Unit 4 – Water Chemistry Study Guide
Directions: Please answer the vocab & questions (handwritten) on a separate piece of paper. You will only be able to use this study guide for your “magic minutes”. No other notes or worksheets will be allowed. These must be attached to your test when turned in.
Part 1: Properties of Water, pH, salinity & density
Vocabulary:
Covalent Bond PolaritySalinitydensity
Hydrogen BondCohesionpHvolume
Solute AdhesionAcidmass
SolventSurface TensionBase
SolutionHeat Capacity
Capillary Action
Concepts:
1. One water molecule contains what elements, and how many of each?
2. Water molecules are polar, with the oxygen side being slightly ______and the hydrogen side being slightly _____.
3. Salt water is a solution of water and salt. Which is the solute and which is the solvent?
4. What type of bond holds the hydrogens and oxygen together in ONE water molecule?
5. What type of bond holds the hydrogen of one water molecule to the oxygen of another water molecule?
6. What are examples of cohesion & adhesion?
7. Why is it biologically important for water to have a high heat capacity?
8. Solutions with a high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration are ______(acid or base?)
9. Solutions with a high hydroxide (OH-) concentration are ______(acid or base?)
10. Acids have ______(high or low?) pH and are found ______(above or below?) neutral 7.
11. Bases have ______(high or low?) pH and are found ______(above or below?) neutral 7.
12. What can cause ocean salinity to decrease? What can cause ocean salinity to increase? (droughts, urban runoff, storms/rain, or sewer discharge)
13. Which factor affects nearly all other water quality parameters?
14. What is density? How do you calculate it?
15. How does temperature and salinity affect the density of seawater?
Part 2: Water Cycle
Vocabulary:
Evaporation CondensationPrecipitationRun Off
Transpiration SublimationPercolationAquifer
Concepts:
1. One water molecule contains what elements, and how many of each?
2. Water molecules are polar, with the oxygen side being slightly ______and the hydrogen side being slightly _____.
3. Salt water is a solution of water and salt. Which is the solute and which is the solvent?
4. What type of bond holds the hydrogens and oxygen together in ONE water molecule?
5. What type of bond holds the hydrogen of one water molecule to the oxygen of another water molecule?
6. What are examples of cohesion & adhesion?
7. Why is it biologically important for water to have a high heat capacity?
8. Solutions with a high hydrogen ion (H+) concentration are ______(acid or base?)
9. Solutions with a high hydroxide (OH-) concentration are ______(acid or base?)
10. Acids have ______(high or low?) pH and are found ______(above or below?) neutral 7.
11. Bases have ______(high or low?) pH and are found ______(above or below?) neutral 7.
12. What can cause ocean salinity to decrease? What can cause ocean salinity to increase? (droughts, urban runoff, storms/rain, or sewer discharge)
13. Which factor affects nearly all other water quality parameters?
14. What is density? How do you calculate it?
15. How does temperature and salinity affect the density of seawater?
Concepts:
16. In what three ways can water move from Earth back into the atmosphere?
17. What are some possible routes a water molecule can take through the water cycle?
18. How do humans affect water sources through run off and aquifers?
Part 3: Gas and Nutrient Cycles
Vocabulary:
Carbon Cycle PhotosynthesisNitrogen CycleNitrate
Atmosphere Cellular RespirationNitrificationDenitrification
Hydrosphere DecompositionNitrogen
Biosphere DiffuseAmmonium
Lithosphere Fossil FuelsNitrite
Part 3: Gas and Nutrient Cycles
Concepts:
19. Where is carbon stored on/in Earth?
20. What process gets carbon from the ______to the ______:
a. Atmosphere to Biosphere
b. Biosphere to Lithosphere
c. Lithosphere to Atmosphere
d. Atmosphere to hydrosphere
e. Hydrosphere to biosphere
f. Biosphere to atmosphere
21. What part of the ocean has the most abundance of oxygen?
22. Which biological process uses oxygen? Releases oxygen?
23. What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
24. Which macro-molecules need nitrogen?
25. What type of organism is needed for nitrification and denitrification to occur?
26. What form of nitrogen is usable by plants?
27. List three ways nitrogen can be fixed from the atmosphere