WH: Chapter 12 – The Reformation of ChristianityLecture Notes
Section 3 “______”
Main Ideas
- Religious ______occurred within Europe and the Americas.
- Religious ______broke out between Protestants and Catholics.
- Social ______were a result of the Reformation.
RELIGIOUS DIVISION
•At the beginning of the 1500s nearly all of Europe was ______.
•But the situation ______dramatically 100 years later.
•Most of northern Europe had become ______.
•In many ______European countries nearly everyone remained Catholic.
•In the north, countries such as England, Scotland, and the ______countries, most people were Protestant.
•However, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire allowed each prince to ______the religion of his territory.
•As result, the empire became a ______of small kingdoms, some Catholic and some Protestant.
•Keeping ______between kingdoms with different religions was often a difficult task.
Identify Which countries or regions were Protestant by 1600?
Identify Cause and Effect Why did most of Mexico, Central America, and South America become Catholic?
Elaborate Why do you think there were conflicts between the small kingdoms and the Holy Roman Empire?
RELIGIOUS WARS
•Disagreements about religion and violence often went ______.
•In France, people remained Catholic, some became Protestants. These French Protestants were called ______(HYOO-guh-nahts).
•A series of conflicts between Catholics and Huguenots led to years of ______war.
•The worst incident was the ______Day Massacre in 1572.
•In one night, Catholic rioters killed about ______Protestants in Paris.
•In the days that followed, ______broke out all over France and thousands more Protestants were killed.
•The war between Catholics and Protestants in France ended in 1598 with the ______, which granted religious freedom to most of France.
•The Holy Roman Empire ______no better.
•Starting in Prague with Protestants overthrowing their Catholic leader, the revolt evolved into the ______, a long series of wars that involved many European countries.
Identify Who were the Huguenots?
Explain Why did German peasants revolt in 1534?
Evaluate How did one Noble’s action s in 1562 help start a war?
Identify What was the Treaty of Westphalia?
Explain Why were counties fighting the Thirty years’ War?
Analyze Who won the Thirty Years’ War?
SOCIAL CHANGES
•Before the Reformation, most Europeans had no voice in ______the Catholic Church.
•But most Protestant churches did not have priests, bishops, or ______.
•Instead, each ______, or church assembly, made its own rules.
•Now for the first time people began to think that their own ______were important.
•This led to the demand for more political power, in the form of ______, the sharing of power between national and local governments.
•People became more willing to question ______and figure out things on their own.
Identify Who led most Protestant churches?
Explain How was new religious freedom related to increasing political freedom?
Elaborate How did religious reform lead to increased interest in science?