LHS Academic Biology Name: Block:
Mr. Zahm & Mrs. Meyers Date:
Unit 2 Vocab 8 Help (Cell Growth & Repro. 2)
Meiosis
My Def: Process that makes sex cells through two mitosis processes
- Asexual process makes sex cells. (Ironic?)
- Sex cells are eggs and sperm
- Sex cells are “haploid” (have (1/2) total chromosomes)
Zygote
My Def: A fertilized egg (resulting from sexual reproduction)
- It is “diploid”, meaning has both copies of each chromosome
- Has one chromosome from each parent
Mitosis
My Def: The cell process in which a cell divides in to two new “daughter cells”
- Asexual reproduction: parent and two daughter cells are identical genetically
Cancer
My Def: The uncontrolled growth of a cell causing health probs. and eventual death
- Starts with a single cell
- One cell grows in to a tumor
- If it spreads (metastasizes), can be lethal
Centrioles
My Def: Parts of centrosome, form spindle fibers, to direct equal DNA division
- Spindle Fibers attach to chromosome at centromere (or kinetochore)
Daughter Cells
My Def: Genetically identical offspring resulting from mitosis
- The are clones of the parent cell.
- The product of asexual reproduction of human body (somatic) cells
Prophase
My Def: 1st phase of Mitosis, in which cell changes from interphase to mitosis
- Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell
- Nuclear membrane begins to break down
- Chromatin (unwound DNA) begins to form chromosomes (wound up DNA in “X” shape)
Metaphase
My Def: Chromosomes (wound DNA) attach to spindle fibers & line up across
center of cell
- Meta = middle
- Phase 2 of 4 mitotic phases
Spindle (fiber)
My Def: The tubules/fibers formed by the centrioles
- Guide DNA division during mitosis, assuring equal division
Anaphase
My Def: Phase of mitosis when chromosomes move to opposite sides of cell
- Phase 3 of the 4 mitotic phases
Telophase
My Def: Last phase of mitosis when nuclear membranes form
- Forms two new nuclei before cell splits in to two
- Phase 4 of the 4 mitotic phases
Cytokinesis
My Def: Division of the cytoplasm after mitosis
- Two new daughter cells are formed, genetically identical to the parent and each other
PICTURES
Meiosis Zygote Cancer
Meiosis, Mitosis, Daughter Cells Pro-, Meta-, Ana- Telophase
Spindle Fibers Cytokinesis Centrioles