Unit 1(Solidstate)

XIICHEMISTRY

INDEX

Class-XII

Unit–1(SolidState)

1markquestions

1. Whyamorphoussolidsarecalledpseudosolidsorsupercooledliquids?

2. Whycrystallinesolidsareanisotropic?

3. Howmanytetrahedralandoctahedralvoidsarethereforeachsphere?

4. Whatisradiusratio?

5. Howionicsolidcanbedistinguishedfromametallicsolid?

6. WhatareF-centres?

7. Whatwillhappentoconductivityofmetalsandsemiconductors,whenthereis

increaseintemp.?

2marksquestions

8. WhatisSchottkydefect?Whatisitseffectonthedensityofcrystal?

9. Whatistheradiusratioforcationandaniontooccupytetrahedralsites?

10. DifferentiateschottkyandFrenkeldefect.

11. Whatisthedifferencebetweenn-typeandp-typesemiconductors?Giveoneexample

ofeach.

12. Whysomemineralsofironpyritesarecalledfool'sGold?

13. DefineferromagnetismandFerrimagnetismandshowalignmentoftheirmagnetic

moments.

14. Explaintheterm'unitcell'and'crystallattice'.

3marksquestions

15. AnalysisshowsthatametaloxidehastheempiricalformulaM0.98O1.00.Calculatethe

percentageofM2+andM3+ionsinthecrystal.

16. Whatisdisorderorimperfection?Explainanytwotypesofimperfectionsinsolids.

17. Anelementcrystallizesinbccstructure.Ifedgelengthofcellis1.469x10-8cmand

density19.3g/cm3,thencalculatetheatomicmassoftheelement.

Class-XII

Unit–2(Solutions)

(1markquestions)

1. Indeepseadiving,whythecondition"thebends"occur?

2. Howisthemolaritydifferentfromthenormality?

3. Whymolalityisconsideredbetterforexpressingtheconcentrationascomparedto

molarity?

4. Why"Anoxia"occursathighaltitudes?

5. WhatisthesimilaritybetweenRaoult'slawandHenry'sLaw.

6. Whatareazeotropes?

7. Whatareanti-freezesolutions?Giveoneexample.

(2marksquestions)

8. Whycommonsaltisusedtoclearthesnowontheroads?

9. Howplasmolysisisdifferentfromhemolysis?

10. WhatisVan'tHofffactor?Giveitsvalueforsolutesundergoingassociationand

dissociationinsolution.

11. WhatisHenry'slaw?Giveits2limitations.

12. DifferentiateIdealandNon-idealsolutions.

13. Whatisrelativeloweringinvapourpressure?WhichoutofloweringinV.P.and

relativeloweringinV.P,isacolligativeproperty?

14. Whathappenedtopeeledeggwhendippedinwater?Explain.

(3marksquestions)

15. Howelevationinboilingpointisacolligativeproperty?Explain.

16. Additionof1.286gmofacompoundto100ml.ofbenzene(density0.879g/ml)

lowersthefreezingpointfrom5.51oCto5.030C.IfKfforbenzeneis5.12Kkg/mol,

calculatethemolarmassofthecompound?

17. Non-idealsolutionsshowpositiveandnegativedeviationsfromRaoult'slaw.What

arethesedeviationsandwhytheyarecaused?

Class-XII

Unit–3(Electrochemistry)

(1markquestions)

1. Whathappenstotheelectricalconductanceofelectrolyticconductorandmetallic

conductor,withincreaseintemp.

2. Whatissaltbridge?Giveitstwofunctions.

3. Calculatethecellpotentialforthecell:

Mgs|Mg20.1M||Cu2110−3M|Cus

GivenEo   −2.37V

4. Whydrycelldoesnothaveanindefinitelife?

5. Whyprimarybatteriesorcellsarenotchargeable?

6. NamethecellwhichwereusedinApollospaceprogramme.

7. Whatisthechemicalformulaofrust?

(2marksquestions)

8. Whydoestheconductivityofasolutiondecreaseswithdilution?

9. Givetheimportanceoffuelcellsoverordinarybatteries.

10. Givethefactorswhichaffectcorrosion.

11. DifferentiateE.M.F.andpotentialdifference.

12. Givetherelationbetweenconductivityandmolarconductivityofasolution.

13. Whataresuper-conductors?Giveexamples.

14. Explaintheohm'slaw.

(3marksquestions)

15. Whatisanelectrochemicalseries?Givetheapplicationsofelectrochemicalseries.

16. GivedifferencesbetweenelectrochemicalcellandElectrolyticcell.

17. Calculatethee.m.f.ofthecellat25oC

Zn|Zn20.01M||Fe20.005M|Fe

EoZn2|Zn−0.763VandEoFe2/Fe−0.44V

Class-XII

Unit–4(ChemicalKinetics)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatisthesignificanceofnegativesignincaseofexpressingrateofreactionin

termsofreactants?

2. Whydoestherateofreactionnotremainconstantthroughout?

3. Afirstorderreactionisfoundtohavearateconstant,k=5.5x10-14S-1.Findthehalf

lifeperiodofthereaction.

4. Whatisfirstorderreaction?

5. Whatiscollisionfrequencyandwhatareeffectivecollisions?

6. Alargenumberofcollidingmoleculeshaveenergymorethanthresholdenergyfora

reaction,eventhenreactionisslow.Why?

7. Expresstherateofthereaction:

2NO2→2NO+O2

intermsoftheconcentrationofreactantsandproducts.

Class-XII

Unit-4 (ChemicalKinetics)

(2marksquestions)

8. Whatiszeroorderreaction?Giveexample.

9. Calculatetheoverallorderofareaction,whichhastherateexpression:

−1

10. Whatisthedifferencebetweenorderandmolecularity.

11. Afirstorderdecompositionreactiontakes40minutesfor30%decomposition.

Calculateitst1/2value.

12. Givedifferencesbetweenrateofareactionandrateconstant.

13. Areactionisoffirstorderw.r.t.reactantAandofsecondorderw.r.t.reactantB.How

istherateofthisreactionaffectedwhen:

(i) theconc.ofBaloneisincreasedtothreetimes.

(ii) theconc.ofAaswellasBaredoubled.

14. Whatishalflifeperiod.Deriveanexpressionforhalflifeperiodofafirstorder

reaction.

(3marksquestions)

15. Whatisratedeterminingstep?Showthatthesloweststepinthemechanismofthe

reactionlargelydeterminestherateofthereaction.

16. Whatarethefactors,influencingtherateofchemicalreaction?Explain.

17. Givetheintegratedrateexpressionforzeroorderreaction.

Class-XII

Unit–5(SurfaceChemistry)

(1markquestions)

1. Howispositiveadsorptiondiffersfromnegativeadsorption?

2. Whyactivatedcharcoaloramixtureofadsorbentisgenerallyusedingasmasks?

3. Howcriticaltemperatureisrelatedtoadsorptionofagas?

4. Whyafinelydividedsubstanceismoreeffectiveasanadsorbent?

5. WhatisKrafttemperature(Tk)andCMC.

6. WhatisprincipleofDialysis?

7. WhatisthecauseofBrownianmovement?

(2marksquestions)

8. DefineGoldnumber.Howcoagulationofgoldsolisindicatedbychangeincolour?

9. Differentiateoil-in-water(o/wtype)andwater-in-oil(w/otype)emulsions.

10. Howoil-in-waterorwater-in-oiltypeemulsionscanbeidentified.Giveonetest.

11. 40mlofstandardgoldsol.needs0.04mgofgelatinforitsprotectionfrom

coagulation.Calculategoldnumberofgelatin.

12. Whatareemultions?Givetheirtypes.

13. WhatisSorption?Howitdiffersfromadsorption?

14. Explainthesaturationstateinadsorptionisotherms.

(3marksquestions)

15. (i) Whatissurfacecatalysis?

(ii) Explaintheterm"Activityofacatalyst"and"Selectivityofacatalyst".Give

examplesalso.

16. Whatiselectrophoresis?Whatisitssignificance?

17. ExplainshapeselectivecatalysisbyZeolites.

Class-XII

Unit–6(GeneralPrinciplesandprocessesofisolationofelements)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatistheroleofdepressantinfrothfloatationprocess?

2. Differentiatemineralandore.

3. Whatissmelting?

4. Definetheterms'gangue'and'flux'.

5. Whatistheroleofsilicainthemetallurgyofcopper?

6. Whyispineoilusedinfrothfloatationprocess?

7. Howiscastirondifferentfrompigiron?

8. Givetheprincipleofzonerefiningmethod,inrefiningofmetals.

9. GivepercentagecompositionofAlnicoalloy.

10. Whatistheroleofcryoliteinthemetallurgyofaluminium?

11. Whatistheroleofgraphiterodintheelectrometallurgyofaluminium?

12. Writethenameoforesofaluminiumandcopper.

(2marksquestions)

13. Whyisaluminiumusedforelectriccablesthoughitisrelativelylessconductingthan

copper?

14. Everyoreisamineralbuteverymineralisnotanore.Comment.

15. Givetwousesofeachofthefollowingmetals?

(i) Zinc (ii) Iron

16. Namethreemainvarietiesofiron.Whichoutofthemisthepurest?

17. Whydoblistersgenerallyappearwhenmoltencopperisallowedtocoolinbessemer

converter?

18. Whatisthesignificanceofleachingintheextractionofaluminium?

19. Whycanaluminanotbereducedbycarbon?

20. Givetheprincipleof'magneticseparation'methodofrefiningofmetals.

21. Explaintheterms:

(i) Concentrationordressingofore

(ii) Basicflux

(iii) Pyrometallurgyorthermalreduction

(iv) Calcination

Class-XII

Unit–7 (P-blockelements)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatisinertpaireffect?

2. WhyNCl5doesnotexist?

3. Aswegodownthegroupthebondangledecreasesas

NH3=107.8o, PH3=93.6o Explainit.

4. Ammoniahashigherboilingpointthanphosphine.Why?

5. Whichhydrideofgroup15elementshaslowestboilingpoint?

6. Givethenamesofthreeallotropesofphosphorus?Whichoutoftheseismost

reactive?

7. Giveonefunction(oruse)ofnitrolim(CaCN2+C)

(2marksquestions)

8. Givereactionsforthemanufactureofnitricacid,byOstwald'sprocess.

9. WhydoesammoniaactasaLewisbase?

10. Nitrousacid(HNO2)actsbothasanoxidisingagentaswellasreducingagent.How?

11. WhyallthefivebondsinPCl5arenotequivalent?Explain.

12. Whyconc.HNO3turnsyellowonexposuretosunlight?

13. WhyPCl5isknownbutPI5isnotknown?

14. WhypentahalidesofPhosphorusareformedbutpenta-halidesofnitrogenarenot

formed?

(3marksquestions)

15. (i) Whatare3isotopesofoxygen?Outofthemwhichisradioactive?

(ii) Whatare'amphotericoxides'and'neutraloxides'?

16. Likeallotherfirstelementsofthegroups,whyoxygenshowsanomalousbehaviour?

17. Writethestructuralformulaof:

H2SO4, H2S2O8, H2SO3

(Morequestions)

1. SF6isknownbutSCl6isnotknown.Why?

2. Althoughfluorineisthemostelectronegativehalogen,eventhenitistheweakestacid

amonghydrogenhalides.Why?

3. F2isbetteroxidisingagentthanCl2.Explain.

4. H2SisagasandH2Oisaliquid.Why?

5. Whychlorineshowsbleachingaction?

6. H3PO4istriproticacidOrH3PO3isdiproticacid.Why?

7. WhydoesNO2dimerise?

8. Whydoesoxygennotshow+4and+6oxidationstateslikesulphur?

9. Give2usesofHe,Ne,Ar,KrXe,Rn(noblegases)

10. Whynoblegaseshavelowboilingpoints?

Class-XII

Unit–8 (d-andf-blockelements)

(1markquestions)

1. Chromiumandcopperhaveexceptionallyhighenthalpyvaluesthanthoseoftheir

neighbours.Why?

2. Mostofthetransitionelementsshowvariableoxidationstates.Explainthereason.

3. Compoundscontainingcompletelyfilledd-orbitalsorcompletelyemptyd-orbitalsare

generallywhite.Why?

4. Whatiscrystalfieldsplitting?

5. Whatisd-dtransition?

6. Hownumberofunpairedelectronsinasubstancearerelatedtomagneticmomentof

ions(B.M.)

7. Whatislanthanoidcontraction?

(2marksquestions)

8. Oxygenstabilizesthehighestoxidationstateofametalevenmorethanfluorinein

caseof3dtransitionseriesmetals.Explain.

9. Whyagreenlayerisformedonthesurfaceofcoppermetal,if,keptinmoistair.

Explain.

10. Whyactinoidsshowlargenumberofoxidationstates?

11. Whysilverisatransitionmetalbutzincisnot?Explain.

12. Givetwodifferencesbetweenlanthanoidsandactinoids.

13. Whytransitionelementsgenerallyformcolouredcompounds?

14. WhichoutofLu(OH)3andLa(OH)3ismorebasicandwhy?

(3marksquestions)

15. WhyKMnO4titrationsarecarriedoutonlyinthepresenceofdilH2SO4.

16. EnthalpyofZincisthelowest(126KJ/mol),intheseries(Z=21)to(Z=30).Why?

17. (i) CalculatethespinonlymageticmomentofM2+(aq)(Z=27)

(ii) WhichisastrongerreducingagentCr2+orFe2+andwhy?

(Morequestions)

2. WhathappenswhenK2Cr2O7isheatedwithNaClandH2SO4?

3. HowthecolourofK2Cr2O7solutiondependsonthePHofsolution.Explain.

4. GivethestructureofCrO42−andCr2O72−ions.

5. OftheionsCo2+,Sc3+andZn2+,whichonewillgivecolouredaqueoussolutionsand

howwilleachofthemrespondtoamagneticfieldandwhy?

Class-XII

Unit–9 (Co-ordinationCompounds)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatareco-ordinationcompounds?Giveexample.

2. Whataredoublesalts?Giveexample.

3. Giveonedifferencebetweenstructuralandstereo-isomerism.

4. Definetheterms'Co-ordinationsphere'and'co-ordinationnumber'.

5. Whatareambidentateligands?Giveexample?

6. Whatareweak-fieldandstrong-fieldligands?

7. Whatarelowspincomplexesandhigh-spincomplexes?

8. GiveIUPACnamesofthefollowingco-ordinatecompounds:-

(i)

K2HgI4

(ii)

9. (iii)

(iv)

10. (v)

(vi)

CrNH33H2O3Cl

Na2FeCN5NO

CuNH34SO4

NiCO4

AuCN4−

11.

Calculatetheoxidationno.ofcentralmetalatominFeC2O433−andNiNH362

12. Whygeometricalisomerismisnotshownbycomplexeswithco-ordinationnumber4

havingtetrahedralgeometry?

(2marksquestions)

13. PredictthenumberofunpairedelectronsinthesquareplanarNiCN42−ion

14. WhyNiCN42−sol.iscolourlessbutNiH2O62solutionisgreen?

15. Explainwiththehelpofvalencebondtheory,thatNiCO4isdiamagneticand

tetrahedral.

16.

FeCN63−isweaklyparamagneticwhile

FeCN64−isdiamagnetic.Explain.

17. Givebiologicalimportanceofco-ordinationcompoundsbygiving2examples.

18. Howcrystalfieldtheoryexplainsthecoloursoftransitionmetalcomplexes?

19. NH3readilyformcomplexesbutNH4doesnot.Why?

20.

DrawthegeometricalisomersofCoCl2NH34.

21. Explainlinkageisomerismbygivingoneexample.

Class-XII

Unit–10 (HaloalkaneandHaloarenes)

(1markquestions)

1. WhyfluorinationofhydrocarbonswithF2gasoccursexplosively?

2. Writethemajorproductofthereaction:

CH2CHBrAgCN→

Alcohol

3. Give2usesofFreon.

4. Givethenameofthereaction,inwhichonlyhaloarenesaretreatedwithsodium,

formingdiaryls.

5. Whytheboilingpointsofchlorides,bromidesandiodidesareconsiderablyhigher

thanthoseofthehydrocarbonsofcomparablemolecularmass?

6. WhatisKharascheffectorperoxideeffect?

7. Give1testfordetectionofunsaturation(doubleortriplebond)inanorganic

molecule.

(2marksquestions)

8. ExplainFinkelsteinreaction.

9. Bromoalkanescanbeeasilypreparedbyrefluxingthesilversaltsofafattyacid.

Nameandexplainthereaction.

10. Explainthestabilityofthehaloalkaneshavingthesamealkylgroup.

11. Intheformationofalkenes,dehydrohalogenationisclassifiedas-elimination

reaction.Explain.

12. AccordingtoSaytzeff'srule,showsaytzeff'seliminationincaseofhaloalkanes.

13. (i) Whatisambidentnucleophile.

(ii) Give'WilliamsonSynthesis'reaction.

14. ExplainthereactivityofalkylhalidestowardsSN1reactions.

(3marksquestions)

15. Howhaloarenesarepreparedfromdiazoniumsalts.Explain,bygivingnamesofthe

reactions.

16. Forisomericalkylhalides,theboilingpointsdecreasewithbranching.Explain.

17. GivetheusesandenvironmentaleffectsofFreon/DDT/Iodoform.

Class-XII

Unit–11 (Alcohols,PhenolsandEthers)

(1markquestions)

1. Solubilityofalcoholsinwaterdecreaseswithincreaseinmolecularmassofthe

alcohol.Why?

2. Whyprimaryalcoholsarethestrongestacidsandtertiarytheweakest?

3. Whatiscouplingreaction?

4. Give2usesofethanol/methanol.

5. Whyboilingpointsofethersaremuchlowerthanthoseoftheisomericalcohols?

6. Howwillyoudistinguishbetween1-phenylethanoland2-phenylethanol. Give

reactionforthetest.

7. WritethechemicalequationforthepreparationofEthoxybenzene.

(2marksquestions)

8. Whydophenolsnotgiveprotonationreactionsreadily?

9. Whatis'rectifiedspirit'and'absolutealcohol'.

10. (i) Nameonereagentwhichisusedforthedistinctionofprimary,secondaryand

tertiaryalcohols.

(ii) HowwillyouknowwhetheragivenOHgroupisalcoholicorphenolicin

nature!

11. Howwillyousynthesisesalicylicacidfromphenol?

12. WhyareGrignardreagentssolubleinetherbutnotinbenzene?

13. Describethe'Kolbe'sreaction'.

14. Discusstheelectrophillicsubstitutionreactionsinaromaticethers.

(3marksquestions)

15. Whyalcoholsactbothasnucleophilesaswellaselectrophileswhilephenolsusually

actasnucleophilesonly?Showthereactionforboth.

16. Phenolsarestrongeracidthanalcohols.Explain.

17. (i) Sodiummetalcanbeusedfordryingdiethylether,butnotforanalcohol.

(ii) Howwillyouconvertchlorobenzenetopicricacid.

Class-XII

Unit–12 (Aldehydes,KetonesandCarboxylicacids)

(1markquestions)

1. Carbonylcompoundsmainlyshownucleophilicadditionreactions.Why?

2. WhyitisnecessarytocontrolthepHduringthereactionofaldehydesandketones

withammoniaderivatives?

3. Formicacidisstrongeracidthanaceticacid.Why?

4. Thebondlengthof>C=0incarboxylicacidisslightlylargerthanthatinaldehydes

andketones.Why?

5. Whyp-nitrobenzoicacidisstrongerthanbenzoicacid?

6. Howwillyouconvertanacidintoanesterwithoutusinganalcohol.

7. Outofp-chlorobenzoicacidandp-nitrobenzoicacidwhichisstrongerandwhy?

8. WhyarealdehydesmorereactivethanKetones?

9. GivetheIUPACnameofthefollowingcompound.

10. GiveasuitableexampleofHell-VolhardZelinskyreaction.

11. Howcanyoudistinguishanalcoholandacarboxylicacid.

12. HowwouldyouobtainAcetonefromaceticacid.

(2marksquestions)

13. Showreductionofaldehyde/ketoneby'clemmensenreduction'.

14. Howwillyouconvertacetophenonetobenzoicacid.

15. Benzaldehyde islessreactive thanacetaldehyde towardsnucleophilic addition

reactions.Explain.

16. Formaldehydegivescannizzaroreactionwhereasacetaldehydedoesnot.Explain.

17. Whyacetaldehydegivesaldolcondensation,whileformaldehydedoesnot.Explain.

18. Giveachemicaltesttodistinguishbetween

(i) acetophenoneandbenzophenone

(ii) Ethanalandpropanal

19. Giveonecolourtesttodistinguishanaldehydeandaketone.

20. Howisbenzoicacidpreparedfrom:-

(i) Toluene (ii) Benzaldehyde

21. Whyaromaticacidsaresolidsbutacidsofaceticacidgrouparemostlyliquids?

Class-XII

Unit–13 (OrganicCompoundsContainingNitrogen)

(1markquestions)

1. Whyamineshavelowerboilingpointsthanthoseofalcoholsorcarboxylicacids?

2. Whyalkylaminesaremorebasicthanammonia?

3. Whichtestcanbeusedtodistinguishbetweenprimaryaminesfromsecondaryand

tertiaryamines?Namethereactionalso.

4. Whatis'diazotisation'?

5. Whytertiaryaminesdonotundergoacylation?

6. Whydoaminesreactasnucleophiles?

7. GiveachemicaltesttodistinguishbetweenanilineandN-methylaniline.

8. AromaticprimaryaminescannotbepreparedbyGabrielphthalimidesynthesis.Why?

9. HowwillyouconvertBenzeneintoaniline?

10. Accountforthefollowing:

(i) pKbofanilineismorethanthatofmethylamine.

(ii) Diazoniumsaltsofaliphaticaminesarelessstablethanthoseofaromatic

amines.

(iii) Aliphaticaminesaremorebasicthanarylamines.

11. Whytertiaryaminesaremorebasicthanprimaryamines?

12. Loweraliphaticaminesaresolubleinwaterbuthigheraminesareinsolubleinwater.

Why?

(2marksquestions)

13. N-methylanilineisastrongerbasethananilineandN,N-dimethylanilineiseven

strongerthanN-methylaniline.Explain.

14. Explainexhausticalkylation.

15. ExplainHoffmann'seliminationreaction.

16. ExplainSchottenBaumannreaction.

17. ExplainLibermann'snitrosoreaction.

18. Give1testtodistinguishethylamineandaniline.

19. HowwillyouconvertBenzaminetobenzoicacid.

20. Howwillyouconvertnitrobenzeneintophenol.

21. AnilinedoesnotundergoFriedelcraftsalkylation.Explain.

(Morequestions)

1. Giveonechemicaltesttodistinguishbetweenmethylamineanddimethylamine.

2. Inaromaticelectrophilicsubstitutionreactions,anilineonnitrationgivesasubstantial

amountofm-nitroaniline,althoughaminogroupiso-andp-directing.

3. ExplaintheHoffmannmustardoilreaction.

4. Comparethebasicstrengthofanilineandethylamine.

Class-XII

Unit–14 (Biomolecules)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatismuta-rotation?

2. WhysucroseismuchusefulforpreservingfoodssuchasJamsandJellies,butglucose

isnotuseful?

3. Whatarenon-reducingsugars?

4. Whydentistscautionyounottoeatcandy?

5. Explaintheterm'Zwitterion'.

6. Whatisisoelectricpoint?

7. WhatisNinhydrintest?

8. Definetheterm'-helix'.

9. Whatishypervitaminoses?

10. GivethechemicalnameofvitaminA/B1/B2/C

11. Explainthedisease'phenyl-ketoneurea',whichisaenzymedeficiencydisease.

12. Namethevitamin,whichhelpsinhealingofcutsandwounds.

(2marksquestions)

13. Whatarethehydrolysisproductsofsucroseandlactose?

14. Give4structuraldifferencesbetweenDNAandRNA.

15. Explain'DNAfingerprinting'.

16. Givetherelationofnucleosides,nucleotidesandnucleicacids.

17. Whatarethedeficiencydiseasesofvitamins:

A,B1,C,D,E,K

18. Nametheenzymeswhichconvert:-

(i) SucrosetoGlucoseandfructose

(ii) MaltosetoGlucose

(iii) StarchtoGlucose

(iv) GlucosetoAlcohol

19. WhyVitaminCcannotbestoredinourbody?

20. ThetwostrandsinDNAarenotidenticalbutarecomplimentary.Explain.

21. NamethefourbasespresentinDNA.WhichoneoftheseisnotpresentinRNA?

Class-XII

Unit–15 (Polymers)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatisthedifferencebetweennaturalandsyntheticpolymers?Give2examplesof

each.

2. Whatarebiopolymers?

3. Explainvulcanization.

4. Whatisthebasicdifferencebetweenthermosettingpolymersandthermoplastic

polymers?

5. Whatarecrosslinkedpolymers?Giveoneexample.

6. Whatisthedifferencebetweennylon-6andnylon-66.

7. Howcanyoudifferentiateadditionandcondensationpolymerisation?

8. All polymers are macromolecules but all macro-molecules are not polymers.

Commentuponit.

9. HownaturalrubberispreparedfromIsoprene?

10. DifferentiateLDPandHDP

11. Give2usesofLDPandHDPeach.

(2marksquestions)

12. HowBuna-Sisobtained.

13. Whatarebiodegradablepolymers?

14. Distinguishbetweenhomopolymerandcopolymer.

15. Writechemicalequationforthepreparationofpolyvinylchloride.

16. Whatisthedifferencebetweencopolymerandhomopolymer?

17. Howisbakelitemadeandwhatisitsmajoruse.

18. Howpolyacrylonitrile(PAN)isprepared?

19. HowBuna-Nisobtained?

20. Whatarethemonomerunits,forpreparingPHBV.

21. Hownylon-2-nylon-6isobtained.

Class-XII

Unit–16 (Chemistryineverydaylife)

(1markquestions)

1. Whatischemotherapy?

2. Nameasubstancewhichcanbeusedasanantisepticaswellasdisinfectant.

3. Whatarefoodpreservatives?

4. Name2sweeteningagentsusedinthepreparationofsweetsforadiabeticpatient.

5. Howaresyntheticdetergentsbetterthansoaps.

6. Whydowerequireartificialsweeteningagents?

7. Whatarethemainconstituentsofdettol?

8. WhatistheroleofBithionalintoiletsoaps?

9. Whatareantipyretics?Giveexample.

10. Whatistheroleofanantacid?

11. Define'tranquillizer'.

12. Whatare'antihistamines'?

(2marksquestions)

13. HowAspirindrughelpsinpreventionofheartattack.

14. Brieflydiscussthecleansingactionofdetergents.

15. Withoutconsultingthedoctors,whymedicinesshouldnotbetaken?

16. Define'analgesics'.Brieflydiscussthe2categoriesofanalgesics.

17. Whatistinctureofiodine?Whatisitsuse?

18. Howdoantisepticsdifferfromdisinfectants.

19. Definethefollowingwithoneexampleineachcase.

(i) Antimalarials (ii) Antimicrobials

20. Mentiononeuseoffollowingdrugs:

(i) Ranitidine (ii)Aspirin(iii)Valium (iv)Chloramphenicol.

21. Whatareneutraldetergents?Giveexample.

Class-XII

SolidState

Marksdivision 2Marks 3Marks Total:5marks

TwoMarksQuestions

1. WhatareCrystallinesolids?Explainwithsuitableexamples.

2. WhyCrystallinesolidsarecalledlongrangeordersolids?

3. GivepropertiesofCrystallinesolids.

4. WhatareAmorphoussolids?Explainwithsuitableexamples.

5. Whyamorphoussolidsarecalledshortrangeordersolids?

6. Whatarecrystallites?Explain.

7. Whatareanisotropicandisotropicsolids?Giveexamples.

8. Whataremolecularsolids?

9. Givecharacteristicsofsolids.

10. Whyaresolidsrigidandhavespecificshape?

11. Whydosolidshaveadefinitevolume?

12. Whyisglassconsideredasasupercooledliquid?

13. Refractiveindexofasolidisobservedtohavethesamevaluealongalldirections.

Commentonthenatureofthissolid.

14. Stabilityofacrystalisreflectedinthemagnitudeofitsmeltingpointcomment.

15. Distinguishbetweentetrahedralandoctahedralvoid.

16. (i) WhyFrenkeldefectdoesnotchangethedensityofAgClCrystal.

(ii) Differentiatesubstitutionalandinterstitialsolids.

17. Distinguishbetweenhexagonalclosepackingandcubicclosepacking.

18. WritethedifferencebetweenamorphousandCrystallinesolids.

19. DistinguishbetweencrystallatticeandUnitcell.

20. Distinguishbetweenhexagonalclosepackingandcubicclosepacking.

21. Willhcpandccpforagivenelementhavesamedensity?

22. Whatisradiusratioandwhatisitssignificance?

23. Accordingtobandtheoryexplainwithdiagramdifferencebetweenaconductorand

aninsulatorandasemiconductor.

24. Whichhavemoreentropy,realcrystaloridealcrystalandwhy?

25. Whydoeszincoxideexhibitenhancedelectricalconductivityonheating?

26. Accountforthefollowing(i)Frenkeldefectsarenotfoundinalkalimetalhalides(ii)

SchottkydefectslowerthedensityofrelatedSolids.(ii)ImpuritydopedSiliconisa

semiconductor.

27. DifferencebetweenFrenkelandSchottkydefects.

28. DefineFerromagnetism,paramagnetism,ferrimagnetism,antiferromagnetism,F-

centres,diamagnetism.

29. Howwillyoucalculatetheno.ofatomsinaUnitcell.Discussbytakingdifferent

examples.

30. WhatdoyouknowaboutStoichiometricdefects,non-stoichiometricdefectsand

impuritydefects?

31. ConductivityofNaClisenhancedbytheintroductionofSrCl2astheimpurity.Why?

32. Covalentbondingoccurinbothmolecularandcovalentnetworksolidsbutthesetwo

typesofsolidsdiffergreatlyintheirhardnessandm.pt.Why.

33. DiscusstheclassificationofCrystallineSolidswithexampleandalsodiscusstheir

properties.

34. GivepropertiesofCrystallinesolidsandamorphoussolids.

35. Whatistheeffectoftemp.onelectricalconductivityofconductorsandsemi-

conductors.

36. Defineandexplainn-typeandp-typesemiconductors.

37. Whatare12-16and13-15compds?Explain.

Class-XII

p-BlockElements

Onemarkquestions.

1. NH3actsasalewisbasehow?

2. NH3isliquidwhereasPH3isagaswhy?

3. Nitrogenexistsas'N2'whereasphosphorousexistsasP4why?

4. Howammoniaactsasasolvent?

5. GivestructuresofN2O5andN2O3.

6. Whywhitephosphorousisstoredunderwater?

7. WhyO3actsasamildbleachingagent?

Twomarksquestions.

8. PCl5isknownbutNCl5isnotknown.Why.

9. NH3actsasacomplexingagenthow?Givesuitableexample.

10. Ionizationenthalpyofnitrogenismorethanoxygen.Why?

11. GivechemicalreactioninsupportoftheStatementthatallthebondsinPCl5molecule

arenotequivalent.

12. Nitricoxide(NO)isparamagneticinthegaseousstatebutdiamagneticintheliquid

andsolidstates.Why?

13. GivestructureofH3PO3andH3PO4anditsbasicity.

14. Bi+5isastrongoxidisingagentwhy?

15. Explainwhy'N'and'Bi'donotformpentahalideswhilephosphorousdoes?

16. Theelectrongainenthalpywithnegativesignforoxygen(-141KJmol-1)islessthan

thatofSulphur(-200KJmol-1)Why?

17. (i) SF6isknownbutSH6isnotknown.Why?

(ii) OF2shouldbecalledoxygendiflourideandnotflourideoxide.Why?

18. (i) SF4undergoeshydrolysisbutSF6doesnot.Why?

(ii) Amonghalogens'F2'isthestrongestoxidisingagentwhy?

19. Bondenergyof'F2'islessthan'Cl2'.Why?

20. Interhalogencompoundsaremorereactive.Why?

21. Halogensshowsomespecificcolours.Why?

22. BleachingactionofchlorineispermanentbutthatofSulphurtrioxideistemporary.

Why?

23. 'F'ismoreelectronegativethan'I',eventhenHFhasloweracidicstrengthascompare

toHI.Why?

24. Whichismoreacidicandwhy?

HClO,HIO,HBrO

25. HClO4isastrongeracidthanH2SO4.Why?

26. XenondoesnotformflouridessuchasXeF3andXeF5.Why?

27. Whydonoblegasesformcompoundswithflourineandoxygenonly?

28. WhatpromptedBarletttothediscoveryofnoblegascompounds?

29. ClF3existbutFCl3doesnot.Why?

30. Whyxenonformsmaximumno.ofcompoundswhereas'He'and'Ne'not?

31. Noblegasesareinert.Why?

32. Fluorineexhibitsonly-1oxidationstatewhereasotherhalogensexhibit+1,+3,+5

and+7oxidationstates.Explain.

33. Halogenshavemaximumnegativeelectrongainenthalpywhy?

34. Whyarepehtalialidesmorecovalentthantrihalides?

35. HowO3reactswithI2,KI,ZnS,Sb,S8andP4?

36. HowdoesSO2reactswithCl2,KMnO4,KIO3,SnCl2?

37. HowisSulphuricacidmanufactured.

38. HowisHNO3manufactured.

39. HowdoesH2SO4reactswith'C',C12H22O11,CH3CH2OH.

40. HowCl2reactswithCa(OH)2andNaOH.

Class-XII

d-andF-blockElements

Total–30marks

Onemarkquestions.

1. WhyZn2+SaltsarecolouredwhereasNi2+Saltsarecolourless.

2. Mn(II)showmaximumparamagneticbehaviouramongstthebivalentionsoftheI

transitionseries?

3. ThemeltingandboilingpointsofZn,CdandHgarelow.Why?

4. WhichoutofLa(OH)3andLu(OH)3ismorebasicandwhy?

5. Chromiumisatypicalhardmetalwhereasmercuryisaliquid.Why?

6. WhySm2,Eu2andYb2+ionsinsolutionsaregoodreducingagentsbutan

aqueoussolutionofCe4+isagoodoxidisingagent?

7. The+3oxidationstatesof'La','Gd','Lu'areespeciallystable.Why?

Twomarksquestions

8. (i) GivestructureofMn2O7

(ii) Firstionizationenthalpyof'Zn','Cd'andHg'isveryhigh.Why?

9. (i) Atomicradiiofthesecondandthirdtransitionseriesarealmostthesame

why?

(ii) Whatareinterstitialcompounds?Giveexample.

10. Whytransitionmetalsandtheircompoundsareusedascatalysts?

11. (i) Why'Zn','Cd',and'Hg'arenotconsideredastransitionelements?

(ii) GivestructureofCr2O72-andCrO42−ions.

12. Howispotassiumdichromateprepared?

13. HowdoesK2Cr2O7reactswithKI,FeSO4,SO2,NaNO2?

14. HowisKMnO4manufactured?

Threemarkquestions

15. HowdoesKMnO4reactswithCH2=CH2,H2S,KNO2,H2O2,CH3CH2OH?

16. Whatislanthanoidcontraction?Whatisitsreasonandwhatareitsconsequences?

17. DifferentiateLanthanoidsandActinoids.

18. WhyistheseparationofLanthanoidsmoredifficult?

19. ChemistryofalltheLanthanoidsarequitesimilar.Why?

20. Writethechemistryofchromylchloridetest.

21. WhyisEu2+morestablethanCe2+?

22. WhyLanthanoidsareuniformlytrivalent?

23. Explainthattransitionelementsformalloys.

24. Whydotransitionelementsformanumberofcomplexes?

25. Whydotransitionelementsform,colouredcompounds?

26. WhichisastrongerreducingagentCr2+andFe2+andWhy?

27. WhyaretransitionmetalsweakerreducingagentsascomparedtoS-blockelements?

28. WhydoZrandHfexhibitsimilarproperties?

29. WhatistheactionofheatonKMnO4?

Class-XII

Co-ordinationCompounds

Total–30marks

1. WriteIUPACnamesofthefollowingcompounds.

(i)

K3CONO36

(ii)

CoClNO2NH34Cl

(iii)

PtNH32

Cl2

(iv)

K2CuCN4

2marks

2. Writedowntheformulaeofthefollowingco-ordinationcompounds.

(i) hexaaquairon(II)sulphate

(ii) potassiumhexacyanoferrate(III) 2marks

3. Howwillyoudistinguishbetweenthefollowingisomerpairs?

(i)

CoNH35BrSO4

(ii)CoNH35SO4Br

4. [Ti(H2O)]3+iscolouredwhileFeH2O63iscolourlesswhy?

FeCN64−

isdiamagneticwhereasFeCN63−isweaklyparamagnetic.Why.

TwoMarksquestions

NiCO4

hastetrahedralgeometrywhereasNiCN42−hassquareplaner.Why?

7. [FeF6]3-andFeCN63−havedifferentmagneticproperties.Explainwhy?

K4FeCN6andK3FeCN6,whichoutofthesetwoismorestableandwhy?

9. Illustratelinkageandionisationisomerismwithexample.

10. Whatisco-ordinationisomerism?Explainwithexample.

11. Explainthedifferencesbetweenweakfieldandstrongfieldligand?

12. Whatareinnerandouterorbitalcomplexes?

13. Whatare't2g'and'eg'orbitalsexplain?

14. Discusshydrateisomerismwithexample.

ThreeMarksquestions

15. Howareligandsclassifiedasunidentate,tridentateandpolydentateligands?Give

properexamples.

16. HowisCuCN42− formed?Discussitsstructure,hybridisationandmagnetic

behaviour.

17. Writeashortnoteonopticalisomerisminco-ordinationcompounds.

Class-XII

HaloalkanesandHaloarenes

Q.No.1-7=1Mark; 8-14=2Marks; 15-17=3Marks Total–30marks

1. Whytheboilingpointofanalkylhalideishigherthanthatofcorrespondingalkane?

2. Explainwhythionylchlorideispreferredforpreparingalkylchloridesfromalcohols.

3. Ethylchlorideisagas,whereasethyliodideisaliquidatroomtemp.Explain.

4. Whyischloroformstoredindarkbrownbottles?

5. Whichcompoundgivesiodoformtest.

6. GiveexampleofWurtz-fittingreaction.

7. WritethesturcturalformulaandIUPACnameofBHC.

8. Howwillyouobtainhaloalkanesfromhydrocarbonsbyfreeradicalhalogenation?

9. Howwillyoupreparehaloalkanesfromalcohols?Givemechanism.

10. GiveHunsdieckerreactionandSwartsreaction.

11. Howwillyouexplaintherelativereactivityofhaloalkanes?

12. Explainwhyalkylhalidesshownucleophilicsubstitutionreactions?

13. Howwillyoupreparehaloarenesfromaromatichydrocarbons?Givetwoexamples.

14. Theboilingpointsofisomericdihalobenzenearenearlythesamebuttheirmelting

pointsarequitedifferent.Why?

15. Howwillyouexplainthelowreactivityofhaloarenesascomparedtohaloalkanes?

16. Accountforthefollowing.

(i) Vinylchlorideislessreactivethanethylchloride.

(ii) Benzylchlorideismorereactivethanchlorobenzenetowardsnucleophilic

substitutionreaction.

17. (i) DiscussthestereochemistryofSN2reaction.

(ii) DiscussthestereochemistryofSN1reaction.

Class-XII

HaloalkanesandHaloarenes

Morequestions:

1. Treatmentofalkylhalideswithalc.AgNO2givemainlynitroalkaneswhilethatwith

aq.NaNO2givemainlyalkylnitritesexplain.Why?

2. Alkylhalideswithaq.KOHgivealcoholsbutwithalc.KOHgivealkeneswhy?

3. Whyalkylhalidesareimmiscibleinwateralthoughtheyarepolar.

4. Whythedipolemomentofchlorobenzeneislowerthanthatofcyclohexylchloride?

5. Whyarylhalidesarelessreactivethanalkylhalides?

6. Acidicstrengthofphenolsismorethanalcoholswhy?

7. Whatareambidentnucleophiles?Explainwithexample.

8. OutofHClandSOCl2whichispreferredforconvertingethanolintochloroethaneand

why?

9. Whyisdehydrohalogenationreactioninhaloalkanestermedas-elimination?

10. HowdoproductsdifferwhenethylbromidereactsseparatelywithKCNandAgCN?

11. WhydoeselectrophilicsubstitutiontakeplaceatOrthoandParapositionin

haloarenes?

Class-XII

Alcohols,PhenolsandEthers

Q.No.1-7=1Mark; 8-14=2Marks; 15-17=3Marks Total=30Marks

1. Whycan'trectifiedspiritbeconvertedintoabsolutealcoholbysimpledistillation?

2. Givetwoimportantusesofmethanol.

3. Whyareethersinsolubleinwater?

4. Howwillyouobtainalcoholsfromhaloalkanes?

5. C2H5OHhashigherboilingpointthanC2H5Br.Why?

6. Howwillyoudistinguishbetweenethanolandmethanol?

7. Howismethanolmanufactured?

8. Howwillyoudistinguishbetween1o,2o3oalcoholsbytimetest?

9. Whatismeantbyhydroboration–oxidationreaction?Giveexample.

10. WhatisFriesrearrangementreaction?

11. BoilingpointofO-nitrophenolislessthanthatofp-nitrophenol.Explain.

12. Phenolsaremoreacidicthanalcohols.Explain.

13. Givetworeactionsshowingacidicnatureofphenol.

14. Alcoholsareeasilyprotonatedascomparetophenols.How?

15. (i) Dipolemomentofmethanolishigherthanthatofphenol.Why?

(ii) O-nitrophenolismoreacidicthanm-nitrophenol.Why?

16. (i) Diethyletherislesssolubleinwater.Why?

(ii) Ethersareusedassolventinindustry.Why?

17. Preparationofethersbyacid-catalyseddehydrationofsecondaryandtertiaryalcohols

isnotsuitablemethod.Givereason.

Morequestions:

1. Howwillyoudistinguishbetween1o,2oand3oalcoholbytimetestandvictorMeyers

method?

2. Whyalcoholsareweakeracidsthanwater?

3. OutofhalogenacidsHIismorereactivewithalcoholsthanHBrandHCljustify.

4. Outofphenolandbenzene,whichismoreeasilynitratedandwhy.

5. Arrangefollowingcompd.inincreasingorderoftheiracidstrengthandexplain.Why

itisso.

Propan-1-ol,2,4,6-trinitrophenol,nitrophenol,3,5-dinitrophenol,phenol,4-methyl

phenol.

6. Explainwhydehydrationofalcoholstoformalkenesisalwayscarriedoutwithconc.

H2SO4andnotwithconc.HCl.

7. Accountforthefactthatunlikephenol,2,4-dinitrophenoland2,4,6-tri-nitrophenol

aresolubleinaq.sodiumcarbonateSol.?

8. Whydi-tert.butylethercannotbepreparedbyWilliamson'sSynthesis.

9. HIisabetterreagentthanHBrforcleavageofethers.

10. Etherspossessadipolemomentevenifthealkylgroupsinthemoleculeareidentical.

Why?

11. WhyanonsymmetricaletherisnotpreparedbyheatingmixtureofR-OHandR1-OH

inacid?

12. WhileseparatingmixtureofOrthoandparanitrophenolsbysteamdistillation,name

theisomerwhichismorevolatile.

13. WhyOrthonitrophenolismoreacidicthanortho-methylphenol?

14. Whyphenolhassmallerdipolemomentthanmethanol?

15. WhyalcoholsareeasilyprotonatedascomparetoPhenols?

16. Whyisthattert.alcoholshowgreaterreactivitytowardshydrogenhalidethanSec.

andprim.alcohol.

17. Explainhow–OHgr.inbenzeneringactivatesittowardselectrophilicsubstitution

reaction.

18. ComparetheacidicstrengthofPrim.,Sec.andtertalcohols.

19. HowdoesthenitrationofPhenolwithdilHNO3differfromnitrationofPhenolwith

conc.HNO3inthepresenceofH2SO4.

20. ExplainwhyEthylalcoholanddimethyletherareisomericbuttheb.pt.ofethyl

alcoholishigher?

21. C-O-CbondangleinethersishigherthanH-O-HinH2Othough'O'issp3hypridised

inboththecase.

22. PhenylmethylethersreactwithHItogivephenolandmethylIodideandnot

Iodobenzeneandmethylalcohol.Why?

Class-XII

AldehydesandKetones

1. Carbonylcompdsmainlyshownucleophilicadditionreactions.Why?

2. DrawstructureofCarbonylgroupandindicatethe''and bondandthe

electrophilicandnucleophiliccentres.

3. Sodiumbisulphiteisusedforthepurificationofaldehydesandketones.Explain.

4. Whydoaldehydesandketonesundergonucleophilicadditionreaction?

5. WhyisitnecessarytocontrolpHduringthereactionsofaldehydesandketoneswith

ammoniaderivatives?

6. Whydoaldehydesandketoneshavehighdipolemoments?

7. Whybenzaldehydeislessreactivethanaliphaticaldehyde?

8. WhypKaofethanoicacidishigherthanpKaofmethanoicacid?

9. WhyCarboxylicacidsdonotgivetestsofcarbonylorhydroxylgroup?

10. WhydoesHCOOHdoesnotgiveHVZreaction,butCH3COOHgives.

11. ChloroaceticacidisStrongerthanaceticacidandwhy?

12. Formicacidisstrongeracidthanaceticacidwhy?

13. Inthepreparationofanesterbythereactionofcarboxylicacidandalcohol,esteris

distilledasfastasitisformed.Why?

14. Whichoneisstrongeracidandwhy?

15. Fluoroaceticacidisstrongeracidthanchloroaceticacidwhy?

16. Trichloroaceticacidisstrongeracidthandichloroaceticacidthanaceticacidwhy?

17. Thebondlengthof >C=0incarboxylicacidisslightlylargerthanthatinaldehydes

andketoneswhy?

18. Whyp-nitrobenzoicacidisstrongeracidthanbenzoicacid?

19. Theb.ptsofacidanhydridesarehigherthanthatofcorrespondingcarboxylicacids

fromwhichtheyareformedwhy?

20. Whyp-Nitrobenzoicacidisstrongerthanbenzoicacid?

21. Benzoicacidisstrongeracidthanacidandwhy?

22. Howwillyouconvertanacidintoanesterwithoutusinganalcohol?

23. Outofmethanoicacidandehanoicacid,whichhashigherpKavalueandwhy?

24. Acidhydrolysisofestersisofreversiblenature,whilealkalinehydrolysisis

irreversible?Why.

25. Fluorineismoreelectronegativethanchlorine,butp-fluorobenzoicacidisaweaker

acidthanp-chlorobenzoicacid.

26. Althoughphenoxideionhasmoreno.ofresonatingstructuresthancarboxylateion,

carboxylicacidisstrongeracidthanphenol.Why?

27. AceticacidcanbehalogenatedinthepresenceofredPandCl2butformicacidcannot

behalogenatedinthesameway.Explain?

28. Outofp-chlorobenzoicacidandp-nitrobenzoicacidwhichisstrongerandwhy?

29. Mostaromaticacidsaresolidswhileaceticacidandotheracidsofthisseriesare

liquidswhy?

30. DiscussstructureofCarboxylicacids.Howdoyouaccountforacidiccharacterof

Carboxylicacids?

31. Formaldehydegivescannizzaro'sreactionwhereasacetaldehydedoesnot.Why.

32. p-hydroxybenzoicacidislessacidicthanbenzoicacidwhereasorthohydroxy

benzoicacidisabout15timesmoreacidicthanbenzoicacid.Why?

33. Hydrazonesofacetaldehydearenotpreparedinhighlyacidicmedium.Why?

34. Whyaldehydesaremorereactivethanketones?

Class-XII

NitrogenousCompds

1. Electrophilicsubstitutionincaseofaromaticaminestakesplacemorereadilythan

benzene.Why?

2. Whyisaryldiazoniumionismorestablethanalkyldiazoniumion?

3. Itisdifficulttopreparepureaminebyammonolysisofalkylhalides.

4. Whyisanilinelessbasicthanethylamine?

5. AlthoughaminogroupisO-andp-directinginaromaticelectrophilicsubstitution

reactions,anilineonnitrationgivesasubstantialamountofm-nitroaniline.

6. Howisindicatormethylorangeobtained?

7. Sulphanilicacidissolubleindil.NaOHbutnotindilHCl.Explain.

8. p-methoxyanilineisaStrongerbasethananilinebutp-nitroanilineisaweakerbase

thananiline.Explain.

9. CH3CONH2isaweakerbasethanCH3CH2NH2why.

10. AnilinedoesnotundergoFriedel-Craftsreactionwhy?

11. Arrangethefollowinginincreasingorderoftheirbasicstrengthandgivereason.

CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH and (CH3)3N

C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH and (C2H5)3N

12. WhyaromaticprimaryaminescannotbepreparedbyGabrielphthalmideSynthesis?

13. WhydoesCuSO4solutiongivesdeepbluecolourwithMeNH2?

14. Whyareamidespartiallyneutralinnature?

15. ExplaintheobservedpKborderofMe2NH,MeNH2andMe3N.

16. Howdocyanidesandisocyanidesdifferintheirstructure?

17. Whichismorebasicaliphaticaminesorammoniaandwhy?

18. Amidesareweakerbasesthanamineswhy.

19. Whyprimaryamineshavehigherboilingpointthantertiaryamines?

20. Whyarearomaticaminesweakerbasesthanaliphaticamines?

21. Differentiatebetweenalkylcyanidesandisocyanides.

22. Whyisnucleophilic substitution of p-nitrochlorobenzeneeasierthanthatof

chlorobenzene?

23. Whyanilineisaweakerbasethancyclohexylamine.Explain.

24. Anilinehasahigherb.pt.thanchlorobenzene.Why?

25. Whyisanilinesolubleindil.HClwhilenitrobenzeneisinsolubleindil.HCl?

26. IsitpossibletoprepareanilinebyGabrielPhthalmideSyn?

27. Ethylamineissolubleinwaterwhereasanilineisinsoluble.Why?

28. Intrimethylamine,thebondangleis108o.Explain.

Class-XII

Biomolecules

Q.No.1-7=1Mark; 8-14=2Marks; 15-17=3Marks Total=30Marks

1. Whatisbiochemistry?

2. Whatarebiochemicals?

3. Whataredisaccharides?Giveoneexample.

4. WhatismeantbyinversionofSugar?

5. Whatisinvertsugar?

6. Whatproductsareobtainedwhenlactoseishydrolysed?

7. Whatismuta-rotation?

8. Drawthestructureofcellulose.

9. Glucoseissolubleinwaterbutcyclohexaneorbenzeneisnotsolubleinwater.Why?

10. Howisglucoseprepared?

11. Howdoesglucosereactwithtollen'sreagent?

12. DiscusstheevidenceleadingtocyclicstructureofD(+)glucose.

13. Explainthemaindifferencesbetween-glucoseand-glucose.

14. Discussstructureoffructose.

15. (i) Whatareaminoacids?DescribeZwitterionstructure.

(ii) Explainisoelectricpointofaminoacids.

16. Whatispeptidelinkage?Givedifferencesbetweenpolypeptideandprotein.

17. Explainthetertiarystructureofproteins.Whattypeofbondingisresponsiblefor

theirstructures?

Morequestions.

18. WhatistheeffectofdenaturationontheStructureofproteins?

19. Whatdoyoumeanbydenaturationofproteins?

20. Whatareenzymesandco-enzymes?Mentionvariousstepsinvolvedinanenzyme

catalysedreaction.

21. Differentiatebetweenprimaryandsecondarystructureofproteins.

22. Differentiatebetweennucleosideandnucleotide.

23. Whatarenucleicacids?Namethetypesofbasespresentinthesenucleicacids.

24. Differentiatebetweenriboseandde-oxyribose.

25. TwostrandsofDNAarenotidenticalbutarecomplementarycomment.

26. ExplainthetermmutationinDNA.

27. GivedifferencesbetweenRNAandDNA.

28. Describebrieflytranscriptionandtranslation.

29. Whatisgeneticengineering?Whatareitsaims?

30. Whatismeantbymutation?Whataretheconsequencesofmutation?

Class-XII

Biomolecules

Morequestions.

1. Writethestructureofadenosinetriphosphateindicatingclearlytheenergyrichbonds.

Howdoesthismoleculeformthesourceofenergy?

2. Whatisapeptidebond?Giveanexample.

3. Givedifferencesbetweenpolypeptideandproteins;fibrousandglobularproteins.

4. Givedifferencebetweennucleotideandnucleoside.

5. Stateimportanceofbiotechnologyindailylife.

6. Givedifferencebetweenenzymesandchemicalcatalysts.

7. Whatarereducingandnon-reducingsugars?

8. Whatchangesoccurduringdigestionofaproteininhumans?

9. GivefunctionsofvarioustypesofRNAfoundinthecell.

10. Givedifferencebetweenenzymeandco-enzyme;-helixand-pleatedstructure.

11. GivedifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondarySt.ofProtein.

12. EnumeratestructuraldifferencebetweenDNAandRNA.

13. ExplainmutarotationwiththehelpofD-glucose.

14. HowdoesDNAreplicate?Describethemechanismofreplication.Howisthe

replicationresponsibleforpreservationofheredity?

15. Commentonspecificityofenzymeaction.Givereasonforspecificity.

16. Aminoacidsareamphotericinnature.Why?

17. Onelectrolysisinacidicsol.aminoacidsmigratetowardscathodewhileinalkaline

sol.thesemigratetowardsanode.Why?

18. WritedownthestructuresandnamesoftheproductswhenD-glucoseistreatedwith

aceticanhydride,hydrocyanicacid,bromine,conc.HNO3andHI.

19. Enumeratetherxsofglucosewhichcannotbeexplainedbyopenchainst.

20. AmyloseandcellulosearebothstraightchainPolysaccharidescontainingonlyD-

glucoseunits.Whatisstructuraldifferencebetweentwo?

21. Whichforcesareresponsibleforthestabilityof–helix?Whyisitnamedas3.613

helix?

22. Whatarecomplementarybases?ShowH-bondingbetweenadenine,thymine,guanine

andcytosine.

Class-XII

Polymers

Q.No.1-7=1Mark; 8-14=2Marks; 15-17=3Marks Total=30Marks

1. Whatarehomopolymers?Giveoneexample.

2. Whatarecopolymers?Giveexample.

3. Writethepreparationofpolypropylene.

4. Writetwousesofteflon.

5. ExplainthedifferencesbetweenBuna-NandBuna-Srubber.

6. Whatarethemonomerunitsofbakelite?

7. Whatisvulcanisation?Whyisrubbervulcanised?

8. Explainadditionandcondensationpolymersgivingoneexampleineachcase.

9. Explainthelinearandcrosslinkedpolymerswithexample.

10. Howarelowdensitypolythyleneandhighdensitypolythylenemanufactured?

11. Explainhowdo1,3-butadienepolymerise?

12. HowisteflonSynthesized?

13. WriteequationfortheSynthesisofpolymethylmethacrylate.

14. Whatisthedifferencebetweennylon-6andnylon66?

15. Hownylon66issynthesized?Whyisitcallednylon66?

16. Whatisnaturalrubber?Howisitsynthesized?

17. (i) Howacetyleneisconvertedintoneoprene?

(iii) Howareteryleneandglyptalprepared?

Class-XII

ChemistryinEverydaylife

Q.No.1-7=1Mark; 8-14=2Marks; 15-17=3Marks Total=30Marks

1. Whatismeantbychemotherapy?

2. Whichforcesareinvolvedinholdingthedrugstotheactivesiteofenzymes?

3. Whatismeantbyactivesiteandallostericsite?

4. Whatareantagonistsandagonists?

5. Whataretranquillizers?Giveexample.

6. Whythemedicinesshouldnotbetakenwithoutconsultingthedoctors?

7. Whyparacetamolispreferredtoaspirin?

8. Whatisheroin?Whatisitschemicalname?

9. Whatareartificialsweeteningagents?Giveexamples.

10. Whatarefoodpreservatives?

11. (i) Whyisbithionoladdedtosoap?

(ii) WhydetergentsarecalledSoaplesssoaps?

12. (i) Whyistheuseofaspartamelimitedtocoldfoodsanddrinksonly?

(ii) WhatisBHAandBHT?

13. WhatdoyouunderstandbyAntacids?

14. WhyarecimetidineandranitidinebetterantacidsthanSodiumbicarbonateor

magnesiumhydroxide?

15. Howdoantisepticsanddisinfectantsdiffer?

16. Whatareantibiotics?Explain.

17. DiscussthevarietiesofSoaps.