups most supported the political changes described in the excerpt above?
a. Large corporationsb. Imperialists
c. Progressivesd. Recent migrants from southern and eastern Europe
17. Many of those who supported Wilson’s efforts to “impose a little order on this new giant” were also eager to
a. preserve the social dominance of rural America.
b. strengthen the power of the states in the face of growing federal power.
c. keep all levels of government from getting involved in any social problems facing Americans.
d. see an expansion of democratic principles throughout the government
18. Which of the following events represents a continuation of the actions described in the passage above?
a. Franklin Roosevelt’s efforts to bolster regulation of the banking system in the 1930s
b. Lyndon Johnson’s support of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
c. Harry Truman’s attempt to contain communism following World War II
d. Ronald Reagan’s attempt to shrink “big government” in the 1980s
Both 16-17 should have been pretty obvious and 18 is a synthesis question about the New Deal and FDR’s creation of the SEC, Glass-Steagal Act, and the FDIC
Questions 19- 22 Relate to the Passage Below
"To be sure, much of the progressivism was exclusionary. Yet we can now recognize not a singular political persuasion but rather a truly plural set of progressivisms, with workers, African-Americans, women and even Native Americans-along with a diverse and contentious set of middling folk-taking up the language of and ideas of what was once conceived of as an almost entirely white male, middle class movements. As for the dreams of democracy from the period: despite the frequent blindness of those who embodied them, they remain bold, diverse, and daring. It is for this reason that the democratic political theorists…have looked so longingly at the active citizenship of the Progressive Era, seeking ways to rekindle the democratic impulse of a century ago."
Paul Johnson, historian, The Possibilities of Politics, 2011
19. Which of the following interpretations of progressivism most likely supports this passage?
a. Progressives were mostly conservatives in disguise
b. Progressives were almost entirely white, middle class, and urban
c. Progressives were educated modernizers
d. Progressives were a diverse group who supported various reforms
20. Which would most directly support the argument that Progressives were exclusionary?
a. Rural agrarian reformers played little role in the movement
b. Women's movements were sidelined by male-dominated governments
c. Progressives did little to end racial segregation
d. Most Progressives wanted to keep immigrants and laborers from voting
21. Which of the following Progressive reforms most directly promoted "active citizenship?"
a. City manager lawsb. Breaking up trusts and monopolies
c. The Direct Election of Senatorsd. Civil Service Commissions
22. Which of the following would most likely have agreed that Progressivism represented an "exclusionary nature?"
a. Ida B. Wellesb. Theodore Roosevelt
c. William Howard Taftd. Robert Lafollette
Question 19 is essentially asking who tended to be Progressive. Question 20 relates to the fact that Progressivism was weaker in the South but also b/c some believed in Social Darwinism. Question 20 related to the 17th Amendment and finally Ida B. Wells saw the bad side of Progressives when Wilson resisted passage of an anti-lynching law.
Questions 23 - 26 Relate to the Political Cartoon Below
23. In the cartoon Roosevelt is seen to be wrestling with which trust?
a. The Mining Industryb. The Railroad Industryc. The Utilities d. Big Tobacco
24. The Political Cartoon is likely a reference to the assault on trusts culminating in which Supreme Court Case?
a. Lochner v. New York (1908)b. Muller v. Oregon (1908)
c. Northern Securities v. U.S. (1903)d. Plessey v Ferguson (1898)
25. The Progressive view of trusts and monopolies could best be summarized by which statement?
a. All trusts and monopolies must be eradicated as threats to capitalism
b. Some trusts were good but the bad ones must be eradicated.
c. Most trusts are acceptable except those such as utilities which involve the "public good"
d. Regulating trusts is a slippery slope toward socialism.
26. The attack on trusts and monopolies declined by 1920 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. There were no monopolies left to destroy as TR and Taft had been so successful
b. The Federal Trade Commission had assumed federal oversight regarding mergers.
c. The Clayton Anti-Trust Act was far more explicit in describe illegal actions of trusts.
d. The First World War had encouraged monopolies in war related industries and 1920s Republicans were less inclined to bring anti-monopoly charges.
Question 23 shows a locomotive in the image and once again the Northern Securities case is referenced. Since TR agreed that some monopolies were good, not all were broken up (questions 25-26)
Questions 27 – 28 Relate to the Speech Below
“We have become great in a material sense because of the lavish use of our resources, and we have just reason to be proud of our growth. But the time has come to inquire seriously what will happen when our forests are gone, when the coal, the iron, the oil, and the gas are exhausted, when the soils shall have been still further impoverished and washed into the streams, polluting the rivers, denuding the fields, and obstructing navigation. These questions do not relate only to the next century or to the next generation. One distinguishing characteristic of really civilized men is foresight; we have to, as a nation, exercise foresight for this nation in the future; and if we do not exercise that foresight, dark will be the future! [Applause] We should exercise foresight now, as the ordinarily prudent man exercises foresight in conserving and wisely using the property which contains the assurance of well-being for himself and his children. We want to see a man own his farm rather than rent it, because we want to see it an object to him to transfer it in better order to his children. We want to see him exercise forethought for the next generation. We need to exercise it in some fashion ourselves as a nation for the next generation.
The natural resources I have enumerated can be divided into two sharply distinguished classes accordingly as they are or are not capable of renewal. Mines if used must necessarily be exhausted. The minerals do not and cannot renew themselves. Therefore, in dealing with the coal, the oil, the gas, the iron, the metals generally, all that we can do is to try to see that they are wisely used. The exhaustion is certain to come in time. We can trust that it will be deferred long enough to enable the extraordinarily inventive genius of our people to devise means and methods for more or less adequately replacing what is lost; but the exhaustion is sure to come.”
Theodore Roosevelt, Address to the Conference of Governors,1908
27. Which legislation would have been most synonymous with the above speech?
a. The Antiquities Actb. The Pure Food and Drug Act
c. The Adamson Actd. The Meat Inspection Act
28. Which activist would have generally agreed with the assertions above?
a. John Muirb. Upton Sinclairc. Jacob Riisd. Sinclair Lewis
Yep, 2 more environmental questions…let’s all hug a tree!
Questions 29 – Relate to the Passage Below
“We want the laws enforced against rich as well as poor; against Capitalists as well as Laborer; against white as well as black. We are not more lawless than the white race, we are more often arrested, convicted, and mobbed. We want justice even for criminals and outlaws. We want the Constitution of the country enforced. We want Congress to take charge of Congressional elections. We want the Fourteenth amendment carried out to the letter and every State disenfranchised in Congress which attempts to disfranchise its rightful voters. We want the Fifteenth amendment enforced and no State allowed to base its franchise simply on color.
The failure of the Republican Party in Congress at the session just closed to redeem its pledge of 1904 with reference to suffrage conditions at the South seems a plain, deliberate, and premeditated breach of promise, and stamps that party as guilty of obtaining votes under false pretense.”