Types of Chemical Reactions s3

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Synthesis: A + B Þ C

Decomposition: A Þ B + C

Single Replacement: A + BX Þ B + AX

Double Replacement: AB + CD Þ AD + BC

Combustion : HC + O2 Þ CO2 + H2O

SYNTHESIS:

2 elements ® compound

Fe + S ® FeS

a. NMO + H2O ®Acid CO2 + H2O ®H2CO3

(acid anhydride)

b. MO + H2O ® Base

(basic anhydride) CaO + H2O ® Ca(OH)2

c. MO + NMO ® Salt CO2 + Na2O ® Na2CO3

DECOMPOSITION: ( inverse of synthesis except chlorates)

a. 1 compound ® elements

AB ® A + B H2O ® H2 + O2

b. Acid ® NMO(acidic oxide)+ H2O

H2CO3 ® H2O + CO2

c. M(OH)2 ® MO + H2O

Mg(OH)2 ® MgO + H2O

d. MCO3 ® CO2 + MO

CaCO3 ® CO2 + CaO

e. MClO3 ® MCl + O2 (no reverse)

KClO3 ® KCl + O2

SINGLE REPLACEMENT: (need activity series-just list)

A + BX ® AX + B

a. More active metal replaces a less active metal

Fe + Cu(NO3)2 ® Fe(NO3)2 + Cu

b. Some active metals and Water

Na + H2O ® NaOH

c. Zn, Fe, Al replace H in acid

Zn + HCl ® ZnCl2 + H2

d. More active halogen will replace a less active halogen

Cl2 + NaBr ® NaCl + Br2

DOUBLE REPLACEMENT:

AX + BY ® AY + BX

a. Acid + base ®salt and water (Neutralization Rx)

KOH + H2SO4 ® K2SO4 + H2O

b. salt and acid ® acidic salt and acid (g)

(sulfite, carbonate and ammonium)

NaCl + H2SO4 ® Na2 SO4 + HCl

c. Soluble salts ® insoluble salts and soluble salt

AgNO3 + NaCl ® AgCl (s) + NaNO3

COMBUSTION :

HC + O2® CO2 + H2O