Supplementary Material

Climate change response in Europe: What's the reality?

Analysis of adaptation and mitigation plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries

Contents

Supplementary Methods

Selection process of planning documents

Content analysis of planning documents

Supplementary Tables

Supplementary Table S1: List and names of urban climate change mitigation and adaptation plans.

Supplementary Table S2: Distribution of climate change plans across the selected European countries.

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figure S1: Breadth of climate change plans over time.

Additional References in Online Material

Supplementary Methods

Selectionprocess of planning documents

Policy documents of all cities were obtained from local government websites through internet search or retrieved from planning offices or the city administrationthrough direct contact. For the internet searchfollowing steps were followed:

  1. Search ina common search engine with following keywords: [city name] Klimaschutz, Klimaschutzkonzept, Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept, Anpassung an den Klimawandel (in the German case), or [city name] cambio climático, plan mitigación, plan mitigación cambio climático, adaptación cambio climático, plan adaptación cambio climático, ayuntamiento cambio climático, ayuntamiento medioambiente (in the Spanish case) and similar in the other respective languages;
  2. Search on the website of the city authority, in particular their environment, sustainability, energy and/or climate departments (or equivalent) of the local authority;

Content analysis of planning documents

The documents were analysed concerning their targets and foci. A scoping study focused on German and Austrian documents to derive an initial code for document analysis using Grounded Theory (Glaser and Strauss 1967). Grounded Theory is a systematic methodology deriving theory through the analysis of data (e.g. a text). Grounded theory starts with data collection and its analysis by which a theory or categorization of a subject is derived, rather than beginning with a hypothesis. In an iterative process the code was further developed and completed while analysing additional documents under the contribution of lead partners in the team.

Supplementary Tables

Supplementary Table S1: List and names of urban climate change mitigation and adaptation plans.This table names the original titles of all policy documents reviewedand, where applicable, the height of the reduction targets ofgreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (see note to uncertainty below). The cities are ordered according to the height of their reduction target in order to allow cross-reference with Figure 3 in the article.Capital cities and cities of the C40 network are highlighted in Capital to ease positioning of these and other cities in the carbon tree. n.a. - Not available; n.y. – no year. The figure in brackets after the strategy name refers to the year of publication or latest information available at time of research. All plans were published by the relevant local authority or the equivalent government office, or an authority or organization commissioned by the relevant local authority.

Note on the uncertainty arising from the scope of GHG/CO2 mitigation plans:

As indicated in the article, there is no uniform accounting and reporting method for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cities in Europe—with variation with regards to the sectors and gases included (e.g Dodman 2011). Some have been proposed (e.g. DEFRA, 2009), but they can be specific to spatial scales or countries. France is probably the most advanced country in that respect having a uniform reporting scheme developed as part of the Grenelle de l’Environnement. Besides, it is particularly difficult to record gases other than CO2 at a municipal scale (e.g. Climate Alliance, 2011). The majority of cities in our sample specifically state their scope is CO2. However, about 18% of plans that contain quantitative targets refer to GHGs more generally and do not specify which gases other than CO2, if any, are included. CO2 is the dominant GHG emitted in European cities accounting for about 85% of the global warming potential at the European scale (Cerrutti et al. 2013). Here, our comparative analyses provide an indicative estimate of urban ambitions – rather than an absolute measure of GHG reduction. Evidently, more robust GHG emissions accounting standards for urban areas are required to enable more precise comparison.

City / Country / Mitigation strategy name / Reduction target of GHG emissions [%] / Adaptation strategy name
Cities without GHG reduction target, sorted by country
Innsbruck / Austria / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Salzburg / Austria / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Brugge / Belgium / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Charleroi / Belgium / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Liège / Belgium / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Namur / Belgium / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Tartu / Estonia / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Oulu / Finland / Oulu Region Climate Strategy(2009) / 0 / Oulu Region Climate Strategy(2009)
Turku / Finland / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Aix-en-Provence / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Ajaccio / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Amiens / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Cayenne / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Clermont-Ferrand / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Fort-de-France / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Le Havre / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Lens - Liévin / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Limoges / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Marseille / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Metz / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Montpellier / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Nancy / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Nice / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Orléans / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Pointe-á-Pitre / France / na / 0 / n.a.
Poitiers / France / Contrat Local Initiative Climat Grand Poitiers(2007) / 0 / n.a.
Reims / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Rouen / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Saint Denis / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Toulon / France / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Darmstadt / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Erfurt / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Frankfurt an der Oder / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Halle an der Saale / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Köln / Germany / Klimaschutzkonzept Köln – vorgezogenes Sofortmaß-nahmenprogramm(2011) / 0 / Klimawandelgerechte Metropole Köln - Strategien zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel (2012)
Magdeburg / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Regensburg / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Saarbrücken / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Schwerin / Germany / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Trier / Germany / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept derRegionTrier(2011) / 0 / n.a.
Cork / Ireland / Cork City Council Climate Change Strategy(2010) / 0 / n.a.
Dublin / Ireland / Climate Change Strategy for Dublin City(2008) / 0 / n.a.
Galway / Ireland / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Limerick / Ireland / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Ancona / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Cagliari / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Campobasso / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Caserta / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Catania / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Catanzaro / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Cremona / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Foggia / Italy / Piano Energetico Comunale(2007) / 0 / n.a.
L'Aquila / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Napoli / Italy / Piano d’Azione 20-20-20(2008) / 0 / n.a.
Pescara / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Potenza / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Reggio di Calabria / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Sassari / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Taranto / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Trento / Italy / Piano Energetico Ambientale del Comune di Trento: Trento per Kyoto(2007) / 0 / n.a.
Trieste / Italy / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Venezia / Italy / Piano Energetico Comunale(2009) / 0 / n.a.
Alicante/
Alacant / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Badajoz / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Bilbao / Spain / Plan Local de Acción contra el Cambio Climático de Bilbao(2010) / 0 / n.a.
Córdoba / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Coruña, A / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Gijón / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Las Palmas / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Murcia / Spain / Estrategia Local frente al cambio climático del Municipio de Murcia(2008) / 0 / Estrategia Local frente al cambio climático del Municipio de Murcia (2008)
Oviedo / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Palma di Mallorca / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Santa Cruz de Tenerife / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Santander / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Santiago de Compostela / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Toledo / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Valladolid / Spain / Plan de Actuación de la Agencia Energética Municipal de Valladolid(2002) / 0 / n.a.
Vigo / Spain / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Almere / The Netherlands / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Apeldoorn / The Netherlands / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Eindhoven / The Netherlands / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Belfast / United Kingdom / Sustainable Development Action Plan 2009-11(2009) / 0 / Sustainable Development Action Plan 2009-11 (2009)
Derry / United Kingdom / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Gravesham / United Kingdom / Climate Change and Environmental Protection –Baseline (2009) / 0 / n.a.
Lincoln / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy Phase 1 (2005) / 0 / Climate Change Strategy Phase 1 (2005)
Portsmouth / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy(2009) / 0 / Climate Change Strategy (2009)
Stevenage / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy(2009) / 0 / n.a.
Stoke-on-Trent / United Kingdom / Draft Sustainability and CC (2010) / 0 / DraftSustainability and CC (2010)
Wrexham / United Kingdom / n.a. / 0 / n.a.
Cities with GHG reduction target, sorted in the order as given in the Carbon Tree
Perugia / Italy / Piano Energetico Ambientale Comunale(2005) / 6.5 / n.a.
Rome / Italy / Piano d'Azione per Kyoto(2004) / 6.5 / n.a.
Düsseldorf / Germany / Klimaschutzprogramm (2008) / 10 / Klimaschutzprogramm (2008)
Palermo / Italy / Piano Energetico Comunale (2000) / 10 / n.a.
Worcester / United Kingdom / Worcester City Council Climate Change strategy (2009) / 10 / Worcester City Council Climate Change strategy (2009)
Aberdeen / United Kingdom / Climate Change Action Programme (2002) / 12 / Climate Change Action Programme (2002)
Salerno / Italy / Proposta di Piano Energetico Comunale (2009) / 13 / n.a.
Gent / Belgium / Lokaal Klimaatplan 2008 – 2020 (2008) / 20 / n.a.
Koblenz / Germany / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept für die Stadt Koblenz(2011) / 20 / n.a.
Mainz / Germany / Energiekonzept Mainz 2005-2015– Energie und Verkehr (2008) / 20 / n.a.
Potsdam / Germany / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept, (2010) / 20 / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept (2010)
Tallinn / Estonia / Tallinna säästva energiamajanduse tegevuskava aastateks 2011-2021; "Energy savingsplan..." (2011) / 20 / n.a.
Barcelona / Spain / PECQ - Pla d l'Energia, el Canvi Climàtic i la Qualitat de l'Aire de la ciutat de Barcelona (2011) / 20 / n.a.
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat / Spain / Pla d'Acci'o per l'Energia Sostenible (n.y.) / 20 / n.a.
Logroño / Spain / Plan Local para la lucha contra el cambio climático (n.y.) / 20 / n.a.
Málaga / Spain / Plan de Acción para la Energía Sostenible de Málaga (2010) / 20 / n.a.
Pamplona/Iruña / Spain / Plan de Acción para la Energía Sostenible de Pamplona (n.y.) / 20 / n.a.
Sevilla / Spain / Plan de Acción para la Energía Sostenible de Sevilla (2010) / 20 / n.a.
Valencia / Spain / Plan de Acción para la Energía Sostenible de Valencia (2010) / 20 / Plan de Acción para la Energía Sostenible de Valencia (2010)
Vitoria/Gasteiz / Spain / Plan de Lucha Contra el Cambio Climático 2010-2020 (2010) / 20 / Plan de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de Vitoria-Gasteiz (2012)
Grenoble / France / Plan Climat Grenoble Alpes Métropole (2005) / 20 / Adaptation au changement climatique (2006)
Besançon / France / Plan Climat Energie du territoire du Grand Besançon (n.a.) / 20 / n.a.
Caen / France / Plan Climat Energie Caen-Métropole: Diagnostic-Stratégie, un cadre d’actions pour agir (2010) / 20 / Etude sur les impacts, la vulnérabilité et l'adaptation du Calvados au changement climatique (2011)
Dijon / France / ILLICO² - Plan Climat Energie du Grand Dijon (2010) / 20 / n.a.
Saint-Etienne / France / Plan Climat Saint Etienne Métropole (2011) / 20 / Plan Climat Saint Etienne Métropole (2011)
Toulouse / France / Livre Blanc du Plan Climat (2012) / 20 / Livre Blanc du Plan Climat (2012)
Firenze / Italy / Piano di Azione per l'Energia Sostenibile del Comune di Firenze (2011) / 20 / n.a.
Modena / Italy / Piano d'Azione per l’energia sostenibile (2011) / 20 / n.a.
Bari / Italy / Piano di Azione per l'Energia Sostenibile (2011) / 20 / n.a.
Milan / Italy / Piano d'Azione per l’energia sostenibile e il clima (2009) / 20 / n.a.
Verona / Italy / Proposta di Piano d’Azione per l’Energia Sostenibile (2010) / 20 / n.a.
Padova / Italy / Piano d'Azione per l’energia sostenibile (2011) / 20 / Piano Clima (n.y.)
Heerlen / The Netherlands / Klimaatbeleidsplan Heerlen 2010-2020 (n.y.) / 20 / n.a.
Newcastle upon Tyne / United Kingdom / Citywide Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan 2010 – 2020 (2010) / 20 / Citywide Climate Change Strategy & Action Plan 2010 – 2020 (2010)
Wirral / United Kingdom / Wirral Climate Change Strategy (2007) / 20 / Wirral Climate Change Strategy (2007)
Vienna / Austria / Klimaschutzprogramm Wien (2009) / 21 / n.a.
Genova / Italy / Piano d'Azione per l’energia sostenibile (2010) / 23.7 / n.a.
Moers / Germany / Integriertes kommunales Klimaschutzkonzept, Stadt Moers (2011) / 24 / Flächenbericht 2009 - Stadt Moers (2010)
Freiburg im Breisgau / Germany / Klimaschutzstrategie der Stadt Freiburg (2007) / 25 / n.a.
Nottingham / United Kingdom / Draft Community CC strategy (2011) / 26 / Draft Community CC strategy (2011)
Exeter / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy 2008-18 (2008) / 26 / Climate Change Strategy 2008-18 (2008)
Cardiff / United Kingdom / Carbon Lite Action Plan (2010) / 26 / Carbon Lite Action Plan (2010)
Karlsruhe / Germany / Klimaschutzkonzept Karlsruhe (2009) / 27 / Anpassung an den Klimawandel (2012)
Bologna / Italy / Programma Energetico Comunale (2007) / 27.9 / n.a.
Brescia / Italy / Piano Energetico Comunale (2002) / 28 / n.a.
Brussels / Belgium / Vers une Region Bruxelloise sobre en carbone a l'horizon 2025 (2010) / 30 / n.a.
Zaragoza / Spain / Estrategia de Cambio Climático y Calidad del Aire de Zaragoza (2009) / 30 / Estrategia de Adaptación al Cambio Climático en la ciudad de Zaragoza (2010)
Strasbourg / France / Plan Climat territorial de la Communauté urbaine de Strasbourg (2010) / 30 / n.a.
Arnhem / The Netherlands / Arnhems Klimaatprogramma 2008-2011 (2009) / 30 / n.a.
Enschede / The Netherlands / Nieuwe Energie voor Enschede “Versnellen en verscherpen van klimaataanpak door energie (2010) / 30 / n.a.
Graz / Austria / KEK - Kommunales Energiekonzept (2011) / 30 / n.a.
Glasgow / United Kingdom / Sustainable Glasgow Report 2010 (2010) / 30 / Sustainable Glasgow Report (2010)
Kingston-upon-Hull / United Kingdom / Climate Change 2010-20 A low carbon framework (2010) / 34 / Climate Change 2010-20 A low carbon framework (2010)
Liverpool / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategic Framework: A prospectus of action (2009) / 35 / Climate Change Strategic Framework: A prospectus of action (2009)
Wolverhampton / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009-12 (2009) / 35 / Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009-12 (2009)
Helsinki / Finland / Capital Region Climate Strategy 2030 (2007) / 39 / n.a.
Bielefeld / Germany / Handlungsprogramm Klimaschutz 2008-2020 (Klimaschutzteilkonzept) (2008) / 40 / Anpassungslösungen zur Milderung der Belastung für die überwärmten Stadtgebiete und zum Schutz der stadtnahen Waldgebiete (Klimaschutzteilkonzept) (2011)
Bremen / Germany / Klimaschutz- und Energieprogramm 2020 (2009) / 40 / n.a.
Dortmund / Germany / Handlungsprogramm Klimaschutz2020 (2011) / 40 / n.a.
Hannover / Germany / Klima-Allianz Hannover 2020 (2008) / 40 / n.a.
Nürnberg / Germany / Klimaschutzfahrplan 2010/2020 (2010) / 40 / "Handbuch Klimaanpassung - Bausteine für die Nürnberger Anpassungsstrategie"(2012)
Weimar / Germany / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept "Strom, Wärme, Kälte" (2011) / 40 / n.a.
Torino / Italy / Piano d'Azione per l'Energia Sostenibile (2010) / 40 / n.a.
Amsterdam / The Netherlands / Energiestrategie Amsterdam 2040 Brug naar een duurzame energievoorziening (2010) / 40 / n.a.
Tampere / Finland / Subregional climate change strategy 2030 (2010) / 40 / Subregional climate change strategy 2030 (2010)
Bradford / United Kingdom / Climate change strategy for Bradford District-Draft (2011) / 40 / Climate change strategy for Bradford District-Draft (2011)
Edinburgh / United Kingdom / Sustainable Edinburgh 2020 (2011) / 40 / Sustainable Edinburgh 2020 (2011)
Manchester / United Kingdom / Manchester -a certain future- CC action plan (2009) / 41 / Manchester -a certain future- CC action plan (2009)
Rostock / Germany / Klimaschutz - Ein Rahmenkonzept für die Hansestadt Rostock; 1. Fortschreibung 2010 – 2020 (2010) / 50 / n.a.
Dresden / Germany / Integriertes Energie- und Klimaschutzkonzept (IEuKK) (2012) / 50 / Regionales Klimaanpassungsprogramm (IRKAP) (2012)
Kiel / Germany / Kieler Energie- und Klimaschutzkonzept (2008) / 50 / n.a.
Augsburg / Germany / CO2- Minderungskonzept für die Stadt Augsburg (2004) / 50 / n.a.
Essen / Germany / Integriertes Energie- und Klimakonzept der Stadt Essen (2009) / 50 / Integriertes Energie- und Klimakonzept der Stadt Essen (2009)
Frankfurt am Main / Germany / Energie- und Klimaschutzkonzept der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (2008) / 50 / n.a.
Göttingen / Germany / Integriertes Klimaschutzkonzept für das Stadtgebiet Göttingen (2010) / 50 / n.a.
Leipzig / Germany / Energie- und Klimaschutzkonzept (2011) / 50 / n.a.
Mönchenglad-bach / Germany / Integriertes kommunles Klimaschutzkonzept (2011) / 50 / n.a.
Mülheim an der Ruhr / Germany / Klimaschutzkonzept (2010) / 50 / Handlungsansätze und Leitgedanken zu Klimaschutz und Klimaanpassung (2011)
München / Germany / Integriertes Handlungsprogramm Klimaschutz München (2010) / 50 / n.a.
Stuttgart / Germany / Fortschreibung des Klimaschutzkonzepts (2007) / 50 / Klimaanpassungskonzept Stuttgart KLIMAKS(2012)
Wiesbaden / Germany / Energiekonzept Wiesbaden 2020 (2011) / 50 / n.a.
Madrid / Spain / Plan de Uso Sostenible de la Energía y Prevención del Cambio Climático de la Ciudad de Madrid (2008) / 50 / Plan de Uso Sostenible de la Energía y Prevención del Cambio Climático de la Ciudad de Madrid (2008)
Rotterdam / The Netherlands / Mitigation Action Programme (2010) / 50 / Adaptation Programme 2010 Rotterdam Climate Proof (2010)
Linz / Austria / 50 (Plus-) Punkte für das Weltklima (2002) / 50 / n.a.
Leicester / United Kingdom / Climate Change Mitigation Plan for Leicester (2010) / 50 / Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Leicester (2010)
Birmingham / United Kingdom / Climate Change Action Plan 2010+ (2010) / 60 / Climate Change Action Plan 2010+ (2010)
Sheffield / United Kingdom / Carbon Reduction Framework (2009) / 60 / n.a.
Bochum / Germany / Energie- und Klimaschutzkonzept der Stadt Bochum für 2020 (2011) / 70 / n.a.
Bonn / Germany / Aktionsprogramm Klimaschutz (2007) / 70 / n.a.
Coventry / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy for Coventry (2008) / 70 / Climate Change Strategy for Coventry (2008)
Rennes / France / Plan Climat Energie de la Ville de Rennes (2010) / 75 / n.a.
Paris / France / Plan Climat de la ville de Paris (2007) / 75 / Plan Climat de la ville de Paris (2007)
Nantes / France / Plan Climat Territorial Nantes Métropole (2007) / 75 / n.a.
Bordeaux / France / Plan Climat de la Cub (2011) / 75 / Plan Climat de la Cub (2011)
Lille / France / Plan Climat Energies Lille Métropole (n.a.) / 75 / n.a.
Lyon / France / Agenda 21 Grand Lyon (2007) / 75 / Agenda 21 Grand Lyon (2007)
Tours / France / Plan Climat 2011-2014 (2010) / 75 / Plan Climat 2011-2014 (2010)
Hamburg / Germany / Hamburger Klimaschutzkonzept (2011) / 80 / Hamburger Klimaschutzkonzept (2011)
Bristol / United Kingdom / Climate Change and Energy Security Framework (2010) / 80 / n.a.
London / United Kingdom / Delivering London's Energy Future; The Mayor's CC Mitigation and Energy Strategy (2011) / 80 / Managing risks and increasing resilience; The Mayor’s climate change adaptation strategy (2011)
Leeds / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy-Vision for Action (2010) / 80 / Climate Change Strategy-Vision for Action (2010)
Berlin / Germany / Energiekonzept 2020 (2011) / 85 / Stadtentwicklungsplan Klima(2011)
Cambridge / United Kingdom / Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2008-2012 Final Draft (2008) / 89 / Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2008-2012 Final Draft (2008)
Antwerpen / Belgium / Klimaatplan Antwerpen (2011) / 100 / n.a.
Leeuwarden / The Netherlands / Klimaattop Leeuwarden - Slimme Energie-en Waterketens Tussen Mensen en Plaatselijke Bronnen (2010) / 100 / n.a.
Groningen / The Netherlands / Routekaart Groningen Energieneutraal+ 2025 (2007) / 100 / n.a.
Nijmegen / The Netherlands / Actieplan Klimaat 2008-2012 (2008) / 100 / Actieplan Klimaat 2008-2012 (2008)
Gravenhage / The Netherlands / Klimaatplan Den Haag (2009) / 100 / n.a.
Tilburg / The Netherlands / Eerste Klimaatprogramma Tilburg naar een Klimaatneutrale en Klimaatbestendige Stad (2009) / 100 / Eerste Klimaatprogramma Tilburg naar een Klimaatneutrale en Klimaatbestendige Stad (2009)
Breda / The Netherlands / Steek positieve energie in het klimaat Breda: een CO2- neutrale stad in 2044 (2008) / 100 / n.a.
Utrecht / The Netherlands / Programma Utrechtse Energie 2011-2014 (2011) / 100 / n.a.
Supplementary Table S2: Distribution of climate change plans across the selected European countries.Joint mitigation and adaptation plans are an indicator for the integration of adaptation and mitigation issues. It denotes the publication in one volume. The degree of urban climate leadership describes those cities that have an adaptation plan and a mitigation plan with quantitative targets.
Urban Audit Cities
Cities / ... with: / Climate
leaders
No plan / Mitigation plan / Adaptation plan / Joint mitigation & adaptation plan
...in country / N / N / [%] / N / [%] / N / [%] / N / [%] / N / [%]
Austria / 5 / 2 / 40.0 / 3 / 60.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0
Belgium / 7 / 4 / 57.1 / 3 / 42.3 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0
Estonia / 2 / 1 / 50.0 / 1 / 50.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0
Finland / 4 / 1 / 25.0 / 3 / 75.0 / 2 / 50.0 / 2 / 50.0 / 1 / 25.0
France / 35 / 20 / 57.1 / 15 / 42.9 / 8 / 22.9 / 6 / 17.1 / 8 / 22.9
Germany / 40 / 8 / 20.0 / 32 / 80.0 / 13 / 32.5 / 6 / 15.0 / 12 / 30.0
Ireland / 4 / 2 / 50.0 / 2 / 50.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0 / 0 / 0.0
Italy / 32 / 14 / 43.8 / 18 / 56.3 / 1 / 3.1 / 0 / 0.0 / 1 / 3.1
Netherlands / 15 / 3 / 20.0 / 12 / 80.0 / 3 / 20.0 / 2 / 13.3 / 3 / 20.0
Spain / 26 / 13 / 50.0 / 13 / 50.0 / 5 / 19.2 / 3 / 11.5 / 4 / 15.4
United Kingdom / 30 / 2 / 6.7 / 28 / 93.3 / 24 / 80.0 / 24 / 80.0 / 20 / 66.7
TOTAL / 200 / 70 / 35.0 / 130 / 65.0 / 56 / 28.0 / 43 / 21.5 / 49 / 24.5

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figure S1: Breadth of climate change plans over time.Figure S1-A lists the average topics of mitigation plans over time; S1-B lists the same for adaptation plans. Every city is denoted by one data point representing the number of topics covered in its mitigation (0 to 8 topics) or adaptation (0 to 6 topics) plan and the year of publication or assessment (in cases where the plan was drafted and available, but not yet formally approved or published by the local authority). A linear trend line is fitted to the data as well as an interpolation line denoting the average topics of all plans published in a given year.

Additional References in Online Material

Cerrutti AK et al. (2013) The Covenant of Mayors in Figures - 5-Year Assessment, European Commission. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, p23

Climate Alliance (2011) CO2 monitoring within Climate Alliance. Climate Alliance, Frankfurt/ Main, p11

DEFRA (2009) Guidance on how to measure and report your greenhouse gas emissions. DEFRA, London, UK

Dodman D (2011) Forces driving urban greenhouse gas emissions. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 3 (3): 121-125

Glaser B, Strauss A (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago

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