SupportingInformation

Surveys

Turkey.WeutilizedatafromthreesurveysconductedinTurkey.Inthefirst oneweinterviewedaprobabilitysampleof1,214adultsinthecityofIstanbulbetweenNovember20andDecember15,2013,fivemonthsaftertheGeziprotests.TheselectionofhouseholdsstartedwiththerandomselectionofonehundredandoneneighborhoodsfromthedistrictsofIstanbulwithaprobability-proportional-to-sizeprinciple.Streetswithintheseneighborhoodsandhouseholdswereselectedusingarandomselectiontable.Ineachhouseholdtheindividualtobeinterviewedwasselectedaccordingtotheirfirst names.Whentheinterviewcouldnotbecompletedwiththeselectedrespondent,theinterviewerstriedtoreachtheindividualforasecondtime.Inthecaseofanunsuccessfulsecondattemptanewhouseholdwasselectedrandomly,andthisprocesswasrepeateduntilaninterviewiscompleted.Theresponseratewas21%.ThefieldworkwasconductedbyInfaktoResearchWorkshop.

AnimportantcontemporaneoussourceabouttheGeziParkprotestsisastudybyKondaResearchConsultancy,aprivatepollingfirm (Konda,2013).ItwascarriedoutonJune6-8,2013,atimewhenthepolicehadretreatedfromtheTaksimSquareareaandtheparkservedasacenterofassemblyforprotestersandcivilsocietyorganizations.ThegoaloftheKondasurveywastoprovideaprofile oftheprotesters.Theydividedtheparkinto10zonesofequalsizeandinterviewed4,393protesters,inroughlyequalnumbersacrossthesezones,inanon-stopshiftoverthetwodays.

AdditionalinformationcitedabouttheTurkishpublic’sperceptionsoftheGeziprotestsdrawonKondaResearchConsultancy’sJuly2013Barometersurvey(Konda,2014).KondaResearchhasbeenconductingmonthlyfield surveyssince2010onasamplepopulationthatisrepresentativeofTurkishpopulation.TheJuly2013BarometerfocusedonperceptionsoftheGeziprotests,andthefieldworkwasconductedonJuly6-7.Withinthescopeofthesurvey,2,629respondents were interviewedface-to-facein150neighborhoodsandvillagesof98districtsof28provinces.

Brazil.Asacontemporaneoussourceonpublicopinionabouttheprotests,wedrawontwosurveysconductedbythefirm Datafolha.OneofthesesurveysdrewarepresentativesampleoftheSa˜oPaulopopulationandwasconductedbyDatafolhaonJune18.95 Datafolhainterviewed805residentsofS˜aoPauloatseveralpointsofhighconcentrationspreadacrossthecity.Respondentswererandomlyselected,andwerescreenedusingquotasforgenderandage.

DatafolhaalsoconductedasurveyofprotestersatthemeetingpointofLargodeBatataonJune17,2013(Datafolha2013b).Thiswasthedaythattheprotestsballoonedasthenewsofpolicerepressionhadbroken,andthemediaandpoliticalelitesstartedtocriticizepoliceactions.Datafolhaestimatedthat65,000peopleparticipatedinthisprotest.Theinterviewed766individualsatthemainassemblypoint.Toconducttheinterviews,theprotestwasdividedinsectors,whichcorrespondedtoblocks.Eachsectorwasassignedtoanenumerator,whoconductedseparateroundsofinterviewseveryhourineachblock.Respondentswererandomly selected.

WealsoconductedarepresentativesamplesurveyinthecityofSa˜oPaulo.Thissurveyprovidesinsightsontheopinionsofbothparticipantsandnonparticipantsoftheprotests.Thefieldworkwasconductedbythefirm An´alise,PesquisaePlanejamentodeMercadobetweenNovember20and December23.Interviewswereconductedviaphone.Householdswereselectedusing randomdigitdialing,withquotas forneighborhood,gender,age,andlevelofeducation.Individualswereselectedaccordingtotheirfirstnames.Whentheinterviewcouldnotbecompletedwiththeselectedrespondent,the interviewerstriedtoreachtheindividualforasecondtime.Inthecaseofanunsuccessfulsecondattemptanewhouseholdwasselectedrandomly,andthisprocesswasrepeateduntilaninterviewiscompleted.Theresponseratewas10%.

Kiev.AnimportantsourceabouttheprotestersintheEuroMaidanisthesurvey conductedbytheKievInternationalInstituteofSociology(KIIS).SimilartoKonda’sandDatafolha’ssurveysinIstanbulandSa˜oPaulo,respectively,theKIISsurveywasacontemporaneousconveniencesampleofprotesterswhowerepresentattheEuroMaidan.Itwasconductedwith1,037respondentsonDecember7-8,2013(theweekendoflargedemonstrations),aweekaftertheinitialBerkutattack.

AppendixC:Interviews

Ourresearchinvolvedextensiveinterviewswithmanymoreindividualsthanthoseciteddirectlyinthispaper.Thelistbelowincludesjustthosewhomweciteinthepagesabove.

Turkey

  • Ahmet Şık.InterviewedbyGulay Türkmen and Susan Stokes,Istanbul,July11,2014.
  • Anonymousactivist.2014.InterviewedbyGulay Türkmen and Susan Stokes,Istanbul,July13,2014.
  • Anonymousactivist.2014.InterviewedbyGulay Türkmen and Susan Stokes,Istanbul,July18,2014.
  • Anonymousactivistanddoctor.2014.InterviewedbyGulay Türkmen and Susan Stokes,Istanbul,July18,2014.

Brazil

  • AnonymousMPLleader.2014.InterviewedbyLuis SchiumeriniandSusan Stokes,Sa˜oPaulo,May26,2014.
  • AnonymousofficerofSa˜oPaulopolice.2014.InterviewedbyLuis SchiumeriniandSusan Stokes,S˜aoPaulo,May26,2014.
  • AnonymousofficerofSa˜oPaulopolice. InterviewedbyLuis SchiumeriniandSusan Stokes,S˜aoPaulo,May26,2014.
  • ColonelMorelli 2014.Interviewed byLuis SchiumeriniandSusan Stokes, Sa˜oPaulo,May 27,2014.

  • ColonelGlauco Silva de Carvalho 2014.Interviewed byLuis SchiumeriniandSusan Stokes, Sa˜oPaulo,May 30,2014.

Ukraine

  • Anonymous newspapereditor.2014. Interviewed by Leonid PeisakhinandAnastasia Rosovskaya, Kiev,July2,2014.
  • Tetiana Chornovol. 2014. Interviewed by Leonid Peisakhin and Anastasia Rosovskaya,Kiev,June26,2014.
  • Vitaliy Portnikov. 2014. Interviewed by Leonid Peisakhin and Anastasia Rosovskaya,Kiev,June26,2014.
  • Ihor Lusenko. 2014. Interviewed by Leonid Peisakhin and Anastasia Rosovskaya,Kiev,June 28, 2014.
  • Bohdana Babych. 2014. Interviewed by Leonid Peisakhin and Anastasia Rosovskaya,Kiev,June26,2014.