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UNIT 4 TEST REVIEW
1. If a diploid mushroom cell contains 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in each daughter cell after mitosis? 48
2. If a diploid mushroom cell contains 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in a carrot gamete after meiosis? 24
3. To create genetic variation, ______happens during meiosis. CROSSING OVER
4. A picture of chromosomes is called a ______. KARYOTYPE
5. To figure out who is biologically related or to solve murders, what process do we use to figure this out? DNA FINGERPRINTING
6. Mitosis produces diploid cells, while meiosis produces ______cells. HAPLOID
7. Excessive radiation can be damaging to a cell’s DNA, resulting in a gene on the DNA strand that produces the wrong proteins. What word best describes the condition of the damaged DNA? MUTATION
8. What is it called to have a change or mistake in the DNA? MUTATION
9. What type of mutation is it called when only one latter was changed in the DNA sequence? POINT MUTATION
10. Sexual Reproduction in animals depends on the production of gametes. Which process produces gametes in animals? MEIOSIS
11. Undifferentiated cells that can form from any type of cell are called what? STEM CELLS
12. The nucleus divided into two nuclei is what cellular process? MITOSIS
13. Using just the first letter, what is the order of Mitosis? P M A T
14. If a parent cell has 15 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have? 15
15. What happens during G1 Phase of Interphase? GROWTH
16. What happens during S Phase of Interphase? DNA REPLICATION
17. What phase has the chromosomes line up along the equator of a cell? METAPHASE
18. What phase has the chromosomes pulled apart to opposite poles? ANAPHASE
19. What phase has chromosomes appear and the nuclear envelope disappears? PROPHASE
20. What stage creates two new cells? CYTOKINESIS
21. What are the series of events that cells go through to grow and divide? CELL CYCLE
22. What is the uncontrollable rate of cell division? CANCER
23. During Anaphase, what structure is pulling the sister chromatids apart? CENTRIOLES
24. How is the genetic code common to all living organisms? SAME FOUR NITROGENOUS BASES
25. Specialization of the cell’s function is a process called? CELL DIFFERENTIATION
26. What is a mass of cancerous cells called? TUMOR
27. The genetic disorder that displays three chromosome #21’s is called? TRISOMY 21
28. Trisomy 21 is a mutation in which a chromosome has been ______to the karyotype. ADDED
29. According to the central dogma, DNA à mRNA à Protein. If there is one change in the DNA bases, how can that result in a new protein? THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCES IS CHANGED
30. When is a mutation least likely to affect an organism? MAKES A CODON THAT CODES FOR THE SAME AMINO ACID (EXAMPLE: CAU & CAC CODE FOR HISTIDINE)