AP Psychology1 of 4

Name:

AP Psychology:

Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness

Section I: Multiple Choice. (30 questions at 3 pts = 90 possible points)

AP Psychology1 of 4

  1. REM sleep is highly correlated with which of the following?
  2. A lack of genital arousal
  3. Dreams
  4. Tensed muscles
  5. Considerable tossing and turning
  6. Sleep apnea
  1. Which of the following is true about rods and cones?
  2. Rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision.
  3. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the periphery of the retina
  4. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the blind spot of the retina.
  5. Rods and cones are distributed evenly throughout the retina.
  6. Rods and more useful than cones for perception in well-lit areas.
  1. After constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. This can be explained by which of the following?
  2. Weber’s law
  3. Sensory adaptation
  4. Signal detection
  5. Absolute threshold sensitivity
  6. The phi phenomenon
  1. Which of the following is true of individuals who experience severe withdrawal symptoms when they abruptly stop using a drug that they have been taking for a long time?
  2. They are physically dependent on the drug.
  3. They are tolerant of the withdrawal effects.
  4. They are in a state of reverse tolerance.
  5. They are experiencing disinhibition.
  6. They are demonstrating projective identification.
  7. John recently lost the sight in his left eye. In which of the following situations would John NOT be able to judge depth?
  8. Looking down a railroad track as it disappears into the distance.
  9. Looking out a car window at the passing scenery.
  10. Throwing a ball to a friend.
  11. Watching two people approach from different distances
  12. Watching a crowd of children at play in a school yard.
  13. Ben normally sleeps from 10:00 PM to 7:00 AM. In which of the following time periods would he experience the LEAST amount of REM sleep?
  14. 10:00 PM to 11:00 PM
  15. 12:00 PM to 1:00 AM
  16. 1:00 AM to 2:00 AM
  17. 3:00 AM to 4:00 AM
  18. 6:00 AM to 7:00 AM
  1. The ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of
  2. an absolute threshold
  3. A difference threshold
  4. A just noticeable difference
  5. Weber’s Law
  6. Frechner’s Law
  1. The gate control theory attempts to explain how
  2. The brain analyzes patterns by analyzing changes in brightness over broad areas
  3. Filtering of excess information results in reduced response to constant stimulation
  4. The nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain
  5. Differing regions of the tongue are more sensitive to different tastes
  6. Chemicals released by one animal can shape the behavior of a second animal of the same species.
  1. The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the
  2. Semicircular canal
  3. Ossicle
  4. Pinna
  5. Cochlea
  6. Oval window
  1. Hypnosis is best described as a state that
  2. Gives the hypnotist complete control over the thoughts and emotions of the hypnotized individual
  3. Induces heightened suggestibility in the hypnotized individual
  4. Is similar to an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
  5. Is similar to the condition produced by excessive alcohol consumption
  6. Is similar to the REM stage of sleep.
  1. Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with some DELTA
  2. Stage 1
  3. Stage 2
  4. Stage 3
  5. Stage 4
  6. REM
  1. Mediation can help activate the following system and thus reduce the perception of pain
  2. Sympathetic nervous system
  3. Parasympathetic nervous system
  4. Somatic nervous system
  5. Salvation
  6. Urination
  1. In small quantities, alcohol can be mistaken for a stimulant because it
  2. Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
  3. Speeds up respiration and heart beat
  4. Inhibits the frontal lobe
  5. Induces sleep
  6. Affects the cerebellum
  1. When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
  2. An opiate
  3. An amphetamine
  4. A depressant
  5. A hallucinogen
  6. A stimulant
  1. What is the path that light travels to get to your rods and cones?
  2. Lens, cornea, pupil, retina
  3. Cones, pupil, lens, rods
  4. Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
  5. Cones, pupil, lens, retina
  6. Cornea, lens, pupil, retina
  1. Marijuana falls under what category of psychoactive drugs?
  2. Depressant
  3. Mood elevator
  4. Hallucinogen
  5. Stimulant
  6. Mood depressant
  1. Night terrors and sleepwalking usually occur during which stage of sleep?
  2. Stage 1
  3. Stage 2
  4. Stage 3
  5. Stage 4
  6. REM
  1. Our sense of smell may be a more powerful trigger for memories because
  2. We are conditioned from birth to make strong connections between smells and events
  3. The nerve connecting the olfactory bulb sends impulses directly to the limbic system.
  4. The receptors at the top of each nostril connect with the cortex
  5. Smell is a powerful cue for encoding memories into long-term memory
  6. Strong smells encourage us to process events deeply so they will more likely be remembered.
  1. You are shown a picture of your grandfather’s face, but his eyes and mouth are blocked out. You still recognized it as a picture of your grandfather. Which type of processing best explains this example of perception?
  2. Bottom-up processing
  3. Signal detection theory
  4. Top-down processing
  5. Opponent-process theory
  6. Gestalt theory
  1. Daydreaming, meditation, intoxication, sleep, and hypnosis are all types of
  2. altered states of consciousness
  3. self-absorption
  4. waking consciousness
  5. self-awareness
  6. unconscious
  1. Although sound comes from speakers on the sides of the room, viewers watching a movie perceive the sound coming from the screen. This phenomenon is best accounted for by
  2. Visual capture
  3. Proximity
  4. Closure
  5. Opponent-processes
  6. Feature-detection
  1. The phenomenon of perceptual set, reflects the tendency of people's perceptions to be affected by their
  2. Motivations
  3. cultural background
  4. cognitive style
  5. altered states
  6. expectations
  1. The principle that the just noticeable difference of any given sense is a constant fraction or proportion of the stimulus being judged is called
  2. the doctrine of specific nerve energies
  3. the phi phenomenon
  4. the opponent-process principle
  5. Weber's law
  1. Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason’s friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. When Brent saw Jason in the crowd, he played as loud as he could to get Jason’s attention, however Jason could not hear the difference. Which of the following offers a reason for this:
  2. Sensory adaptation
  3. Selective attention
  4. Perceptual constancy
  5. Weber’s law
  6. Functional fixedness
  1. In Gestalt psychology which is the first step in human perception?
  2. Proximity
  3. Closure
  4. Figure-ground
  5. Connectedness
  6. Continuity
  1. In vision, transduction occurs within the
  2. Optic nerve
  3. Visual cortex
  4. Retina
  5. Lens
  6. Cornea
  7. Your tendency to see the words “went and “tie,” rather then the word twenties when you look at T WENT TIES is best explained by the organizing principle of
  8. Bottom-up processing
  9. Closure
  10. Continuity
  11. Figure-ground
  12. Proximity
  1. During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions
  2. Sleep apnea
  3. Narcolepsy
  4. Insomnia
  5. Night terrors
  6. The REM rebound effect
  1. Visual acuity is best when
  2. an image falls on the rods.
  3. colors at the edges of the visible spectrum are used.
  4. an image falls on the fovea.
  5. both the rods and the cones are used.
  6. an image falls within your peripheral vision.
  1. You are watching a friend's movie that they created for AP Psychology. During one of the scenes you notice that the place setting on the table was removed in between shots. This is an example of overcoming
  2. Selective attention
  3. Change blindness
  4. Figure/Ground
  5. Proximity
  6. Closure

AP Psychology1 of 4

Section II:

Adapted from the 2005 AP Psychology Free-Response Question

Directions: You have 25 minutes to answer the following question. It is not enough to answer a question by merely listing facts. You should present a cogent argument based on your critical analysis of the question posed, using appropriate psychological terminology.

Psychologists conduct research to investigate controversial issues. Consider the following

  • Color Vision
  • Why we dream
  • Explanations of hypnosis
  1. Describe two opposing points of view on each of the psychological issues listed below. Your description must provide one argument for each side of the controversy
  2. For each issue, choose one perspective. Using evidence from psychological research, justify why this point of view may be correct.