Unit 7, Lesson 2 Pages 430-443 in Textbook 1/9(B) & 1/16(A)

Unit 7, Lesson 2 Pages 430-443 in textbook 1/9(B) & 1/16(A)

Musculoskeletal System

Bones & Cartilage

·  Types of connective tissue

o  Bone – ______

o  ______- soft and flexible

Functions of Bones:

1)  Serve as site for muscles to attach to move body parts

2)  Give body its shape and ______

3)  ______delicate structures such as heart, lungs, spinal cord and brain

4)  Serve as storage place for ______

5)  Produce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in ______

Bone structure

1.  ______- osteocytes trapped in small cavities in bone structure

2.  Connective tissue fibers - made off protein- ______

3.  Inorganic compounds- calcium and phosphorus

4.  Haversian Canal- cavity in bone that contains blood vessels and

nerves that ______

5.  Periosteum- outer covering of bone that is ______

______** muscles attach here too**

Bone is constantly being broken down and rebuilt

o  ______-

§  build new cells by secreting collagen protein ,

§  then ______forms on the fibers to form hard, heavy bone

o  Osteoclasts-

§  ______

§  release calcium and phosphorus

Bone tissue types

1.  Compact bone- ______

2.  Spongy Bone- very ______(full of holes)- marrow fills holes

Bone Marrow Types

1.  ______-

·  Found: in spongy bones of vertebrae, ribs, cranium and tips of long bones or arms and legs

·  Function: ______and some white blood cells

2.  Yellow Marrow-

·  found in ______

·  made of fat cells

Cartilage-

·  connective tissue that bends easily

·  gives support and ______

______and pressure

·  Found in:

§  Embryos- most of skeleton begins as cartilage then becomes bone

·  Ossification-

______

§  Children- more cartilage than adults therefore their bones are more elastic and not as easily broken

§  Adults- ______, around joints

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Skeletal System

Total # of bones: ______

2 Main Parts:

______skeleton-

§  ______- cranium and facial and jaw bones (mandible)

§  ______- vertebrae with cartilage discs in between to cushion, ribs and sternum (breastbone)

Appendicular Skeleton –

§  ______

§  Pectoral girdle- Shoulder blades (scapula) and collar bones (clavicle)

§  ______- hip bones

Joints-

·  point where ______

·  Held together by ______(tough fibrous bands of connective tissue)

Joint Types:

§  Immovable- cranium (tightly fitted)

§  Movable-

1.  ______- Back & Forth motion (knee & elbow)

2.  Ball & Socket- move in all directions, ball shaped fit into a cuplike space (shoulder & hip)

3.  ______- side to side & up and down motion (base of skull)

4.  Gliding- some bending and twisting movement

(______)

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MUSCLES

Types:

1)  ______Muscle- used in locomotion and in all voluntary movement

·  Cells fuse together to form fibers

o  bundles of fibers bind together to form muscles

·  ______appearance- striped with light & dark bands, shows overlapping fibers

·  Fibers made up of thin filaments called Actin & Myosin

o  Filaments ______to contract (shorten) and relax (lengthen)

·  Connected by ______to bones

·  Muscles pull bones when they contract (shorten)** cannot push**

·  ______to each other:

o  As one muscle contracts (shortens) the

______(lengthens)

o  Example- Biceps (flexor bends a joint) and triceps (extensor extends or straightens a joint) in the arm

o 

·  Unique to Skeletal Muscle:

o  ______unlike smooth muscles

2)  Smooth Muscle- ______muscle

·  Found: in ______, diaphragm and some other internal organs

·  Appearance:

o  Long, overlapping sheets of cells

o  ______(no bands)

·  Unique to Smooth Muscle: ______

______

3)  ______muscle- found in heart only

·  Appearance:

§  ______of muscle cells with a single nucleus in each

§  ______muscle

·  Unique to Cardiac Muscle:

§  Built-in ability to contract ______

§  Muscles ______(heartbeat)- different than skeletal