Name ______Period ______

Unit 4: Fall of Greece Guided Notes

Please keep this packet in your World History class folder or binder.

Lesson Essential Question: How did the protection of democracy from the Persian Empire lead to the Athenian empire?

Section 1: This section on the Persian Wars will be assigned for homework. Complete after reading pages 171-173in the textbook.

The Persian Wars (Page 171)

Persia ruled the ______and most ______empire in western world. Persia conquered ______, after 20 years of Persian rule, they ______. Ionia asks for ______from mainland Greece. ______and other city-states sent ships to help. Persia puts down revolt- ______(Persian king) wanted to ______mainland Greece for their role in revolt.

Battle of Marathon (Pages 171-172)

Darius sent 600 ______and an ______to Greece. Persians land in ______about 26 miles north of ______. Greek soldiers caught Persian army off guard and ______them. A ______set off to tell Athens of the great victory. Once he reached Athens, he yelled ______(Greek Goddess of Victory). He then collapsed and died of ______.This victory gave Athens ______. ______mines were found near Athens- it gave Athens giving great ______. Athens spent the money on ______(warships). Athens had the largest ______in Greece. In 480 B.C.- ______sent troops across Aegean sea and conquered northern Greece. In an effort to stop this from happening- 20 city-states united together to fight the ______. The Spartans took charge of the Greek ______and the Athenians led the ______.

Battle of Thermopylae (Pages 172-173)

This battle took place 100 miles from ______. Greek soldiers held off the Persians for 3 days which gave the people of Athens time to ______. This battle featured 300 ______with 700 other Greeksagainst a larger Persian army. The Persians were able to find a way to kill all the soldiers and march on Athens, which they found the city ______and set it on ______.

Battle of Salamis (Page 173)

Greeks tricked the Persians into sailing into the narrow ______between Athens and Salamis. This allowed the Greeks to attack the Persian ships a few at a time. The Greeks successfully ______the Persians- Xerxes left and returned to Asia

Battle of Plataea (Page 173)

Xerxes left a few troops ______after the Battle of Salamis. In 479 B.C.- the Greeks defeated the Persians during the ______and destroyed what was left of the Persian navy.

Lesson Essential Question: Why did the city-states decline?

Section 2: This section on the Athenian Empire and the decline of the Greek city-states will be assigned for homework. Complete after reading pages 173-176 in the textbook with online materials.

The Athenian Empire (Pages 173-175)

Persia still controlled ______. Athens suggests to other city states that they form a ______or protective group. It was headquartered on island of ______- called the ______. ______did not join league. Once you joined the league, you could not leave unless the other members ______. They had a common ______. Ships were built in ______. Athens supplied the ______for the ships, but the other city-states______for it. Athens gained more ______. Other city-states had to ask Athens ______for sailing and trade. Athens eventually controlled ______, ______, and ______.The Delian League had become the “______”Pericles was the ______of Athens- some of the things he did for Athens:

  • Made Athens beautiful by doing building projects on the ______.
  • He built the ______(temple to patron goddess of Athens, Athena).
  • The Delian League money ______--- for these building projects.
  • Pericles built the ______- allowing Athens to get supplies in times of war.

Decline of Athens (Page 175)

The Greek city-states ______the powerand wealth gained by the Athenians after the Persian Wars. After Athens attackedone of ______allies, Sparta and other Greek city-states to declared ______on Athens. This war is known as the ______. The conflict ended when______surrendered to Sparta in 404 B.C.

The Aftermath of the War (Pages 175-176)

A plagueduring the Peloponnesian War in ______led to the loss of more than ¼ of its population. The land was also______andmany young Athenian men joined the Persian army as ______(hired soldiers). The ruling Spartans set up an ______in Athens with 30 ______selected to rule. Although the Athenians later ______against Sparta and set up another ______, they never regained the power they once had in Greece. The Peloponnesian War cost the Greeks money and resources. The Spartans were ______rulers and made the other Greeks ______. ______(city-state) led a revolt and overthrew Spartan rule. The Greeks were too weak to fight off foreign invaders. In 338 B.C. ______of Macedonia conquered Greece.

Lesson Essential Question: How did Philip II and Alexander help to influence the spread Greek culture?

Section 3: This section will be completed as part of a group discussion.

The Hellenistic Period (Page 193)

The Greek ______lost their independence. New leaders built an ______that spread Greek culture and customs including the language and architecture throughout the Mediterranean world. This is called the ______period- it means to be like the Hellenes or ______.

Philip II (Pages 193-195)

He became Greece’s new ______in 338 B.C. He came from ______, a region north of Greece. Philip was held hostage for 3 years in ______, where he learned to love ______culture. He disliked the ______he saw in Greek government. He wanted to ______all the Greek city-states and spread Greek culture. Once he became ruler of Macedonia, it took ______years to reach this goal.

How Philip did this:

•Turned army into a ______army

•Infantry formation called the ______

•Armed soldiers with 14 feet long ______

•Gave local Greek officials ______as bribes, caused ______among them- making them weak, then he would move in and ______them

•Made ______but broke them as soon as Greeks let down their guard

•He saw marriages as ways of forming political ______- he married 6 or 7 times because of this

Demosthenes (Page 195)

He was an Athenian ______(public speaker). He tries to warn ______that Philip was dangerous and not to be trusted. Many Greeks were ______with local governments and felt Philip would make ______. Philip ______central Greece in 338 B.C. Greeks raise army to ______Philip, but the Greeks are easily ______. Philip prepares a campaign against ______, but is ______in 336 B.C., some say he was murdered. Philip’s son Alexander takes the ______.

Alexander the Great (Pages 195-197)

He became ruler at age 20 after his ______death. He was a student of ______. He crushed Persian Empire, went as far east as ______.His empire covered more than ______miles from the ______to ______Rivers. He wanted to ______the Macedonians, Greeks and Persians. Alexander took Persians into his ______, married a Persian ______, and followed Persian ______. Alexander claimed he was a ______and wanted people to treat him that way. The Greeks and Macedonians ______to do that. The Greeks objected to equal ______for the Persians, they did not ______those who did not speak Greek or follow Greek ______.However, the Greeks were able to have contact with other ______such as Egypt and Babylon. Alexander founded 16 cities which were called ______. He founded over 70 cities total during his ______. The most famous was ______in ______.

Alexandria (Pages 197-198)

Alexandria had ______harbors. There was also a ______, called Pharos, that was considered one of the 7 ______of the World. There was also a Library that had works from ______Greek writers of the time. Alexandria was a center of ______and ______. There was a famous school called the ______was a center for poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists. Other famous ______such as Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes did their work there.

End of Empire (Pages 198-199)

Alexander became ______and died at age 33 in 323 B.C. Fightingthen broke out over the control of the empire. Eventually, the empire was ______between 3 of Alexander’s generals. Ptomely took ______, Seleucustook ______, Antigonus took over ______. Athens and Sparta once again became ______during this time. Trade also expanded and Greek culture continued to develop. Each city state had its regained its political ______. However, by 146 B.C. Greece was under ______control.