The Reformation/Counter Reformation/Religious Wars TestANSWER KEY

  1. The Reformation broke out first in the cities of ______.
  2. Germany and France
  3. England and Switzerland
  4. Switzerland and Germany
  5. England and Germany

Answer: C
Page Ref: 321
Skill: Factual
Topic: Society and Religion

  1. From the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries, lay religious groups shared a common goal of religious ______.
  2. domination
  3. independence
  4. ecstasy
  5. simplicity

Answer: D
Page Ref: 321
Skill: Factual
Topic: Society and Religion

  1. Martin Luther ______.
  2. was the son of a successful Thüringian miner
  3. was pledged to the church at an early age
  4. had no formal training in theology
  5. believed that marriage was un-Christian

Answer: A
Page Ref: 324
Skill: Factual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

  1. In his Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation,Luther urged the German princes to ______.
  2. force reforms on the Roman Catholic Church
  3. embrace the Modern Devotion order
  4. allow the Roman church to retain its political and economic power in Germany
  5. embrace the Dominican order

Answer: A
Page Ref: 326
Skill: Factual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

  1. German Protestant rulers realized the political implications of the demise of the Roman Catholic Church and formed a defensive alliance called the ______.
  2. Peasants’ Revolt
  3. Edict of Worms
  4. Swiss Reformation
  5. Schmalkaldic League

Answer: D
Page Ref: 327
Skill: Factual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

  1. The Reformation in Zurich was led by ______.
  2. Ulrich Zwingli
  3. John Calvin
  4. Philip III
  5. Blaise Pascal

Answer: A

Page Ref: 329

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

  1. Anabaptists are the sixteenth-century ancestors of which of the following modern groups?
  2. Baptists
  3. Lutherans
  4. Mormons
  5. Mennonites and Amish

Answer: D

Page Ref: 332

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

  1. How did predestination factor into Calvin’s theology?
  2. Predestination played no part in Calvin’s theology.
  3. Predestination played a small part in Calvin’s theology.
  4. Predestination was central to Calvin’s theology.
  5. Predestination was important but not central to Calvin’s theology.

Answer: C

Page Ref: 335

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

9. In what city did Calvin make his name?

A. Bern

B. Geneva

C. Wittenberg

D. Strasbourg

Answer: B

Page Ref: 335

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

10. The Peace of Augsburg recognized in law what had already been established in practice, which was that ______.

A. the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor

B. the ruler of a land would determine the religion in his territory

C. Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe

D. Protestants everywhere must restore Catholic beliefs and practices

Answer: B

Page Ref: 338

Skill: Factual

Topic: Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation

11. What meeting did Charles V call in which Protestant and Catholic representatives addressed the growing religious divisions within the empire in the wake of the Reformation’s success?

A. the Council of Trent

B. the Marburg Colloquy

C. the Diet of Worms

D. the Diet of Augsburg

Answer: D

Page Ref: 337

Skill: Factual

Topic: Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation

12. The Act of Succession ______.

  1. made James VI of Scotland Henry VIII’s heir
  2. made the heir to the throne the first-born child of a king regardless of gender
  3. made Anne Boleyn’s children the legitimate heirs to the throne
  4. gave Parliament the right to choose the next monarch of England

Answer: C

Page Ref: 339

Skill: Factual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

13. The Book of Common Prayer, written by Thomas Cranmer, was imposed on all English churches by the ______.

  1. Act of Succession
  2. Diet of Augsburg
  3. Reformation Parliament
  4. Act of Uniformity

Answer: D

Page Ref: 340

Skill: Factual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

14. William Tyndale is known for ______.

A. being the chief minister of King Henry VIII

B. leading the royal opposition to English Protestantism

C. being the recipient of the title “Defender of the Faith” from Pope Leo X

D. being the man who translated the New Testament into English

Answer: D

Page Ref: 340

Skill: Factual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

15. Recognized by the pope in 1528, this group sought to return to the original ideals of Saint Francis and became popular among the ordinary people to whom they directed their ministry.

  1. theTheatines
  2. theOratorians
  3. theSomaschi
  4. the Capuchins

Answer: D

Page Ref: 341

Skill: Factual

Topic: Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

16. Which of the following was an influential women’s order founded in 1535 for the religious education of girls from all social classes?

  1. the Capuchins
  2. theUrsulines
  3. the Jesuits
  4. theTheatines

Answer: B

Page Ref: 341

Skill: Factual

Topic: Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

17. The Roman Catholic Church recognized the need for reform and met from 1545–1563 at the ______.

A. Peace of Augsburg

B. Marburg Colloquy

C. Council of Trent

D. Diet of Worms

Answer: C

Page Ref: 342

Skill: Factual

Topic: Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

18. The new Protestant schools and universities were most likely to teach ______.

A. the ideas of humanism

B. the ideas of Scholasticism

C. strict church doctrine

D. Roman Catholicism

Answer: A

Page Ref: 345

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe

19. Scholastic dialectics were promoted and taught by the ______.

A. supporters of the Counter-Reformation

B. leaders of Lutheranism

C. leaders of Calvinism

D. teachers at Protestant schools and universities

Answer: A

Page Ref: 345

Skill: Factual

Topic: The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe

20. For which of the following novels is Cervantes best known?

  1. La Galatea
  2. La Gitanilla
  3. El Amante Liberal
  4. Don Quixote

Answer: D

Page Ref: 349

Skill: Factual

Topic: Literary Imagination in Transition

21. Thirteenth- through fifteenth-century lay religious movements shared a common goal of ______.

  1. religious simplicity in the imitation of Jesus
  2. a more complex understanding of God’s true nature
  3. overthrowing the institutions of the church
  4. establishing a more authoritarian church to more efficiently suppress heretics

Answer: A
Page Ref: 323
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Society and Religion

22. What advantage did an indulgence grant the buyer?

  1. release from time in purgatory
  2. the granting of an ecclesiastical post
  3. the founding of a religious order
  4. freedom from the church’s holiday obligations

Answer: A
Page Ref: 323
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Society and Religion

23. The medieval church had always taught that salvation was ______.

  1. a joint venture of the faithful and the clergy
  2. solely left to the individual
  3. dictated by God’s judgment
  4. impossible, and therefore one must constantly repent

Answer: A
Page Ref: 324
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

24. Luther’s ninety-five theses ______.

  1. earned him a position teaching at Wittenburg University
  2. had little real impact
  3. sparked the Reformation in Germany
  4. expressed his belief that salvation could be bought and sold

Answer: C
Page Ref: 325
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

25.Freedom of a Christian, written by Martin Luther, summarized the new teaching of salvation ______.

  1. through pious actions
  2. by faith alone
  3. through prayer
  4. as the unattainable goal

Answer: B
Page Ref: 326
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

26. Luther’s response to the German Peasants’ Revolt proved that his reforms were ______.

  1. religious, not social
  2. aimed at all facets of German culture and society
  3. limited to Germany
  4. more radical than most contemporaries thought

Answer: A
Page Ref: 328
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

27. How was Frederick the Wise connected to Martin Luther?

  1. He was Luther’s king.
  2. He was the pope during Luther’s protests.
  3. He was Luther’s lord and protector.
  4. He was the rector of the University of Wittenberg.

Answer: C
Page Ref: 325
Skill: Conceptual
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

28. Anabaptists desired ______.

  1. an immediate end to the practice of adult baptism
  2. an immediate end to the practice of baptism for everyone, child or adult
  3. more radical reform than Luther desired
  4. the imposition of a strict social hierarchy based on gender

Answer: C

Page Ref: 332

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

29. For what is Ulrich Zwingli known?

  1. He was the leader of the Swiss Reformation.
  2. He called the Marburg Colloquy.
  3. He was the hero of the Swiss Civil War.
  4. He spread Luther’s ideas in Switzerland.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 329

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

30. What was the outcome of the Marburg Colloquy?

  1. Luther and Zwingli resolved their differences and formed a single theology.
  2. The Colloquy splintered the Protestant movement theologically and politically.
  3. The Colloquy led to the Swiss Civil War.
  4. The Colloquy established a new church movement.

Answer: B

Page Ref: 332

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

31. Calvin’s work Institutes of the Christian Religion is considered ______.

  1. a heretical work even by Protestants
  2. a rejection of Catholic theology
  3. a summary of the beliefs of Anabaptism
  4. the definitive theological statement of Protestant faith

Answer: D

Page Ref: 335

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

32. What was the goal of the Marburg Colloquy?

A. to work out the differences between Swiss and German Protestants and form a mutual defense pact

B. to debate the differences between Catholics and Protestants

C. to educate Landgrave Philip of Hesse on Protestant theology

D. to introduce Ulrich Zwingli and Martin Luther to one another

Answer: A

Page Ref: 332

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

33. How did Poland react to the expansion of the Reformation?

A. Poland rejected the ideas of the Reformation and persecuted Protestants.

B. Poland permitted limited freedoms for the two major faiths.

C. Polish leaders demanded that Poles remain faithful to the Roman Catholic Church.

D. Poland became a model of religious pluralism and toleration.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 337

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation

34.The Reformation Parliament met for seven years and determined that ______.

  1. English citizens could determine their own religion
  2. the Catholic Church would remain the church of England
  3. Henry VIII would rule the church in England “as far as the law of Christ allows”
  4. the clergy would be awarded more rights and power

Answer: C

Page Ref: 339

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

35. King Henry VIII received the title “Defender of the Faith” from Pope Leo X for ______.

A. divorcing Catherine of Aragon

B. marrying Catherine of Aragon

C. defending the seven sacraments against Luther

D. promoting Thomas Cranmer to Archbishop of Canterbury

Answer: C

Page Ref: 338

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

36. One of the most important problems in the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon was that ______

A. the couple had different religious views

B. the couple lived in different countries

C. Catherine had been raised in Spain

D. Henry VIII needed a male heir

Answer: D

Page Ref: 338

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The English Reformation to 1553

37. The Council of Trent’s most important reforms concerned ______.

  1. religious tolerance
  2. discipline within the church
  3. transubstantiation
  4. the power structure of the church

Answer: B

Page Ref: 342

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation

38. Protestants were more likely than Catholics to ______.

  1. advocate religious tolerance
  2. permit premarital sex
  3. permit divorce
  4. advocate religious violence

Answer: C

Page Ref: 346

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe

39. Which of the following statements characterizes Protestant views of the popular antiwoman and antimarriage literature of the Middle Ages?

  1. They completely agreed with this literature.
  2. They agreed in part with the antimarriage literature, but that was the extent.
  3. They agreed in part with the antiwoman sentiment, but felt marriage was a necessity.
  4. They completely disagreed with this literature.

Answer: D

Page Ref: 346

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe

40. Marriages in the early modern period were arranged in the sense that they were ______.

A. dictated by the bride’s parents

B. dictated by the groom’s parents

C. planned

D. determined when the bride reached the age of fifteen

Answer: C

Page Ref: 347

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: Family Life in Early Modern Europe

41. Shakespeare’s work can be said to deal with ______.

A. the intellectual currents of his day

B. themes common to humanity

C. contemporary religious issues

D. the dichotomy between medieval and contemporary society

Answer: B

Page Ref: 350

Skill: Conceptual

Topic: Literary Imagination in Transition

42. Which of these best summarizes changing notions about women resulting from the Protestant Reformation?

  1. Women gained greater legal rights and much greater autonomy.
  2. Education was thought unimportant, given the emphasis on women as mothers.
  3. Women were increasingly associated with Eve more than the Virgin Mary.
  4. Women’s roles were more esteemed, though not greatly expanded.

Answer: D
Page Ref: 321
Skill: Analytical
Topic: Society and Religion

43. Luther’s theology was illustrated by his attack on five of the traditional sacraments; he rejected them because they were ______.

  1. Catholic
  2. not supported by the Bible
  3. more about ritual than piety
  4. medieval

Answer: B
Page Ref: 326
Skill: Analytical
Topic: Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525

44. The Swiss Civil Wars illustrated which of these widespread impacts of the Reformation?

A. the dominance of Protestantism in Germanic lands

B. the violence of the Catholic Church in trying to suppress reform

C. violent conflict based on religious differences

D. the role of the printing press in an age of religious strife

Answer: C

Page Ref: 332

Skill: Analytical

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

45. Which of these patterns appeared in the Reformation?

A. Religious divisions were greater where political divisions were more pronounced.

B. Religious dissent was more common in France and England, where strong monarchies prevailed.

C. The Reformation was strongest in Mediterranean Europe.

D. The Reformation was strongest in those areas that had been most thoroughly Romanized.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 328–334

Skill: Analytical

Topic: The Reformation Elsewhere

46. Which writer advised people to look within themselves for religious truth and no longer to churches and creeds?

A. William Shakespeare

B. John Calvin

C.ValentinWeigel

D. Martin Luther

Answer: C

Page Ref: 355

Skill: Factual

Topic: Renewed Religious Struggle

47. The Peace of Augsburg recognized that ______.

  1. the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor
  2. the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land
  3. Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe
  4. Protestants everywhere must restore Catholic beliefs and practices

Answer: B

Page Ref: 355

Skill: Factual

Topic: Renewed Religious Struggle

48. The most successful politique was ______.

  1. Oliver Cromwell
  2. Philip II of Spain
  3. Elizabeth I of England
  4. Mary I of England

Answer: C

Page Ref: 355

Skill: Factual

Topic: Renewed Religious Struggle

49.What sparked the first wave of Protestant persecution in France?

  1. Protestants plastering Paris and other cities with anti-Catholic placards
  2. the capture of the French king Francis I at the Battle of Pavia
  3. the passing of the Edict of Fontainebleau
  4. the passing of the Edict of Chateaubriand under Henry II

Answer: B

Page Ref: 356

Skill: Factual

Topic: The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)

50. Who were the three powerful families that sought the French monarchy after the death of king Henry II?

  1. the Bourbons, Racheals, and Orleans
  2. the Bourbons, Montmorency-Chatillons, and Guises
  3. theBurgundians, Ostrogoths, and Guises
  4. the Bourbons, Lombards, and Franks

Answer: B

Page Ref: 356–358

Skill: Factual

Topic: The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)

51. Huguenots made up about ______of the French population, but ______of the aristocracy.

  1. two-thirds; one-twelfth
  2. one-half; one-quarter
  3. one-fifteenth; two-fifths
  4. one-quarter; three quarters

Answer: C

Page Ref: 356

Skill: Factual

Topic: The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)

52. The Edict of Nantes was criticized for ______.

  1. revoking the rights of the Huguenots
  2. creating a state within a state
  3. turning a long cold war into a long hot war
  4. removing Catholicism as the official religion of France

Answer: C

Page Ref: 362

Skill: Factual

Topic: The French Wars of Religion (1562–1598)

53.The ruler of Spain for most of the later 1500s was ______.

A. Philip II

B. Ferdinand I

C. Charles V

D. Carlos I

Answer: A

Page Ref: 362

Skill: Factual

Topic: Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)

54.What is William of Orange known for?

A. He led the movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.

B. He led the Turks against Spain.

C. He was the captain of the Spanish Armada.

D. Along with the Duke of Alba, he suppressed the Protestant revolt.

Answer: A

Page Ref: 364–366

Skill: Factual

Topic: Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)

55. Hostilities between Spain and England reached a climax in 1588 when ______.

  1. Henry III was assassinated
  2. Henry IV was assassinated
  3. the Edict of Nantes was signed
  4. the Spanish Armada was sent to invade England

Answer: D

Page Ref: 366

Skill: Factual

Topic: Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)

56. Which of the following adjectives most accurately describes Philip II?

  1. withdrawn
  2. spontaneous
  3. unschooled
  4. naïve

Answer: A

Page Ref: 362–365

Skill: Factual

Topic: Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)

57. During the first half of his reign, Philip II focused on ______.

  1. events in Germany
  2. the Netherlands
  3. the Mediterranean and the Turkish threat
  4. the growth of English power

Answer: C

Page Ref: 362

Skill: Factual

Topic: Imperial Spain and Philip II (r. 1556–1598)