The Sixties Review
US History/E. Napp Name: ______
Activity 1: Matching
1. In 1960, ______, at the age of 43, became the youngest U.S. president elected to office. He was also the first Roman Catholic to hold office. His most memorable phrase was “Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country.” / Great Society______
2. John F. Kennedy called his reform program the ______. It included proposals for federal aid to education, greater Social Security benefits, assistance to Appalachia, protection of African American civil rights, and public health insurance for the elderly. / Assassinated
______
3. On March 1, 1961, President Kennedy signed an executive order establishing the ______. The goals of this organization included sending U.S. volunteers to nations around the world to help with public projects and to promote a better understanding of Americans in the world. / Lyndon Johnson
______
4. In late November, 1963, President and Mrs. Kennedy traveled to Dallas, Texas. While riding through the city in an open car, the president was ______. / Medicare
______
5. Kennedy’s vice president and successor was ______. He pushed through Congress more important legislation than any president since Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1964, he announced an “unconditional” War on Poverty. / New Frontier
______
6. Lyndon Johnson proposed a far-reaching reform program, which he called the ______. It aimed to succeed where the states had failed – in fighting poverty, hunger, and racial justice. / Peace Corps
______
7. To help senior citizens pay for hospital care, doctor care, and other medical needs, the _____ Act was created. It established a public health insurance program as part of the Social Security system. Persons over 65 now were insured for a large part of health care costs. / Civil Rights Act of 1964
______
8. States also received federal grants, known as _____, to pay medical bills of the needy. / John F. Kennedy
______
9. More than any president since Lincoln, Johnson helped African Americans to achieve economic advancement and equal voting rights. Johnson’s strong support led to the passage of the ______and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. / Thurgood Marshall
______
10. In 1967, Johnson appointed ______to the Supreme Court, the first African American to serve there. / Medicaid
______
Activity 2: Matching
1. During the 1960s, the ______protested against Jim Crow laws by encouraging members to take long-distance bus trips to make sure that Southern bus terminals were not segregated. / Freedom Rides______
2. Both white Americans and African Americans took part in these long-distance bus trips known as ______and suffered vicious attacks and beatings by angry mobs of racists. / Black Panthers
______
3. The ______were African Americans who believed in Islam. The founder of this group was Elijah Muhammad. He preached the separation of the races, a separate African-American state within the United States, and “black pride,” / Malcolm X
______
4. One of the best-known Black Muslims was _____, who formed his own group in 1963. He encouraged self-reliance and urged his followers to fight back against those who violently abused them. / James Meredith
______
5. Organized in 1966, the ______advocated force to achieve “black power”; they also believed that violence by whites should be answered with violence by blacks. They also called for “better education, better medical care, and better housing” within the USA. Some members, such as Stokely Carmichael, a one-time member of SNCC, spoke of the need for a radical revolution. / Interstate Commerce Commission
______
6. When freedom riders challenged segregation on interstate bus lines, U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy, urged the ______to order an end to segregation on interstate bus travel. / Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
______
7. When ______, a young African American, was barred from registering at the University of Mississippi, Kennedy ordered 400 federal marshals to the campus to ensure his enrollment and class attendance. / Black Muslims (The Nation of Islam)
______
8. The ______prohibited the use of the poll tax in elections for president, vice president, and Congress. It especially benefited African Americans living in the South, many of whom were too poor to pay the required fee. / Twenty-Fourth Amendment
______
9. The _____ prohibited the use of literacy tests to keep African Americans from voting and authorized federal registrars to help them register to vote in areas where they had been afraid to do so. / Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
______
10. In 1968, ______was assassinated in Memphis touching off riots. / Voting Rights Act of 1965
______
Activity 3: Multiple-Choice
1. “. . . his legislative leadership was remarkable. No President since Lincoln had done more for civil rights. Yet much of this was forgotten as American society became increasingly divided over United States participation in a bloody, undeclared war.” Which 20th-century President does this statement most accurately describe?(1) Woodrow Wilson
(2) Franklin D. Roosevelt
(3) Lyndon Johnson
(4) Ronald Reagan
2. The Great Society of Lyndon Johnson is most similar to which other Presidential program?
(1) Warren Harding’s Return to Normalcy
(2) Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal
(3) Ronald Reagan’s New Federalism
(4) George Bush’s Thousand Points of Light
3. A major goal of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society was to
(1) provide government aid to business
(2) end poverty in the United States
(3) conserve natural resources
(4) stop emigration from Latin America
4. In 1965, Congress established Medicare to
(1) provide health care to the elderly
(2) assist foreign nations with their health problems
(3) grant scholarships to medical students
(4) establish universal health care
5. . . . My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. . . .”
~ John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, 1961
To implement the idea expressed in this statement, President Kennedy supported the
(1) creation of the Marshall Plan
(2) formation of the Peace Corps
(3) removal of United States troops from Korea
(4) establishment of the South East Asia Treaty Organization / 6. Lunch counter sit-ins and the actions of freedom riders are examples of
(1) steps taken in support of the Americans with Disabilities Act
(2) programs dealing with affirmative action
(3) violent acts by the Black Panthers
(4) nonviolent attempts to oppose segregation
7. In 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to
(1) protect civil rights marchers
(2) help African Americans register to vote
(3) enforce a Supreme Court decision to desegregate public schools
(4) end race riots resulting from a bus boycott
8. During the civil rights movement of the 1960s, activities of the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Urban League, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) illustrated that
(1) all civil rights groups use the same tactics
(2) different approaches can be used to achieve a common goal
(3) organizational differences usually lead to failure
(4) violence is the best tool for achieving social change
9. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed in an effort to correct
(1) racial and gender discrimination
(2) limitations on freedom of speech
(3) unfair immigration quotas
(4) segregation in the armed forces
10. The federal voting rights laws passed in the 1950s and 1960s were designed to
(1) return control of voting regulations to the states
(2) remove racial barriers to voting
(3) extend suffrage to American women
(4) prevent recent immigrants from voting
Activity 4:
Reading: The March on Washington (ourdocuments.gov)
“The civil rights movement in the United States during the late 1950s and 1960s was the political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for black Americans and to achieve racial equality. Individuals and civil rights organizations challenged segregation and discrimination using a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws.
On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 demonstrators descended upon the nation’s capital to participate in the ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.’ Not only was it the largest demonstration for human rights in United States history, but it also occasioned a rare display of unity among the various civil rights organizations. The event began with a rally at the Washington Monument featuring several celebrities and musicians. Participants then marched the mile-long National Mall to the Memorial. The three-hour long program at the Lincoln Memorial included speeches from prominent civil rights and religious leaders. The day ended with a meeting between the march leaders and President John F. Kennedy at the White House.
The idea for the 1963 March on Washington was envisioned by A. Philip Randolph, a long-time civil rights activist dedicated to improving the economic condition of black Americans. When Randolph first proposed the march in late 1962, he received little response from other civil rights leaders. He knew that cooperation would be difficult because each had his own agenda for the civil rights movement, and the leaders competed for funding and press coverage. Success of the March on Washington would depend on the involvement of the so-called “Big Six”—Randolph and the heads of the five major civil rights organizations: Roy Wilkins of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); Whitney Young, Jr., of the National Urban League; Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); James Farmer of the Conference of Racial Equality (CORE); and John Lewis of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
The details and organization of the march were handled by Bayard Rustin, Randolph’s trusted associate. Rustin was a veteran activist with extensive experience in putting together mass protest. With only two months to plan, Rustin established his headquarters in Harlem, NY, with a smaller office in Washington. He and his core staff of 200 volunteers quickly put together the largest peaceful demonstration in U.S. history.”
Questions:
1- What was the civil rights movement? ______
2- What were Americans challenging in the civil rights movement? ______
3- What was unique about the March on Washington? ______
4- State two facts about A. Philip Randolph? ______
5- What did the success of the March on Washington depend on? ______
6- Who were the “Big Six”? ______
7- State two facts about Bayard Rustin? ______
8- What was the significance of the March on Washington in American history? ______
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
Questions:
Who is the individual at the podium?
______
Who is the individual in the mountaintops? ______
What role did the individual in the mountaintops play in the Montgomery Bus Boycott? ______
What was this individual’s stance on nonviolence and civil disobedience? ______
What did the individual in the mountaintops challenge in American society? ______
What is the individual in the mountaintops saying? ______
What is the meaning of his statement? ______
Why is the individual in the mountaintops saying this? ______
How did American history change as a result of the man at the podium? ______
Activity 5: Cartoon Analysis
CREDIT: Ivey, Jim, artist. “Here’s another one for you,” ca.1964
Questions:
1- What is the setting of the political cartoon? ______
2- What are the three visible exhibits about? ______
3- What is being added to the museum? ______
4- What is a poll tax? ______
5- Why were poll taxes used? ______
6- What is the cartoonist suggesting about poll taxes? ______