5Coastalzones

Introduction

Thecoastalmarinearea(CMA)appliestoforeshore,seabed,waterandairfrommeanhighwatersprings(MHWS)to12nauticalmiles(territorialsea)(s.2RMA).

DeterminingMeanHighWaterSprings

TheMHWSboundaryhasnotbeensurveyedforAuckland,asithasadynamicandvaryinglocation.TheindicativecoastlineshownonthemapsisanapproximaterepresentationofMHWS­10,whichisthelevelequalledorexceededbythelargest10percentofallhightides.WherethelinecrossesarivermouthandtheCMAboundaryhasbeendefinedbyagreementbetweenthecouncilandDepartmentofConservation,theCMAboundaryatrivermouthsisindicatedonthemapsanddetailedinAppendix6.4.

Asajurisdictionalboundary,theexactlocationofMHWSneedstobedefinedonacase­by­casebasis.Whereactivitiesareclosetotheindicativecoastline,asite­specificsurveywillberequiredtodeterminethelocationofMHWSandtheactualCMAboundary.Ifasite­specificsurveydeterminesthatMHWSisnotlocatedinthepositionshownonthemaps,thezoneoftheadjacentlandorCMAapplies.

Management Framework

TheCMAismanagedthroughzone,precinct,overlayandbylawprovisions.TheCMAzonesare:

GeneralCoastalMarinezone(CMAonly)

ThiszoneincludesthemajorityofAuckland'sCMA.ItcoversalloftheCMAoutsideofthezoneslistedbelow.

Marinazone(landandCMA)

Thiszoneprovidesforthedevelopmentandoperationofexistingmarinas.TheMarinazonecoversbothlandandCMAtoenableintegratedconsiderationofactivitiesthatcrossMHWS.

Mooringzone(CMAonly)

Thiszonecontainsobjectives,policiesandrulesformooringswithinaMooringzoneandhasbeenestablishedtoprovideforthemooringofvesselsatstrategiclocations.ByestablishingmooringareastheUnitaryPlanseekstoconcentratemooringsindefinedlocationsandavoidaproliferationofmooringsthroughouttheCMA.

MinorPortzone(landandCMA)

ThiszoneprovidesfortheintegratedandefficientoperationofparticularminorportsintheAucklandregion.TheMinorPortzoneincludesthePortofOnehunga,theGabadorPlaceWharves,thePapakuraLPGTerminalandtheChelseaSugarFactoryWharf.ThezoneincludeslandaswellasCMAatthePortofOnehungaandGabadorPlacetointegratemanagementacrossmeanhighwatersprings.

FerryTerminalzone(CMAonly)

Thiszoneprovidesfortheintegratedandefficientoperationanddevelopmentofexistingferryterminalfacilities,andprovisionsforthedevelopmentofnewferryterminalfacilities.

TheFerryTerminalzoneappliestoterminalsatDevonport(includesDevonportandVictoriawharves),StanleyBay,Northcote,Birkenhead,BeachHaven,Hobsonville,MātiatiaandKennedyPoint(WaihekeIsland),andWhangaparāoa,TryphenaandPortFitzroy(GreatBarrierIsland).TheexistingferryterminalfacilitiesatGulfHarbour,Bayswater,WestHarbour,HalfMoonBayandPineHarbourarewithinmarinasandareintheMarinazone.

Defencezone(CMAonly)

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ThiszoneprovidesforthecontinuedoperationofdefenceactivitiesintheCMAadjacenttotheHMNZNavalBaseinDevonportandtheOnetaungaBayWharf(KauriPoint).

CityCentrezoneandwaterfrontprecincts(landandCMA)

ThisareaisincludedintheCityCentrezonetorecognisethekeyroleofthewaterfrontaspartofthecitycentre.ThisareaincludesthePort,ViaductandCentralWharves,WynyardandWesthavenprecincts.

AucklandAirportsub­precinctcoastal(CMAonly)

TheCMAadjacenttotheAucklandInternationalAirportisincludedintheprecinctssection.

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5.1GeneralCoastalMarinezone

Zonedescription

TheGeneralCoastalMarinezone(GCMzone)comprisesthemajorityofthecoast,andincludestheCMAthatliesoutsideoftheMarina,Mooring,Minorport,Ferryterminal,DefenceorCityCentrezones,andisnotinaprecinct.

Theobjectives,policiesandrulesoftheGCMzoneapplytoallzonesandprecinctsunlessotherwiseprovidedforinthezoneorprecinct.Ifanoverlayappliestotheareawhereanactivityisproposed,theprovisionsoftheoverlaywillalsoapply,includinganyoverlayrulethatappliestotheactivity.

ThepurposeoftheGCMzoneistoprovideforuseanddevelopmentthathasafunctionalneedtobeundertakenintheCMA,andtomanageconflictsbetweenactivities,while:

•EnablingappropriateuseanddevelopmentoftheCMAsnaturalandphysicalresourcestoprovideforoursocialandeconomicwell­being.

•Protectingnaturalcharacterandlandscapevaluesandnaturalfeatures.

•Maintainingwaterqualityandthelife­supportingcapacityofthemarineenvironment.

•Protectingsignificantecologicalvalues.

•Protectinghistoricheritagevalues.

•ProvidingforManaWhenuavaluesinaccordancewithtikangaMāori.

•Maintainingandenhancingpublicaccess,openspace,recreationaluseandamenityvalues.

•Avoidingandprotectingdevelopmentfromcoastalhazardrisks.

Objectivesandpolicies

TheobjectivesandpoliciesthatapplytothemanagementoftheGCMzoneare:

•ThosethatapplybelowMHWSinthepartsoftheplanrelatingto;historicheritage,naturalheritage(naturalcharacter,outstandingnaturallandscapesandoutstandingnaturalfeaturesandbiodiversity),Manawhenuavalues,sustainablymanagingthecoastalenvironment,naturalhazards,andrespondingtoclimatechange

•TheobjectivesandpoliciesrelatingtoactivitiesanduseanddevelopmentintheCMA.

SomepartsoftheGCMzonehaveparticularsignificantuseorvaluesthataremappedinoverlaysorprecincts.Someoverlayscrossbothlandandseaareas.TheoverlaysthatapplybelowMHWSandtopartsoftheGCMzoneare:

•NaturalHeritage­OutstandingNaturalLandscapesandOutstandingNaturalFeatures

•OutstandingNaturalCharacterandHighNaturalCharacter

•Volcanicviewshafts

•SignificantEcologicalAreas­Marine1and2

•HistoricHeritage–historicheritageplaceandsitesofsignficancetoManaWhenua

Inadditiontotheabove,theAuckland­wideprovisionsfortemporaryactivities,noise,signsandvehiclesonbeachesalsoapplytoactivitiesintheGCMzone.DischargestotheCMAfromstormwaterandwastewaterareprovidedforinAuckland­wideobjectives,policiesandrules.

ActivitiesintheCMAalsoneedtocomplywiththeAucklandCouncilNavigationSafetyBylaw2008andthe

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ResourceManagement(MarinePollution)Regulations1998.Someactivitiessuchasmooringsrequireapermitfromthecouncil'sHarbourmaster'soffice.Othercouncilbylawscontrolactivitiesonbeaches,suchasdogs,vehiclesandtemporaryevents.

AnysitesorplacesofsignificancetoManaWhenuathatareidentifiedpriorto,ordiscoveredduringuseanddevelopmentintheCMA,mustcomplywithclause2.5oftheGeneralProvisions.

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ActivitiesintheCMA

5.1.1Drainage,reclamationanddeclamation

Background

LargeareasofAuckland’scoasthavebeenreclaimedand/ordrainedinthepastinordertoenablethedevelopmentoftheportandairport,providelandareasadjacenttomarinas,andtoconstructroadsandcreatefarmland.

ReclamationanddrainageintheCMAmaysometimesbenecessarytoenableactivitiesthathaveafunctionalneedtolocateonthecoastandtoprovideforsignificantinfrastructureandmarinerelatedactivities.Therepairandupgradeofexistingreclamationsandseawallsmayalsobenecessary.Howeverreclamationanddrainagecanhavepotentiallysignificantandoftenirreversibleadverseeffectsonnaturalcharacter,coastalprocesses,habitatsandecosystems.

Declamationoflandcanhaveadverseeffectsonnaturalcharacter,waterquality,ecologicalvaluesandcoastalprocesses.Theadverseeffectsfromdeclamation,ifundertakeninanappropriatelocation,andatanappropriatescale,maybeoffsetbytheenhancedpublicaccessandsocialandeconomicopportunitiesprovidedbyextendingwateraccess.

DeclamationofreclaimedlandintheCMAcanprovidebenefitstonaturalcharacter,habitatandecosystems,aswellascommunitybenefits,suchasagreaterlevelofaccesstowaterspace.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Theadverseenvironmentaleffectsofreclamation,drainageordeclamationontheCMAareavoided,remedied,ormitigated.

2.Thenaturalcharacter,ecologicalvaluesandnaturalcoastalprocessesoftheCMAarenotadverselyaffectedbyinappropriatereclamation,drainageordeclamation.

3.Publicaccess,amenityandManaWhenuavaluesarenotadverselyaffectedbyinappropriatereclamation,drainageordeclamation.

Policies

[rcp]

1.AvoidreclamationanddrainageintheCMAexceptwhereallofthefollowingapply:

a.thereclamation,orpurposeforwhichitisrequired,willprovidesignificantpublic,regionalornationalbenefit

b.thereclamationordrainageisnecessarytoenabletheconstructionand/orefficientoperationofinfrastructure,includingbutnotlimitedto,ports,marinas,airports,roads,pipelines,electricitytransmission,railways,ferryterminals,andelectricitygeneration,wheretheycomplywithotherrelevantpolicies

c.therearenoreasonablypracticablealternativemethodsofprovidingfortheactivity,includinglocatingitonlandoutsidetheCMA

d.efficientusewillbemadeoftheCMAbyusingtheminimumareanecessarytoprovidefortheproposeduse,ortoenabledrainage

e.ascheduledhistoricheritageplaceorasiteorplaceofsignificancetoManaWhenuaisnotadverselyaffected

f.significantadverseeffects(includingcumulativeeffects)ontheGCMzoneareavoided.

2.Provideforreclamationandworksthatarenecessarytoenabletherepairandupgradeofexisting

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reclamationsandseawalls.

3.Requireproposalsforreclamationtomitigateeffectsthroughtheformanddesignofreclamationasfaraspracticable,takingintoaccount:

a.theshapeofthereclamation,andtheextenttowhichthematerialsusedarevisuallycompatiblewiththeadjoiningcoast

b.theabilitytoavoidconsequentialchangestocoastalprocesses,includingerosionandaccretion.

4.Requirethedesignofreclamationstotakeintoaccountthepotentialeffectsofclimatechange,includingsealevelrise,over100years.

5.MaintainandwherepossibleenhancepublicaccesstoandalongtheCMAtotheextentpracticableinprovidingforreclamation,declamationanddrainage,havingregardto:

a.thepurposeandproposeduseofthearea

b.whetherarestrictiononpublicaccessisnecessaryforpublichealth,safetyoroperationalreasons

c.theabilitytoremedyormitigateanylossofpublicaccess.

6.RequireanesplanadereserveorstriptobeincludedonreclaimedordrainedareasoftheCMA,unlessarestrictiononpublicaccessisappropriate.

7.Avoidusingcontaminatedmaterialsinreclamation,unlessanycontaminantsarecontainedinawaythatwillresultinnomorethanminoradverseeffectsonwaterquality,aquaticecosystemsandindigenousbiodiversityintheCMA.

8.AssesswhetherauthorisingpastunlawfulreclamationordrainageintheCMAisappropriatehavingregardto:

a.theextentofsocialoreconomicbenefitprovidedtothepublic,includingwhetheritisnecessarytoenabletheoperationofinfrastructure

b.whethertherewillbemoresignificantadverseeffectsresultingfromtheworksrequiredtorestoretheareathanfromretainingthereclamationordrainedarea

c.theextenttowhichtheremovalofthereclamationorreinstatementofthedrainedareaispracticable.

9.Provideforthedeclamationofreclaimedlandwhereitwould:

a.restorethenaturalcharacterandresourcesoftheCMA,or

b.provideforbetterpublicaccessorgreateropenwaterspace,or

c.providefortheefficientoperationofnationallyandregionallysignificantinfrastructure.

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5.1.2Thedepositinganddisposalofmaterial

Background

ThedepositinganddisposalofmaterialintheCMAaffectsnaturalcharacter,coastalprocesses,waterquality,sedimentqualityandtheecologyofanarea.Thetypeandscaleofeffectsarerelatedto:

•thevolumeandtypeofmaterialthatisdeposited

•thelevelofcontamination

•themethodofdisposal

•thecharacteristicsofthedisposalsite.

Materialisusuallydepositedontheforeshoreorseabedtodisposeofdredgespoilorwastematerial,orforbeachre­nourishmentanderosionprotection.ThedisposalofdredgespoilandwasteissubjecttotheResourceManagement(MarinePollution)Regulations1998.

TheHaurakiGulfMarineParkAct2000requiresthattheHaurakiGulfismanagedtoprotect,andwhereappropriate,enhancethelife­supportingcapacityoftheenvironmentoftheGulf.ThedisposalofmaterialcanhavesignificantadverseeffectsonnaturalvaluesandshouldbeavoidedwithintheHaurakiGulfMarinePark.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Thedepositingofmaterialisundertakeninappropriatelocationstoprovideforpublicbenefit,erosioncontrolorhabitatenhancement.

2.AreasidentifiedashavingsignificantvaluesarenotadverselyaffectedbymaterialbeingdepositedordisposedofintheCMA.

3.Theadverseeffectsfromthedisposalofmaterial,particularlyanycontaminatedmaterial,areminimised.

4.Theecological,recreational,cultural,andamenityvaluesoftheHaurakiGulfarenotadverselyaffectedbythedisposalofmaterialintheCMA.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Provideforthedepositingofmaterialontheforeshoreandseabedforbeachnourishmentwhere:

a.itisfreeofwasteandcontaminantsandthematerialhassimilarphysicalcharacteristicstothesedimentsatthelocationitwillbedeposited

b.itwillhaveenvironmental,scientific,cultural,amenityorsocialbenefits,orisforerosioncontrol

c.theadverseenvironmenteffectsofdepositingthematerialcanbeavoided,remediedormitigated

d.themethodsusedwillmaximiseretentionofthematerialwithinthecoastalcellinwhichitisplaced.

2.Provideforthedepositingofcontaminatedmaterialinanapprovedreclamationwhereanycontaminantsarecontainedinawaythatwillresultinnomorethanminoradverseeffectsonwaterquality,aquaticecosystemsandindigenousbiodiversityintheCMA.

3.AvoidthedisposalofmaterialintheHaurakiGulfMarinePark.

4.AvoidthedisposalofmaterialintheCMAwhereitwillhaveadverseeffectson:

a.areasidentifiedashavingsignificantvalue

b.scheduledhistoricheritageplacesorsitesandplacesofsignificancetoManaWhenua.

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5.Avoidthedisposalofsolidinorganicwasteorothermatter,suchasvessels,orstructuresintheCMA,unless:

a.itisforenvironmental,scientific,cultural,amenityorsocialbenefitsandtheadverseeffectsassociatedwiththedisposalcanbeavoidedasfaraspracticable,orremediedormitigated

b.thereisnoreasonablealternativemethodforremovalofthevessel,platformorstructurefromtheCMAanditssubsequentdisposalontoland

c.therewillbelessenvironmentaleffectfromdisposingofthevessel,platformorstructureintheCMAthanonland

d.theproposeddisposalareawillnotinterferewithoradverselyaffectotherusersoftheCMA.

6.Avoidsignificantadverseeffectsfromthedisposalofmaterial,anddeterminetheappropriatenessofproposalsbytakingintoaccount:

a.thevolumeofmaterial

b.thedegreeofcontaminationandresultingeffectsonwaterquality,sedimentqualityandecology

c.thepresenceofharmfulaquaticorganismsinthematerialtobedisposedofandtheriskofintroducingtheseintoareaswheretheyarenotpresent

d.thesensitivityofthereceivingenvironment,withparticularreferencetonaturalcharacterandecologicalvalues

e.thepublicuseofthearea

f.thecharacteristicsofthedisposalarea,withparticularreferencetothepotentialforcontaminantstobereleasedfromthearea,andthepotentialforre­suspensionofthematerial

g.thedisposaltechnique,andfordredgedmaterial,thewatercontentorsolidityofthematerialatthetimeofdisposal

h.availablealternativedisposaltechniques,includingstabilisation,useasmudcrete,ordisposingofthematerialonland

i.theothermatterscontainedinSchedule3oftheResourceManagement(MarinePollution)Regulations1998.

7.AvoidthedisposalofsignificantlycontaminatedmaterialintheCMAunless,afterundertakinganassessmentofwastemanagementoptionsdescribedinPart1,Schedule3oftheResourceManagement(MarinePollution)Regulations1998,itcanbedemonstratedthat:

a.therearenoreasonableandpracticablealternativedisposalmethodsorareas

b.thecontaminantscanbesatisfactorilycontainedwithinthedisposalarea,orifitisadispersiveenvironment,thattheadverseeffectsassociatedwiththereleaseofcontaminantswillnotbesignificant.

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8.

9.

10.

Requirethedisposalofmaterialtobeundertakeninanareathatwillminimisethespreadorlossofsedimentandothercontaminantstothesurroundingseabedandcoastalwaters,ordemonstratethatthesiteisthebestpracticableoptiongiventhetypeofmaterialtobedisposedof.

Requireproposalstodisposeofmaterialinadispersiveenvironmenttodemonstratethattheadverseeffectsassociatedwiththereleaseandspreadofcontaminantsandsedimentwillnotbesignificant.

Requireanydisposalofmaterialtobeundertakenatalocationandtimethatwillavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffectson:

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a.theecologicalfunctionofthearea,suchasgrowthandreproductionofmarineandcoastalfaunaandflora,includingfeedingandspawninghabitatsandmigratorypathways

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b.otherestablishedactivities,includingrecreationaluse

c.waterquality,includinganycontributingfactorswhichmayleadtoorpromotealgalblooms.

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5.1.3Dredging

Background

Dredgingmaybenecessarytoenabletheon­goinguseofareasbyexistingactivities,forexampletomaintainadequatewaterdepthinnavigationchannelsandaroundstructurestoenabletheongoingsafevesselmovementandaccessforportormarinaactivities.Dredgingmayalsobenecessaryto:

•enablethedevelopmentofnewactivitiessuchasports,marinas,wharvesandjetties,andtoclear,cutorrealignstreamandrivermouths

•providefortheoperationoflanddrainage,stormwatersystemsandotherinfrastructure

•maintainorrestoreareasforrecreationaluseandnavigation,includingthroughtheremovalofPacificoysterreefs.

Dredging,andthedisposalofdredgedmaterial,canhaveadverseenvironmentaleffects,particularlyonwaterquality,andtheseneedtobeminimised.Newdevelopmentthatrequireswateraccessshouldbelocatedinareasthatwillminimisetheneedfordredgingorchannelclearancetomaintainadequatewaterdepth,bothfortheinitialdevelopmentandintheongoinguseofthefacility.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.TheadverseenvironmentaleffectsontheCMAfromdredgingareavoided,remedied,ormitigated.

2.Adequatewaterdepthismaintained,particularlyinnavigationchannelsandaroundstructures,toensuresafenavigationanduseoftheCMA.

3.Thesafeandefficientoperationofsignificantinfrastructureisenabled,includingthroughundertakingdredgingwherenecessary.

4.Theriskoffloodingorerosion,includingfromchannels,river­mouthsordrainagesystems,isminimised.

5.Newuseanddevelopmentthatrequireswateraccessislocatedanddesignedtominimisetheneedfordredging.

Policies

[rcp]

1.EnabledredgingwithinnavigationalchannelsandtheMinorPort,Defence,FerryTerminal,MarinazonesandtheCityCentrewaterfrontprecincts,toprovidefortheirongoinguse.

2.Enabledredgingtobeundertakentomaintainthesafeandefficientoperationofsignificantinfrastructureandminimisetheriskoffloodinganderosion,includingdredgingthatisnecessaryfor:

a.clearing,cuttingorrealigningstreamorrivermouthsorwatercoursesfordrainagepurposes

b.clearingtheexitofanylawfulstormwateroutfallorpipe

c.maintainingefficientwaterflowtoreducetheriskoffloodinganderosion

d.maintainingstructuresandremovinghazardstorecreationalusers.

3.Providefordredgingthatisnecessarytomaintainnavigationandenablesaferecreationaluse,includingdredgingfortheremovalofPacificoysterreefs.

4.RequiredredgingintheGCMzonetobeundertakenatatimethatwillavoid,orminimise,adverseeffectsonmarinemammals,birdroosting,nestingandfeeding,andrecreationalusersoftheCMA.

5.Controldredgingactivitiessothattheydonot:

a.causeorexacerbateerosionwithintheCMAoronadjacentland

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b.causedamagetoanyexistinglawfulstructures

c.resultinthepermanentlossofanyhabitatofarareorendangeredspecies

d.resultinadverseeffectsonsignificantsurfbreaksidentifiedinAppendix6.3

e.resultinthepermanentlossofascheduledhistoricheritageplaceorscheuledsitesandplacesofsignificancetoManaWhenua.

6.Requirebestpracticemethodsandprocedurestobeusedforthedredgingofcontaminatedsediments,andforsedimentorcontaminantmobilisationanddispersaltobeminimised.

7.Requirethedevelopmentorredevelopmentofmarinas,wharves,piersandberths,outsideoftheMinorPort,Defence,FerryTerminalandtheCityCentrewaterfrontprecincts,tobedesignedandlocatedtominimisetheneedfordredging.

8.Requireproposalsfordredgingtodemonstratethat:

a.therearenoreasonablypracticablealternativestoprovideforauseoractivitywhichwouldavoidorreducetheneedfordredging

b.anybeddisturbanceandresultingturbidityislocalisedandlimitedindurationsothattherearenolong­termadverseeffectsonthesurroundingenvironment.

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5.1.4Disturbanceoftheforeshoreandseabed

Background

Activitiesandworks,includingdrilling,piling,tunnelling,ortheconstruction,maintenanceorremovalofstructures,canhaveadverseeffectsontheforeshoreandseabed,including:

•compactionor‘cutting­up’oftheforeshoreorseabed

•sedimentdischargesandimpactsonwaterquality,habitat,floraandfauna

•lossofvegetation

•displacedmaterialfromexcavationandpiling

•equipmentandmaterialbeingdepositedintheCMA

•disturbance,destructionordemolitionofhistoricheritage

•themauriofthecoast.

Visual,naturalcharacterandamenityvaluescanalsobeadverselyaffectedbysignificantdisturbanceoftheforeshore.Theextentofeffectswilloftenvary,dependingonthenatureoftheforeshoreandseabed.Softmuddyshoresaremorelikelytobesignificantlyimpactedbydisturbanceoftheforeshorethansandyorhardersubstrateareas.Theextentofvegetationandtheecologicalvaluesofanareawillalsoinfluencethesignificanceofeffectsfromdisturbance.

Anumberofactivities,includingrecreationandgeneraluseoftheCMA,resultinsomeminorandshorttermdisturbanceoftheforeshoreandseabedthatcanusuallyberestoredthroughnaturaltideandwaveaction.Constructionorinstallationworksassociatedwithstructuresmayalsoonlyresultinaminorlevelofdisturbancetotheforeshoreandseabedthatwillresultinonlyshort­termeffects.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.UseanddevelopmentintheCMAthathasonlyshort­termandminorimpactsontheforeshoreandseabedisenabled.

2.Activitiesthatinvolvemorethanaminorlevelofdisturbancetotheforeshoreandseabedaremanagedtoavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffectsonnaturalcharacter,ecologicalvalues,coastalprocesses,historicheritageandManaWhenuavalues.

Policies

[rcp]

1.EnablerecreationaluseanddevelopmentintheCMAthatresultsinaminorlevelofdisturbancetotheforeshoreandseabed,orthatcanberemediedbywaveandtidalprocesses.

2.Provideforthedisturbanceoftheforeshoreandseabed,outsideareasidentifiedashavingsignificantvalues,wherethereisnopracticablealternative,andthedisturbanceisnecessarytoprovidefor:

a.infrastructureordrainagesystemsinappropriatelocations

b.theoperation,maintenanceanduseofexistinglawfulstructures,orinfrastructure

c.thesafeandefficientfunctioningofdrainagesystems

d.publichealthandsafety.

3.Provideforthedisturbanceoftheforeshoreorseabedthatisnecessarytoprotect,maintainorenhancehistoricheritageorManaWhenuavalues,geological,ecologicalorhabitatvalues,orforpublicaccessorresearch,wherethisisconsistentwithmaintainingthevaluesofthearea.

4.Requireuseanddevelopmenttolimittheareaofforeshoreandseabeddisturbancetotheextent

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practicable,andfortheworkstobedoneatatimeofdayoryearthatwillminimiseeffectson:

a.thefeeding,spawningandmigratorypatternsofmarineandcoastalfauna,includingbirdroosting,nestingandfeeding

b.stabilityofcoastalfeaturessuchasdunesandcoastalvegetation

c.publicaccessandrecreationaluseoftheCMA

d.otherestablishedactivities

e.traditionalgathering,collectionorharvestofkaimoanabyManaWhenua

f.historicheritageandManaWheunuavalues.

5.Requireactivitiesorworkstobedonebymethodsandattimesandinconditionsthatwillminimisethereleaseofsedimentandcontaminantsintocoastalwater.

6.AvoiddisturbanceoftheforeshoreandseabedthatwillresultinsignificantchangestonaturalcoastalprocessesthatwillhaveadverseeffectsonsignificantsurfbreaksidentifiedinAppendix6.3,orcauseorexacerbatecoastalerosion.

7.AvoidsignificantadverseeffectsontheCMAfromthelocation,ormethodofdisposal,ofanydisplacedmaterial.

8.Requiretheforeshoreorseabedtobereinstateduponcompletionofworks,wherepracticable,tobeinkeepingwiththenaturalcharacterandvisualamenityofthearea.

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5.1.5Mineralextraction

Background

Growth,developmentandactivitiesinAucklandcreatesignificantdemandforminerals,sand,shingle,shellandothernaturalmaterialfromtheCMA.Whetheritisforsteelorglassproduction,constructionmaterials,or beachreplenishmentpurposes,theseresourcescanbenefittheregionalcommunityandeconomy.

Extractioniscurrentlyundertakentoremovesandandshellfromsubtidalareas,offshorefromPakiriontheeastcoast,andatTaporaintheKaiparaHabouronthewestcoast,fromtheCMAinAuckland.

Theexploration,prospectingandminingofsomeminerals,suchasblackironsand,iscontrolledbytheCrownundertheCrownMineralsAct1991.Thecouncil,undertheRMA,hastheresponsibilityofmanagingtheenvironmentaleffectsofanyminingactivity.

TheeffectsassociatedwithmineralextractionfromtheCMAdependonthelocation,techniquesused,thecharacteristicsoftheextractedmaterialandsensitivityoftheenvironment.Forthisreason,aprecautionaryapproachisproposed,recognisingthatthepotentialadverseeffectsonthephysicalcoastalsystemcanbeuncertain,andthatitisdifficultinmanycasestodetermineanaccuratesedimentbudget

Objective

[rcp]

1.Theextractionofminerals,sand,shingle,shellandothernaturalmaterialoccursinasustainablemannerthatdoesnothavesignificantadverseeffectsontheCMAornear­shoreenvironments.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Provideforthesustainableextractionofminerals,sand,shingle,shellandothernaturalmaterialfromappropriateareas,havingregardtothevaluesoftheareaandthenaturalrateofsedimentbeingdepositedoversedimentlostfromtheareawhereextractionisproposed.

2.AdoptaprecautionaryapproachtoapplicationsforextractionwithintheCMA,whichmayincludeusinganadaptivemanagementapproachintermsof:

a.stagingtheoperation

b.thelocationoftheactivity

c.themaximumvolumeofminerals,sand,shingle,shellandothernaturalmaterialtobeextracted

d.thetermofconsent

e.environmentalmonitoring.

3.Requireapplicationsformineralextractiontoidentifythesignificanceofadverseeffects,andtheextenttowhichtheycanbeavoided,remediedormitigated,on:

a.marineandcoastalvegetation

b.marineandcoastalfauna,includingfeeding,spawningandmigratorypatterns,birdroostingandnesting,fishandshellfish

c.waterquality,includingfromsediment,turbidityorcontaminants

d.habitatsofarareorendangeredspecies

e.dunestabilityandcoastalerosion

f.changestothebathymetry,foreshorecontours,sedimentparticlesizeorphysicalcoastalprocesses

g.thevaluesofsignificantsurf­breaksidentifiedinAppendix6.3

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h.recreationandamenityvaluesofthearea

i.establishedlawfulactivitiesinthearea

j.ManaWhenuavalues.

4.RequireapplicationsformineralextractionintheCMAtoincludethemeasurestomanageanyadverseeffects,includingremediationandmitigationmeasures.

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5.1.6Vegetation:mangrovemanagement

Background

Mangrovesareavaluablepartofcoastalecosystemsandperformanimportantroleintrappingsedimentandcontaminantsandinmitigatingcoastalerosion.However,insomeareasmangroveshavebeenspreadingand arehavinganadverseeffectonotheruseandvaluesofthecoast.AkeyfactorcontributingtotheirspreadisthelevelofsedimententeringtheCMAfromcatchments,bothfrompastandcurrentlanduse,andcumulatively

overtime.Mangroveshaveincreasedsignificantlyinsomeareasandwiththeincreasingurbanisationanduseofcoastalareasthishasresultedindemandsformangrovestobeabletoberemovedbacktoanextentthatexistedataearlierpointintime.

Mangrovescanaffectaccess,navigation,views,amenityvaluesandtheongoingsafeuseandfunctionofstructures,infrastructureanddrainagesystems.Insomeareasmangrovespreadhasresultedinmangrovesdominatingoverotherhabitattypesandreducingbiodiversity.Removalmaybeappropriatetoaddresstheseissues.

Asthecoastispredominantlypubliccommons,mangroveremovalshouldbeforthepurposeofmaintainingbiodiversityortoprovideforpublicuseandbenefit,ratherthanforprivatepropertygainorenhancement.Insomeareasplanshavebeendevelopedforthemanagementoftheland­seainterface.Theseincludeexistingcoastalcompartmentplans,comprehensivecoastalmanagementplans,areaplans,reservemanagementplansandintegratedcatchmentmanagementplans.Mangroveremovalproposals,andinitiativestoreducesediment inputs,shouldtakeintoaccountthestrategicdirectionprovidedbyanyplanadoptedforthearea.

Removalactivitiesdisturbanddamagetheforeshoreandseabedandcanhaveadverseeffectsonwaterqualityfromthereleaseofsedimentandcontaminants.Removalcanalsoaffectecologicalvalues,includingonnativeandmigratorybirdspecies,particularlyduringbreedingandfeedingtimes.Atthesametimemangrovespreadcanreducewadingbirdfeedingandroostingareasandremovalmaybeappropriatetoretaintheseareas.Asareashavedifferentuseandvalues,andaresubjecttovaryingnaturalprocessesofwind,waveandtide,theeffectsofmangroveremovalwilldifferbetweenlocations.Themostappropriatemethodofremovalanddisposalofremovedmangroveswillalsodifferbetweensites.

Mangroveremovalshouldbeaccompaniedbyinitiativestoaddressthelong­termissueofmangrovespreadbyreducingtheamountofsedimententeringtheCMA,assedimentthatsettlesinupperestuariesandharbourscreatesanenvironmentwheremangrovescansuccessfullyestablishandspread.Thelong­termmaintenanceofclearedareasneedstobeprovidedforiftheyaretoremainfreeofmangrovesinthelong­term.Mangroveseedlingscanquicklyre­coloniseareasiftheyarenotremovedonanon­goingbasis.Sedimentmayalsomovefromclearedareasovertimeandresultinmangrovestumpsneedingtobecutbacktothenewseabedleveltomaintainthesafeuseofclearedareas.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Theecologicalvalueofmangrovesisrecognisedandmangrovesareretainedinareaswheretheyhavebeenidentifiedashavingsignificantecologicalvalue.

2.Mangrovesareretainedinareasthataresubjecttoactivecoastalerosionandwheretheyperformanimportantroleinmitigatingcoastalhazards.

3.Thespreadofmangrovesismanagedandremovalinappropriatelocationsenabledtorestoreormaintainpublicaccess,navigationandamenityvalues,ortoretainecologicalvalues,includingsignificantwadingbirdareas.

4.Theremovalofmangrovesisenabledfromareaswheretheyhavespreadsince1996,withonlyminoradverseeffectsontheenvironment.

5.SedimentinputsintotheCMA,thatfacilitateon­goingmangrovecolonisationandspread,arereduced.

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6.ManaWhenuavalues,mātaurangaandtikangaarerecognisedandreflectedinmangrovemanagement.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Avoidtheremovalofmangroves,includingseedlings,fromareas:

a.identifiedashavingsignificantecologicalornaturalcharactervalues,orwheremangrovesprovideimportantecologicalvalues

b.ofactivecoastalerosionwheremangrovesprovideabufferagainstcoastalprocessescausingerosion

c.wherethesedimentscontainhighlevelsofcontaminantsatriskofbeingre­suspended.

2.Encourageanassessmentofsedimentinputsintheareaandpromotecatchmentinitiativestoreducesedimentandnutrientinputswhenmangroveremovalactivitiesareproposed.

3.Provideformangroveandseedlingremovalwheremangroveshavespreadandtheproposedremovalisnecessarytoenable,maintain,restoreorenhance:

a.publicaccessto,oralong,theCMA

b.connectionswithreservesorpubliclyownedlandandthesea

c.publicuseandamenityvalues

d.wateraccessandnavigation,includingwakaportageroutes

e.publichealthandsafety,includingsightlinesandtrafficsafety

f.accesstothecoastfrommarae,ortoareasoftraditionaluse

g.ecologicalvalues,includingsignificantwadingbirdfeedingorroostingareas

h.scheduledhistoricheritageplacesornaturalfeatures.

4.Enablemangroveremovalbacktotheextentthatexistedat1996toreinstatenavigation,accessandamenityvalues,subjecttothemethodsofremovalanddisposalhavingonlyminoradverseeffectsontheCMA.

5.Enablemangroveremoval,wherethereisnopracticablealternative,andremovalisnecessarytoallowfor:

a.theoperation,maintenanceanduseofexistinglawfulstructures,orinfrastructureincludingdrainage

b.theprovisionofinfrastructure,includingdrainagesystemsthatcannotpracticallybelocatedinanalternativeareathatwouldavoidtheneedformangroveremoval.

6.Provideformangroveremovalwheretheproposedremovalisingeneralaccordancewithareservemanagementplan,comprehensivecoastalmanagementplan,orsimilarplanthathasbeensubjecttoastatutoryconsultationprocesswherethepotentialadverseeffectshavebeenconsidered.

7.Requiremangroveremovalto:

a.minimisethedisturbanceoftheforeshoreandseabedandtoshorebirdbreedingandfeeding,includingmigratoryspecies

b.minimisesedimentandcontaminantdischarges

c.wherepractical,disposeofremovedmangrovesbyanappropriatemethodoutsidetheCMA

d.provideevidencethatthedisposalmethodwillnotresultinsignificantadverseeffectsontheCMAwherelandwarddisposalisnotproposed

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e.takeanadaptivemanagementapproachformangroveremovalanddisposalwhereasignificantareaofremovalisproposedandthereisuncertaintyovertheextentofadverseeffects

f.provideforthelong­termmaintenanceofclearedareas.

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8.

9.

10.

AvoidtheburningofremovedmangrovesasthemethodofdisposalintheCMA.

Encourageacoordinatedapproachtomangrovemanagementwheretherearemultipleproposalsformangroveremovalwithinthesamecoastalreceivingenvironment,rohe,localboardarea,orcoastalcell,sothattheyareconsideredinanintegratedmannerandwithinasingleresourceconsentapplication.

EncouragetheidentificationofManaWhenuavaluesassociatedwithmangrovesandtheCMA,andassessmentoftheeffectsofmangroveremovalonthesevaluesandtoincorporateMātaurangaandtikangainthemanagementofmangroves.

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5.1.7Vegetation:removalofexoticspeciesandpacificoystershell

Background

Exoticorintroducedplants,includingspartinaandseaweeds,canspreadrapidlyandcauseadverseeffectsonindigenousbiodiversity.Theremovalofexoticspeciesneedstobecarefullymanagedasitisoftendifficultandtheremovalprocesscanincreasetheriskoftheirspreading.

Pacificoystersareanexoticspeciesthatarevaluedforaquaculture,butthathavealsospreadthroughlargepartsofthecoastresultinginthedisplacementofthenativeoysterandcausingsignificantadverseeffectsonrecreationaluseandamenityvalues.

Insomeareas,includingtheManukauHarbour,Pacificoystershavebuiltupintoreefsthatlimittheabilityforpeopletosafelyuseareasforboating,wind­surfingandotheractivities.Theremovaloftheseoftensubstantialreefswillrequiredredgingorothermechanicalmeans.

TheaccumulationofPacificoystersandoystershellalongbeachesalsosignificantlydetractsfromtheirrecreationaluseandamenityvalue.CommunitygroupsaroundAucklandoftenundertakePacificoystershellremovalprojectstohelprestorebeachesforrecreationaluse.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Exoticspeciesaremanagedsothatindigenousbiodiversity,publicaccessandamenityvaluesarerestored,maintainedorenhanced.

2.Theadverseeffectsandrisksassociatedwiththeremovalofexoticspeciesareminimised.

3.Pacificoysterreefsandshellaremanagedsothattherecreationaluseandamenityvaluesofthecoastaremaintained.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Allowtheremovalofexoticplantswhere:

a.theremovalmeetstheprovisionsofanapprovedpestmanagementstrategypreparedundertheBiosecurityAct1993

b.removalwillhavetheleastadverseenvironmentaleffectsandalesseradverseeffectthantakingnoaction

c.themethodofremovalanddisposalminimisesanyadverseeffects,includingtherisksoffurtherspread.

2.ProvidefortheremovalofPacificoysterreefsandshellwhere:

a.theyarerestrictingaccess,navigation,recreationaluseanddetractingfromtheamenityvalueofanarea,or

b.theyarehavinganadverseeffectonecologicalvalues,and

c.theremovalmethodminimisesadverseeffectstotheextentpracticable,and

d.theremovalmethodwillhaveonlyminoreffectsonareasidentifiedasansignificantecologicalvalue,and

e.appropriateprovisionismadeforthedisposalofdredgedmaterialorremovedshell.

Note:PacificoystershellremovalmustalsocomplywiththeFisheriesAct1996.

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5.1.8Vegetation:plantingintheCMA

Background

TheplantingofnativeplantsforhabitatprotectionandenhancementorforcoastalhazardmitigationcanhavebeneficialeffectsontheecologyoftheCMA.Thegreatestbenefitisachievedfromusingplantssourcedfromwithin,ratherthanoutside,thesameecologicaldistrict.

TheintroductionofexoticplantscanhaveadverseeffectsontheecologyandnaturalprocessesoftheCMA.Oftenthepotentialeffectsofexoticspeciesareunknown.

Objective

[rcp]

1.Thedistinctnaturalvariationsinnativeplantspeciesthatoccurbetweendifferentareas,andbiodiversityintheCMA,aremaintained.

Policies

[rcp]

1.AvoidtheintroductionanduseofexoticplantspeciesintotheCMAunlesstheadverseeffectsareunderstoodandcanbeavoidedormitigated.

2.Avoidtheplanting,transplantingorintroductionofallspeciesofspartina(cordgrass)intheCMA.

3.PromotetheuseofnativeplantssourcedfromthesameecologicaldistrictforplantingintheCMAunless:

a.thisisnotpossible

b.anyadverseeffects,includingcumulativeeffects,onlocalnativeplantscanbeavoidedormitigated.

4.PromoteplantingintheCMAto:

a.enhanceexistingnaturalcharacterandcommunitiesofnativeplantsbyusingnativeplantsthatareconsistentwiththelocalnativeplantsspeciesandcommontothelocation

b.avoidchangestonaturalcoastalprocesses,unlesstheplantingisforthepurposeofmitigatingacoastalhazard.

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5.1.9Taking,useanddammingordivertingofcoastalwaters

Background

WhilewaterisanabundantresourceintheCMAadverseenvironmentaleffectsmayresultfromthetaking,use,dammingordivertingoflargequantitiesofcoastalwater.Adverseenvironmentaleffectsaremorelikelytooccuriftheseactivitiesareundertakeninmoreenclosedandsensitivecoastalareassuchasestuaries,inlets,harboursandembayments.Thestructuresorworksassociatedwiththeseactivitiesmayalsohaveadverseenvironmentaleffects.

Objective

[rcp]

1.Thetaking,useordiversionofcoastalwaterismanagedtoprotecttheenvironmentalvaluesoftheCMA.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Enablethetakingoruseofcoastalwaterforthenormaloperationalneedsofvesselsorforfire­fightingpurposes.

2.Providefortaking,useordiversionofcoastalwater,ortakingorusingheatorenergyfromcoastalwater,whereitwillnot:

a.havesignificantadverseeffectsonthenaturalcharacterofthecoastalenvironment

b.resultintheabstractionofsignificantnumbersofmarineorganisms

c.damageordestroymarinehabitatsornaturalfeatures

d.producesignificantchangesinwaterlevels,currentvelocityandsedimenttransportpatternswhichwouldincreasesedimentation,resultinscouring,orchangeexistingdynamiccoastalprocesses

e.adverselyaffectwaterquality

f.producesignificantchangesinwatertemperature

g.adverselyaffectadjacentlanduses.

3.Avoiddammingorimpoundmentofcoastalwaterunless:

a.thereisnopracticablealternativelocationonlandorothermethodavailable

b.thereissignificantpublicbenefit

c.itisnecessarytoenabletheconstruction,operationormaintenanceofsignificantinfrastructure

d.itisforhabitatprotection

e.thepositiveeffectsontheenvironmentaresufficienttomitigatetheadverseeffects

f.therearenoadversecumulativeeffects.

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5.1.10Discharges

Background

WaterqualityisfundamentaltomostactivitiesundertakenintheCMAandunderpinstheecologicalhealthandlife­supportingcapacityofthemarineenvironment.

Coastalactivitiessuchasfoodgathering,recreation,tourismandaquaculturerelyonwaterqualitybeingofasafestandard.Amenityvalues,andtheintrinsicvaluesofthecoastarealsoinfluencedbywhetherwehaveclear,cleancoastalwater.

Sediment,nutrientandcontaminantlevelsindischargestocoastalwaterhaveasignificanteffectonecologicalvaluesandcoastalhabitats.Sensitivereceivingenvironmentswithhighrecreationalorecologicalvalues,forexamplehighusebeaches,estuariesandharboursareparticularlyaffectedbydischarges,particularlyfromurbanisedareas.

TheCMAanditsresourcescomprisesomeofthemostimportanttaongatoManaWhenua.Waterquality,whichunderpinsthewell­beingoftheCMAandtheabilitytousetheresourcesoftheCMA,isfundamentaltoallaspectsofManaWhenuawell­being.Tikangaplaceshighvalueontheconceptofmanaakitanga,theabilitytoprovideanabundanceoffoodtoguestsasamatteroftribalmanaandwell­being.Dischargesthatdegradewaterquality,depletemarinelife,orpreventconsumptionkaimoanaforhealthreasons,areafundamentalmatterofconcernforManaWhenua.

DischargescontrolledbytheUnitaryPlanareprimarilyend­of­pipedischarges,withthemajoritycomingfromexistingwastewaterstormwaterandcombinednetworkinfrastructure.

Someofthesedischargesoccurinsensitivemarineenvironments.However,itwouldinvolvesignificantpublicexpendituretochangethelocationofdischargesortoundertakeworkstomitigatetheenvironmentaleffectsfromdischarges.Giventhissituation,abestpracticableoption(BPO)strategicapproach,asdefinedins.2(1)oftheRMA,hasbeenadoptedtoprioritiseupgradesofinfrastructurenetworksdischargingintotheCMAandtoguideintheassessmentofdischargeconsents.Inimplementingthisapproachregardwillbehadto:

•thepoliciescontainedintheWaterchapteroftheUnitaryPlan

•existingmarinesedimentqualityandbenthicecologyvalues

•thecontaminanttrendsovertimeandindicatorsmeasuredandobservedfortherelevantreceivingenvironment.

Inmanagingdischargestothecoast,alldischargeswillberequiredtohaveregardtoexistingsedimentqualitythresholdeffectslevels,belowwhichadverseeffectsonaquaticorganismsarepredictedtorarelyoccur.

Thecouncilwillworkcollaborativelytoidentifyadditionalcoastalwaterqualityindicatorsandguidelinevaluestocomplementtheexistingsedimentqualitythresholdeffectslevels.Thiswillhelpimprovetheevaluationofdifferentdischargeoptionsthroughtheresourceconsentprocess.ThiswillbeaninterimmeasureasimplementationoftheNationalPolicyStatementFreshwaterManagement2011andmarinespatialplanningislikelytoresultinadditionalmeasurestosafeguardthevaluesofcoastalreceivingenvironments.

TheeffectsofcontaminantdischargesontheCMAarenotwellunderstood,butasmoreislearnedaboutthem,prioritywillbegiventomanagingthecontaminantsandsourcescausingthemostdegradation.

OtherdischargesintotheCMAcanoccurfromconstructionactivitiesorvessels.Commoncontaminantsdischargedincludefuelandoil,suspendedsolids,heavymetals,syntheticandnaturallyoccurringorganiccompounds,sewage,micro­organisms,andlitter.

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Objectives

[rcp]

1.WaterandsedimentqualityintheCMAismaintainedanddegradedareasenhanced.

2.Themauriofcoastalwaterismaintainedand,wherepossible,restoredtoenabletraditionalandculturaluseofthecoastanditsresourcesbyManaWhenua.

3.Thelife­supportingcapacityandnaturalresources,includingkaimoana,oftheHaurakiGulf,areprotectedand,whereappropriate,enhanced.

4.Stormwaterandwastewaternetworksprotectpublichealthandsafetyandmanagetheadverseeffectsofcontaminantsoncoastalwaterquality.

5.WastewaterandstormwaterdischargesaremanagedtominimiseandreduceadverseeffectsontheCMA,recognisingthatthecostofremovingorrelocatinginfrastructureishigh.

6.Otherdischarges,includingthosefromboatsandland,aremanagedtominimiseadverseeffectsoncoastalwaterqualityandecosystems.

7.Thequantityoflitterenteringcoastalwaterisreduced.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Allowdischargesthatareconsistentwiththebestpracticableoption(BPO)approachforpreventingorminimisingtheadverseeffectsfromstormwaterandwastewaterdischargesinthecoastalenvironment.

2.Requirestormwaterandwastewaternetworkupgradestoachieveidentifiedwaterqualityoutcomesonawholeofcatchmentandcoastalreceivingareabasis.

3.Avoidthedischargeofcontaminantswhereitwillresultinsignificantmodificationof,ordamagetoanyareasidentifiedashavingsignificantvalues.

4.RequireanyproposaltodischargecontaminantsorwaterintotheCMAtoadopttheBPOtopreventorminimiseadverseeffectsontheenvironment,havingregardtowhether:

a.itispracticableorappropriatetodischargetolandaboveMHWS

b.thereisareticulatedwastewatersysteminplacethatshouldbeused

c.contaminantsinthedischargeareminimised

d.thereceivingenvironmenthasthecapacitytoassimilatethedischargedcontaminantsafterreasonablemixing,particularlywithinareasidentifiedashavingsignificantecologicalvalue

e.theadverseeffectsonthepresentandforeseeableuseofthereceivingwatersafterreasonablemixinghavebeenavoided,remediedormitigated,particularlyinareaswherethereis:

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i.

ii.

iii.iv.

highrecreationaluse

relevantinitiativesbyManaWhenuaestablishedunderregulationsrelatingtotheconservationormanagementoffisheries

thecollectionoffishandshellfishforconsumptionareasassociatedwithmaintenancedredging.

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f.cleanerproductionmethodswouldresultinthevolumeandlevelofcontaminationbeingreducedtothegreatestextentpracticable

g.thedischargeafterreasonablemixingresultsinanyofthefollowingeffects:

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i.

ii.

oilorgreasefilms,scumsorfoams,orfloatableorsuspendedmaterialsconspicuouschangeinthecolourorvisualclarity

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iii.iv.

v.

anyemissionofobjectionableodour

anysignificantadverseeffectsonaquaticlife

anysignificanteffectsofaestheticoramenityvalues.

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h.thedischargecomplieswithrelevant,appropriateandacceptedcodesofpracticeandenvironmentalguidelines.

5.AvoidthedischargeofsewagetotheCMA,unless:

a.alternativemethods,sitesandroutesforthedischargehavebeenconsideredandarenottheBPO

b.ManaWhenuahavebeenconsultedinaccordancewithtikangaMāorianddueweighthasbeengiventos.6,s.7ands.8oftheRMA

c.theaffectedcommunityhasbeenconsultedregardingthesuitabilityofthetreatmentanddisposalsystemtoaddressanyenvironmentaleffects

d.theadverseeffectsonpresentandforeseeablefutureuseoftheareaareavoided,remediedormitigated,particularlyinareasof:

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i.

ii.iii.

highrecreationaluse,orthatareusedforfishingorshellfishgatheringareasofmaintenancedredging

commercialorresidentialwaterfrontdevelopment.

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6.Minimise,totheextentpracticable,thedischargeofcontaminantsinareasthatrequiremaintenancedredging.

7.Reducetheamountoflitterenteringcoastalwaters,andmitigatetheeffectsoflitterdisposal,througharangeofmethods,including:

a.educationandraisingawarenessoftherangeofwayslitterentersthecoast,andtheadverseeffectsithas

b.supportingbeachclean­ups

c.providinglitterdisposalfacilitiesinappropriatelocations,andprovidingadviceonwherelittershouldbedisposedof

d.encouragingdesign,maintenanceandmanagementinitiatives,includingfordischargestructures,roadcleaningandotheractivities,thatwillhelpminimisetheamountoflitterdischargedintotheCMA.

8.Providefordischargesthatareunavoidablebutintermittent,where:

a.thedischargeoccursinfrequently

b.therearetechnicalandpracticaldifficultieswhichpreventmeasuresbeingtakentoavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffectsofthedischarge

c.thereisanappropriateprogramme,consistentwiththeBPOapproach,inplacetoupgradethequalityoftheinfrastructurewithinareasonabletimeframetoavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffects.

9.Enableneworredevelopmentofinfrastructuretomeettheeconomicandsocialneedsofpeopleandcommunities,takingintoaccount:

a.thepracticabilityofupgradingthepartoftheinfrastructureatissue,takingintoconsiderationthestateoftheinfrastructureandthecostsofupgradingoption

b.publichealthpriorities

c.thenatureofboththereceivingenvironmentandthedischarge

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d.prioritiesforfloodingandinundationprotection.

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10.

RequiredischargestotheCMAfromstormwater,wastewaterandnon­networksourcestobemanagedwithinaBPOframework,havingregardto:

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a.policies3.1.3.16.1.1to3.1.3.16.1.4inPart3.1.3.16.1WaterQuality

b.thesedimentqualityindicatorsinTable1below,andto:

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i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

maintainingexistingsedimentconcentrationswheretheyarebelowthethresholdeffectslevels

reducingcontaminantlevelsandthespreadofcontaminantsoutsidethedischargezonewhereexistingsedimentconcentrationsareabovethethresholdeffectslevel

takingintoaccounttrendsinthesedimentqualityidentifiedbymonitoring,ormodellingofhoweachoptionwillaffectthosetrends

protectingexistingbenthicecology.

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Table1:SedimentQualityIndicators­primarycontaminants(mg/kg)insurficialsediments(toadepthof20mm)

Monitoringmethod
guideline / Parameter / Thresholdeffectslevel
(TEL)
'Blueprintforenvironmentalmonitoringofurbancoastalreceivingenvironments'
ARCTP168i / Zn / 124
Cu / 19
Pb / 30
HMWPAHa,b / 0.66

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11.

12.

MonitoringmethodsfordischargesshouldbealignedtothoseoutlinedinAucklandRegionalCouncil'sTechnicalPublication168,BlueprintforMonitoringUrbanReceivingEnvironments.

Encouragethesourcecontrolofcontaminantsasamethodtopreventorminimisetheirentryintothereceivingenvironmentfromsiteswheresourcecontaminantcontroldevicesandmethodscanpracticablybemaintainedonanongoingbasis.

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5.1.11Sewagedischargefromvessels

Background

Aucklandhasahighconcentrationofrecreationalandboatingactivities.Thedirectdischargeofsewageintocoastalwatersfromvesselsreduceswaterquality.Thiscanhavelocalisedadverseeffectsonamenityvalues,recreationalactivities,culturalvalues,ecology,andmarinefarming.Theeffectofdischargesfromvesselscausemostconcernduringpeaksummermonthsandholidayperiods,particularlyinenclosedbays,harboursandpopularanchorages.

TheResourceManagement(MarinePollution)Regulations1998setlimitsonwheresewagecanbedischargedfromboats.Theregulationsleavesmallareas,mainlychannels,withincertainharbours,embayments,orestuarieswhereitislawfultodischargeuntreatedsewagefromboats.

Sewagepump­outfacilitiesenablevesselswithholdingtankstodisposeofwasteappropriatelyratherthandischargingfurtheroffshore.Suchfacilitiesareavailableatseveralmarinas,howevertherearecurrentlynosuchfacilitiesatcruisingdestinationsitessuchasGreatBarrierIslandandWaihekeIsland.Alackofavailablesewagepump­outfacilitiesnecessitatesthedirectdischargeofsewagefromvesselsintocoastalwaters.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.ThevaluesoftheCMA,andactivitiesthatrelyonhighwaterquality,areprotectedfromtheadverseeffectsfromthedischargeofsewagefromvessels.

2.ThehighrecreationandamenityvaluesoftheinnerHaurakiGulfaremaintained.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Avoidthedischargeofsewagefromvesselswithinareasthathavebeenidentifiedasinappropriateduetotheproximitytoshore,marinefarms,marinereserves,orshallowwaterdepth.

2.Requireprovisionofsewagecollectionanddisposalfacilitiesforvesselsatnewports,marinasandotherappropriatefacilities,oratthetimeofsignificantupgradingofthesefacilities.

3.Promotetheinstallationofpublictoiletfacilitiesathighuseboatrampsandboatingdestinations,atconstruction,orduringsignificantupgradesofthesefacilities.

4.Promotepublicawarenessandeducationcampaignsaroundthedischargeofsewagefromvessels,anduseofvesselholdingtanksandpump­outfacilities.

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5.1.12Discharges from bio­fouling and vessel maintenance

Background

Vesselsaccumulatebio­foulingofmarineplantandanimalorganismsontheirhulls,whichmayincludeharmfulaquaticorganisms.VesselsarrivingfromoverseasmaybecarryingorganismsthatareexotictoNewZealand,whereasvesselsfromotherpartsofNewZealand,oreventhosetravellingbetweendifferentplacesinAuckland,mayfurtherspreadexoticspecieswhicharealreadyestablished.TheseorganismsmaybedischargedintotheCMAeitherbyactivein­watercleaningofhulls,orbypassivedischargeduetoreproductiveprocessesoftheorganisms,orbywatersheeringduringvesselmovement.

Manyoftheseorganismscanpresentarisktonativeecologyortomarineindustrysuchasaquaculture.Thechangestotheenvironmentthatmayresultfromtheirintroductionandspreadcanalsoadverselyaffectamenityvaluesandrecreationalactivities.Controllingthespreadoftheseorganisms,oncetheyareestablishedinanarea,isexpensive,andtotaleradicationisoftenimpossible.

ThebestwaytominimisetherisksassociatedwithharmfulaquaticorganismsistotryandavoidtheirintroductionintoNewZealand,andiftheyarealreadypresent,totryandlimittheirspreadbycontrollingthemovementoffouledvessels,equipmentandgear.Higherlevelsofbio­foulingonthehullofavesselincreasetheriskofharmfulaquaticorganismsbeingdischarged.Theoriginofavesselfurtheraddstothelevelofrisk.Theseprovisionsallowfortheremovalofmicro­foulingscumfromvessels,butplaceprogressivelystrictercontrolsonvesselswithhigherlevelsofhullbio­fouling,whichispreventableifvesselmaintenanceiskeptuptodate.

Note:TheleveloffoulingisasexpressedintheinternationalLevelofFouling,orLOFScaleof1­5;LOF1beingalgalslimemicrofouling,andLOF2­5beingprogressivemacrofoulingstages.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Theriskofintroducingorspreadingharmfulaquaticorganismsfromvesselbio­foulingisminimised.

2.Theriskofintroducingcontaminants,includingharmfulaquaticorganisms,fromthein­watercleaningofvesselsneartheshoresofHaurakiGulfMarineParkIslandswhichhaveconservationstatusisminimised.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Raiseawarenessamongtheboatingcommunity,particularlyforvesselsarrivingfromoutsideNewZealandorAuckland,oftheriskofintroducingorspreadingharmfulaquaticorganismsduringboatmaintenanceactivitiesandfromthepassivedischargeoforganismsfrommacro­fouling.

2.Managethein­waterhullcleaningandboatmaintenanceactivitiesofvessels,particularlythosethathaveahighdegreeofbio­fouling,tominimisetheriskofharmfulaquaticorganismsbeingdischargedintocoastalwater.

3.Avoidin­watercleaningorboatmaintenanceactivitiesbeingundertakenontheforeshoreandmarineareasurroundingtheHaurakiGulfconservationislands,toreducetheriskfromcontaminants,includingharmfulaquaticorganisms,adverselyaffectingthenaturalvaluesoftheseislands.

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5.1.13Use,developmentandoccupationintheCMA

Background

Thecoastisour‘commons’andthereisapresumptionthatpublicuseandaccessisfreelyavailabletothecoast.Useanddevelopmentneedstobemanagedtoensurethatanyexclusionofthepublicistemporaryandshortterm,unlessexclusionisrequiredforpublichealthandsafetyoroperationalpurposes,orwhererightstoexclusivelyoccupypartoftheCMAareprovidedfor.

ThegrantingofoccupationrightsapplytothosepartsoftheCMAthatformpartoftheCMCA,whichisdefinedintheMarineandCoastalArea(TakutaiMoana)Act2011(s.9(1))asthemarineandcoastalareaotherthanspecifiedfreeholdlandthatextendsbelowMHWSoranyareathatisownedbytheCrownandhasthestatusofaconservationarea,nationalpark,orreserve.

UseanddevelopmentintheCMCAcanenhanceoursocial,culturalandeconomicwell­being.Rightsofexclusiveuse,and/orrestrictingpublicaccess,maybenecessarytoenabletheoperationandsafeoperationofsomeactivities.Atthesametimetheneedtoexcludethepublichastobedemonstratedasnecessary,andwherepracticableanylossofpublicaccessandusemustbemitigated.

ThefiniteresourcesofthecoastanditspublicaccessandopenspacevaluesrequirethatuseandoccupationoftheCMCAshouldbebyactivitiesthathaveafunctionalneedtobelocatedbelowMHWS.

InsomepartsoftheCMCA,suchasthewaterfrontandatferryterminals,non­marineactivitiesonwharvesorstructures,includingcafesandrestaurants,addtotheatmosphereandamenityvalueofthearea.Intheseareasnon­marinerelatedactivitiesareappropriateastheycomplementtheintendeduseandfunctionofthearea,andthenecessaryland­basedinfrastructurecanbeprovided.

Outsideofareaswherenon­marinerelatedactivitiesareprovidedfor,useanddevelopmentintheCMCAthatdoesnothaveafunctionalneedtobelocatedbelowMHWSshouldbeavoided.Ifsuchuseanddevelopmentisproposeditneedstobeassessedthroughaprocessthatenablespublicinputandtakesintoaccounttheimpactsontheuseandvaluesofboththelandandsea.Theappropriateprovisionofland­basedinfrastructurealsoneedstobeassessed.

Thepreferredapproachforassessinguseanddevelopmentthataffectsbothlandandsea,includingnewmarinas,isthroughaplanchangeprocess.Aplanchangeenablesthecouncilandcommunitiestoparticipateinarobustandparticipatoryprocessandtoaddressalloftheeffects,bothlandwardandseaward,inanintegratedmanner.Italsoenablesthedevelopmentofasetofrulestopermitorcontrolvariouselementsofaproposeduse.

InsomecircumstancesthecouncilmayimposeachargeforoccupationoftheCMCA.TheRMArequiresthatthecouncileitherincludesastatementthatachargingregimewillnotapply,orincludesaregimeforcoastaloccupationintheUnitaryPlan,orinthefirstplanchangeafter1October2014.Thecouncilhaschosennottoincludeachargingregimeatthistime,butwillconsiderwhethertodosoaftertheUnitaryPlanismadeoperative.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.ThehighpublicvalueofthecoastasanopenspaceareawithfreepublicaccessisretainedwhileoccupationofpartsoftheCMCAbyuseanddevelopmentisprovidedfor.

2.OccupationrightsaregrantedinappropriatelocationsforuseanddevelopmentthathasafunctionalneedtobelocatedintheCMCA,andwherepublicaccessneedstoberestrictedorexcludedforoperationalorsafetyreasons.

3.Efficientuseismadeofcoastalresourcesbyconsolidatinguseanddevelopmentthathasafunctional

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needtobelocatedwithintheCMCAwithinappropriateareas,wherepracticable.

4.ActivitiesthatdonothaveafunctionalneedtobeundertakenintheCMAareprovidedforwithinzonesorprecinctswheretheyareconsistentwiththeuseandvalueofthearea,includingtheadjacentlandarea,anddonotcompromisenaturalcharacter,ecological,publicaccess,ManaWhenua,historicheritage,oramenityvalues.

5.ActivitiesthatdonothaveafunctionalneedtobeundertakenintheCMAdonotlimittheuseofareasformarineactivitiesorresultinadversecumulativeeffects.

6.UseanddevelopmentintheCMCAissupportedbyallnecessaryland­basedaccessandinfrastructure.

7.Short­termoccupationthatrestrictspublicaccessforalimitedperiodtoenablespecialeventsandactivitiestobeundertakenintheCMCAisallowed.

8.Lossofpublicaccessanduseasaresultofexclusiveoccupationisminimised,andmitigationisprovidedwherepracticable.

Policies

[rcp]

1.AvoidgrantingrightsofexclusiveoccupationinareaswithhighpublicuseandwhereitwillhaveasignificantadverseeffectonpublicaccessandrecreationaluseoftheCMCA.

2.EnableexclusiveoccupationwhereitwillenablethemostefficientuseofspacebyactivitiesthathaveafunctionalneedtobelocatedintheCMCA,includingactivitiesprovidedforinzones.

3.EnableoccupationoftheCMCAtoprovideforuseanddevelopmentthat:

a.hasafunctionalneedtobeintheCMCAandtorestrictpublicaccess,or

b.isnecessarytoprovidefortheculturalandtraditionalneedsofManaWhenua(asprovidedforunderMarineandCoastalArea(TakutaiMoana)Act2011)and

c.willnotcompromiseorlimittheoperationofexistingactivitiesthathaveoccupationrightswithintheCMCA.

4.AllowfortemporaryoccupationofCMCAbystructuresoractivitiesassociatedwitheventsortemporaryactivities,whileminimisingadverseeffectsonpublicaccessandsafety.

5.LimitthetimethatvesselscananchorinonepositionandoccupywaterspacewithintheGCMzone,otherthanisnecessaryfornavigationalsafety,accidentoremergencyreasons.

6.ProvideforuseandoccupationoftheCMCAbyactivitiesthatdonothaveafunctionalneedtobeundertakenbelowMHWSinzonesorprecinctswheretheproposeduse:

a.isconsistentwiththeobjectivesandpoliciesforthearea

b.willenhanceamenityvaluesandnotconflictwithmarineactivities

c.thenecessaryland­basedinfrastructurecanbeprovided.

7.AvoiduseandoccupationoftheCMCAbyactivitiesthatdonothaveafunctionalneedtobeundertakenbelowMHWS,includinghouseboats,wheretheyhavemayhaveadverseeffectson:

a.theexistinguse,characterandvalueofthearea

b.publicaccess,recreationaluseandamenityvalues

c.naturalcharacterandscenicvalues,frombothlandandsea

d.waterqualityandecologicalvalues

e.coastalprocessesincludingerosion

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f.otherlawfullyestablisheduseanddevelopmentintheCMAoronadjoiningland

g.theanticipatedfutureuseoftheareaformarineactivities

h.ManaWhenuaorhistoricheritagevalues.

8.RequireapublicconsultativeandintegratedassessmentacrosslandandtheCMA,includinganevaluationofalternatives,costsandbenefits,todetermineappropriateareasforhouseboats,andformajordevelopmentproposalsintheCMA,includingnewmarinasto:

a.enablepublicparticipationindeterminingthattheproposeduseanddevelopmentisappropriateforthearea

b.ensurethatbothlandandseaaspectsareassessedinanintegratedmanner

c.ensurethatallnecessaryland­basedinfrastructurecanbeprovided

d.concentrateactivitieswithinappropriateareas.

9.ConsideruseanddevelopmenttoprovideforanewMarinazonetobegenerallyappropriateinlocations:

a.wherethenaturalcharacterofthecoastalenvironmenthasalreadybeensubstantiallymodified

b.wherethereisanexistingwater­basedtransportorrecreationfunction,suchasexistingferryservices,andtheadditionofamarinaconsolidatesthisfunction

c.wherethereisexistingandadequateland­basedtransportationinfrastructuretoserviceanynewmarinadevelopment

d.thelandwardandseawardeffectsareappropriatetakingintoaccounttheeffectonotherusers,particularlyestablishedandexistinguses.

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10.

11.

12.

RequireanyproposeduseanddevelopmentforactivitiesintheCMCAtodemonstratethatanynecessaryland­basedaccessandinfrastructurecanbeappropriatelyprovidedfor.

Require,wherepracticable,thatthelossofpublicaccessandrecreationaluseasaresultofexclusiveoccupationrightsbemitigated.

Determinetheappropriatedurationforgrantingrightsofoccupationhavingregardtothe:

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a.extentofpublicuseandaccessoftheareaandtheimpactofrestrictions

b.levelofinvestmentinthedevelopmentandneedforsecurityoftenuretoensurethefinancialandeconomicviability

c.landuseandcoastaldevelopmentchangesproposedinthevicinitythroughanystatutorymanagementstrategiesorplansthattheanticipatedchangeinpublicuseandaccessinthearea

d.termofotherconsentsinthevicinity,andthestrategicbenefitofallconsentsinanareaexpiringsimultaneously.

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5.1.14Aquaculture

Background

Aquaculture,particularlythefarmingofgreen­lippedmusselsandPacificoysters,hasalonghistoryinAucklandasasustainablemarine­basedindustry.Bothaquacultureandtheadded­valueprocessingandtransportofitsproductcontributetoAuckland’seconomic,socialandculturalwell­being.ThecontinuedavailabilityoffreshlocallyproducedseafoodisanimportantassetforAucklander’swayoflife.

AquaculturehasafunctionalneedtobelocatedintheCMA,butfarmedareascanresultinconflictswithotherusesandvalues,particularlyinareaswithhighrecreationaluseornaturalcharactervalues.Forthesereasonsitisimportantthataquacultureisappropriatelylocatedandmanaged.

ManaWhenuahaveaprimaryrelationshipwithmanyoftheareaswhereaquaculturecouldbeoptimallylocated.TheculturalandtraditionaluseandrelationshipofManaWhenuawiththeirancestralwaterandsitesofspecialsignificancesuchaswāhitapuneedtoberespectedwhenconsideringthelocationofnewaquaculture.

AquacultureholdsgreatpotentialforManaWhenuaasabusinessopportunity,andasawaytoprovideformanaakitangathroughnon­commercialmarae­basedmarinefarming.Theequivalentof20percentofnewaquaculturespacewillbeprovidedforsettlementpurposespursuanttotheMāoriCommercialAquacultureClaimsSettlementAct2004torelevantiwirecognisedundertheMāoriFisheriesAct2004.

Aquaculturereliesonhigh­qualitywaterwhichcanbeaffectedbycontaminantsfromstormwaterorwastewaterdischarges,runofffromland,ordischargesfromboats.Inareaswhereaquacultureisalreadyestablishedthereisaneedtoprotectwaterqualityfromnewsourcesofcontaminantsandtobeawareofthereversesensitivityeffectsassociatedwithchangesincatchmentusethatwillaffectwaterquality.ThisislikelytobecomeanincreasingissuewiththegrowthofAucklandandthecoastalenvironmentbeingadesiredlocationfordevelopment.

Newtechniquesandspeciesforaquaculturearebeingdeveloped.Aprecautionaryapproachisrequiredfornewspeciesortechniqueswheretheeffectsontheenvironmentareunknownoruncertain.

Aquacultureactivitiescanspreadorintroduceharmfulaquaticorganismsthroughthemovementofstock,gearandequipment.Theseactivitiesneedtobemanagedtominimisethedegreeofrisk

Objectives

[rcp]

1.Thecultural,socialandeconomicbenefitsofaquaculturearerecognised,andaquacultureisdevelopedinappropriatelocationsthatavoid,orwhereappropriateminimise,conflictswithotherusesandvaluesoftheCMA.

2.Establishedaquacultureisnotcompromisedbyotherusesoractivitiesthatdegradewaterquality.

3.Aquacultureactivitiesaremanagedtominimisetheriskofintroducingorspreadingharmfulaquaticorganisms.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Applyaprecautionaryapproachwhenassessingapplicationsforaquacultureactivitiesthatproposeusingspecies,techniquesorlocationsnotpreviouslyusedforaquacultureandwheretheactualorpotentialeffectsarenotfullyunderstood.

2.Requirethestageddevelopmentofanaquacultureactivitywheretheactualorpotentialeffectsonthecoastalandmarineenvironmentarenotfullyunderstood,unlessitcanbedemonstratedthatstageddevelopmentisnotapracticableoption.

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3.Requirethatstructuresusedforaquaculture,ortheintroductionorrelocationofequipmentorstock,bemanagedtoavoidthereleaseorspreadofharmfulaquaticorganisms.

4.Requirethataquacultureactivitiesbelocatedanddesignedtoavoidadverseeffectson:.

a.SignificantEcologicalAreas–Marine1

b.OutstandingNaturalCharacterAreas

c.OutstandingNaturalfeatures

d.OutstandingNaturalLandscapes

e.ScheduledhistoricheritageplacesorscheduledsitesandplacesofsignificancetoManaWhenua.

5.Requirethataquacultureactivitiesbedesignedandlocatedtoavoidsignificantadverseeffects,andavoid,remedyormitigateotheradverseeffectson:

a.SignificantEcologicalAreas–Marine2

b.HighNaturalCharacterareas

c.Mooringzones

d.safenavigationroutesandanchorages

e.areaswithhighrecreationaluseoramenityvalue

f.publicaccess,particularlytohighlyusedareas.

6.Avoidreversesensitivityissueswithotheractivitiesinareasofexistingaquaculturebycontrolling:

a.sewagedischargesfromvesselslessthan500mfromamarinefarm

b.newsubdivision,useanddevelopmentonlandwhichmayaffectwaterqualityinadjacentareasusedforaquaculture

c.biosecurityeffectsfromin­watercleaningofvesselhulls,consistentwiththeANZECCAnti­foulingandin­watercleaningguidelines(2012).

7.Requireland­basedfacilitiesandinfrastructureassociatedwithnewaquacultureactivitiestobeprovidedforinanintegratedmanner.

8.Managetheallocationofspaceinareaswherethereishighandcompetingdemandforspace,orwheretheremaybetheopportunityforallocationofauthorisationsorconsentswithinfutureaquaculture zones,throughmechanismsdescribedinPart7AoftheResourceManagementAct,orbyweightedattributestenderingthattakesintoaccount:

a.economic,social,culturalandenvironmentalsustainability

b.thelocalemploymentopportunityandprofitretentionintheAucklandregionorothersocialgood

c.theopportunityforManaWhenuatobenefitbythelocationoftheactivitywithintheirrohemoana.

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9.

10.

Consideraquaculturetobemoreappropriatewhenlocatedinareaswhereitconsolidatesexistingaquacultureactivitiesoflike­speciesandlike­farmingmethods,andwherethiswillnotresultinadversecumulativeeffects.

AvoidthesignificantexpansionofaquacultureintheMahurangiHarbour.

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5.1.15Structures

Background

StructuresintheCMAarenecessarytoprovideforoursocial,economicandculturalwell­beingandcanenhanceuseandaccesstothecoast.AucklandisdominatedbycoastalharboursandinletsandthereforestructuresassociatedwithinfrastructureoftenneedtobelocatedintheCMA.

Thecoastisafiniteresourcewhichisunderpressureforuseanddevelopment.Toensureefficientuseismadeofcoastalspace,andbecausethecoastispubliccommons,structuresneedtohaveafunctionalneedforacoastallocationandtoprovideformultipleusewherepracticable,takingintoaccountthepurposeanduseofthestructure.

ThegrowthofAucklandandpeoplelivingnexttothecoastmeansthereisanon­goingdemandfornewstructuresintheCMA.Thesecanaffectnaturalcharacter,coastalprocesses,landscapeandpublicaccess,andresultinadverseeffectsfromaproliferationofstructures.

Structuresmustbedesignedtotakeintoaccountcoastalprocessesandhazards,includingtheexpectedeffectsfromclimatechangeandsealevelrise

Objectives

[rcp]

1.StructuresarelimitedtothosethathaveafunctionalneedtobelocatedintheCMA,otherthanstructuresassociatedwithinfrastructurethatcannotreasonablyorpracticablybelocatedoutsidetheCMA.

2.Structures,otherthanthoserestrictedbylocationorfunctionalrequirements,provideforpublicaccessandmultiple­usewherepracticable.

3.Structuresareappropriatelylocatedanddesignedtominimiseadverseeffectsontheecological,naturalcharacter,landscape,naturalfeatures,historicheritageandManaWhenuavaluesoftheCMA,andavoid,totheextentpracticable,theriskofbeingaffectedbycoastalhazards.

4.Structuresarestrategicallyprovidedinappropriatelocationstoenhancepublicaccessandamenityvalues,orenablecustomaryusesandculturalactivitiesbyManaWhenua.

Policies

[rcp]

Efficientuseofcoastalspace

1.Limitstructuresto:

a.thosethathaveafunctionalneedtobelocatedintheCMA,orthatareforinfrastructurethatcannotreasonablyorpracticablybelocatedoutsideoftheCMA

b.wheretheproposedpurposeorusecannotreasonablyorpracticablybeaccommodatedonexistingstructuresorfacilities

c.thosethatarenecessarytoprovideaccesstopropertywheretherearenopracticableland­basedaccessoptions,andthereisnoexistingstructureincloseproximitythatcouldprovidereasonableaccess

d.locationswherethepurposeandfrequencyofusewarrantstheproposedstructure,andanalternativethatwouldhavelessereffectsisnotapracticableoption.

2.AvoidadversecumulativeimpactsfromstructuresintheGCMzone,takingintoaccountthenumberandcumulativeeffectsofstructuresbothinthecontextoftheproposedlocationandthewidersurroundingarea.

3.Limittheimpactsfromstructuresassociatedwithinfrastructureby:

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a.requiringanassessmentofanypracticablealternativesites,routesordesigns,includingland­basedalternatives,todemonstratethatthechosenoptionisthemostappropriateandthattheadverseeffectswillbeavoidedtotheextentpracticable,andwillotherwiseberemediedormitigated

b.concentratinginfrastructurestructures,includingpipelines,cablesandtransmissionstructures,inlocationswheresimilar,orotherinfrastructure,alreadyexistswherereasonablypracticable

c.ensuringthatwherepracticablecablesandtransmissionstructuresarelocatedbeneaththeseabedtoavoidtheneedforanchoringorfishingrestrictions

d.encouragingstructuresforinfrastructuretobemultifunctionalwherereasonablypracticable.

4.Enablethemaintenance,repair,andupgradeofexistinglawfulstructurestocomplywithapplicablestandardsandcodes.

5.Enablethereconstructionorextensionofexistingstructuresinlocationswhereredevelopmentwill:

a.nothavesignificantadverseeffectsonotherusesandvalues

b.resultingreater,moreefficient,ormultipleuseofthestructureformarineactivities

c.reducetheneedforanewstructureelsewhere.

Ensuringstructuresareappropriatelylocatedanddesigned

6.Requirestructurestobelocatedtoavoidadverseeffectsonthevaluesof:

a.areasidentifiedashavingsignificantvalue

b.significantsurfbreaksidentifiedinAppendix6.3,includingtherecreation,amenityandeconomicvalues,andtakingintoaccountanyeffectsoncoastalprocesses,currents,waterlevels,seabedmorphologyandswellcorridorsthatcontributetosignificantsurfbreaks.

7.RequirestructuresintheGCMzonetobelocatedtominimise:

a.impactsonothercoastaluses,includingactivitiesprovidedforinzonesorresourceconsents

b.adverseeffectsonrecreationaluse,includingpopularanchorageareas

c.publicaccesstoandalongtheCMA

d.visualimpacts,particularlyinareassensitivetoeffectssuchasheadlandsortheouteredgesofenclosedbays,asseenfrombothlandandwater

e.thesizeofthestructure,includingbywharvesandjettiesprovidingforpartialratherthanall­tideaccess,unlessthisisnotapracticableoptiongiventhefunctionandfrequencyofuse

f.theriskofbeingaffectedbycoastalhazardsincludingsealevelrise

g.theneedfordredging,includingon­goingdredgingtomaintainwateraccess

h.adverseeffectsonscheduledsitesandplacesofsignificancetoManaWhenua.

8.Requirestructurestobedesignedto:

a.betheminimumsizenecessarytoprovidefortheproposeduse

b.bemulti­purposewherepracticableandwhereitwillnotconflictwithoperationalorsafetyrequirements

c.minimiseimpactsonnaturalcharacterandamenityvaluesandgenerallyfitwiththecharacterofanyexistingbuiltelements,includingintheuseofmaterialsandcolours

d.notincreaseratesofcoastalerosion

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e.takeintoaccountdynamiccoastalprocesses,includingtheexpectedeffectsofclimatechangeandsealevelrise.

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9.

10.

Haveregardtothevalueofretainingthenaturalcharacterofareaswherestructuresareabsent,takingintoaccountthearea’suniquenessandvaluebecauseoftheabsenceofstructures.

Requirethebuildingmaterialusedforstructurestobeappropriatelymarine­treated,orifrelocatedorrecycledbuildingmaterialisused,thatitistreatedtopreventthetransferenceorintroductionofharmfulaquaticorganisms.

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Structuresthatenhancepublicuseandaccessandenabletraditionalandculturaluse

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11.

Enablestructuresinappropriatelocationswherethestructureistoprovide,orenhance:

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a.publicaccess,useoramenityvalues,includingartworksintheCMA

b.accesstothecoastbyManaWhenuaforcustomaryusesandculturalactivities,andforaccesstothecoastfrompapakāinga,maraeorMāoriland.

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12.

Requirestructurestoprovideforpublicaccessandreasonableuse,exceptinexceptionalcircumstances,orwherepublicuseneedstoberestrictedorexcludedforoperational,orhealthandsafetyreasons.

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Foreshoreprotectionworks–hardprotectionstructures

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13.

AvoidaproliferationofhardprotectionstructuresintheCMAbyrequiring:

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a.hardprotectionstructurestobelocatedlandwardofMHWSwherepracticable,particularlyifthestructureisforthepurposeofprotectingprivateassets

b.evidencetodemonstratethattheadjoininglandwardarea,ordevelopmentintheCMA,isatriskfromacoastalhazard,andthedegreeofrisk

c.evidencetodemonstratethattheoptionsofnon­intervention,managedretreat,abandonmentorrelocationofanylandwarddevelopmentorstructuresarenotpracticable

d.evidencetodemonstratethattheproposedstructureisthemostappropriatemethodforremedyingormitigatingacoastalhazardhavingregardtotheentireareaaffectedorpotentiallyaffectedbythehazard,andtakingintoaccountalternativemethods,includingsoftengineeringworks.

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14.

Avoidhardprotectionstructuresthatarelikelytoresultin:

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a.underminingofthefoundationsatthebaseofthestructure

b.erosionbehindoraroundtheendsofthestructure

c.settlementorlossoffoundationmaterial

d.movementordislodgementofindividualstructuralcomponents

e.thefailureofthecoastalprotectionstructureshouldovertoppingbyseawateroccur

f.pipingorhydraulicpumpingoffinematerialorbackfill

g.offshoreorlong­shorelossofsedimentfromtheimmediatevicinity

h.anyincreaseinthecoastalhazardposedtothecoastlineelsewhere.

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15.

Requirethedesignandlocationofhardprotectionstructuresto:

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a.minimiseadverseeffectsonnaturalcharacterandamenityvalues

b.avoidrestrictingpublicaccesstooralongtheCMA

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c.takeintoaccountdynamiccoastalprocesses,includingtheeffectsofclimatechange,sealevelrise,assessedatleastovera100yeartimeframe,includingthepotentialforinundationorfortheCMAtoadvanceinland.

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16.

Encourageacomprehensiveandintegratedland­seamanagementapproachtobetakeninconsideringnewforeshoreprotectionworks,including:

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a.theerosioneffectsfromanyon­sitestormwaterdischarges

b.whetherthedischargemethodislawfulandthemostappropriateoption

c.theextentthatthehazardriskisbeingincreasedasaresultofthelocationandmethodofstormwaterdischargesordrainage.

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17.

Requireconsiderationtobegiventoanyrelevantmanagementstrategy,strategicplanorhazardriskassessmentrelatingtotheareawhereforeshoreprotectionworksareproposed.

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Ensuringintegratedmanagementbetweenlandandsea

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18.

RequireapplicationsforstructuresintheCMAto:

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a.demonstratethatanylandwardcomponent,development,oruseofland­basedinfrastructureorfacilitiescanbeappropriatelyprovidedfor

b.applyforallland­basedandcoastalresourceconsentsrequiredatthesametime.

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19.

AvoidstructuresintheCMAhavingsignificantadverseeffectsontheuseofadjoiningland,includingreversesensitivityeffectsonexistinguseordevelopment.

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Ensuringsafenavigation

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20.

21.

Enablestructuresrequiredtoensuresafenavigation,orforhealthandsafetypurposes.

EnsurethatstructuresintheCMAdonotposearisktonavigationortopublichealthandsafetyby:

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a.requiringstructurestobemaintainedtoanappropriatestandard

b.requiringstructurestobeappropriatelylocatedandlit

c.enablingtheremovalofstructures,wheretheyarenolongerfunctionalorrequired,orhavebeenabandoned.

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22.

Enabletheremovalofunlawful,abandoned,unsafeandredundantstructureswherethestructurehasbeenassessedas:

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a.notbeingascheduledhistoricheritageplace

b.apotentialrisktonavigationorpublichealthandsafety

c.restrictingpublicaccessanduseofthearea

d.havinganadverseaffectonthenaturalcharacterorvisualamenityofthearea

e.havinganadverseeffectoncoastalprocessesorecologicalvalues

f.havingpoorstructuralintegrity

g.likelytoresultinanchoringorfishingrestrictionsifitremainedintheCMA.

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5.1.16Localwatertransportfacilities

Background

Aucklandhasarangeofimportantsmaller­scalewater­basedwharfandlandingfacilitiesthatprovideforoursocial,economicandculturalwell­being.Theyhavenotbeenidentifiedasportsorferryterminals,andarenotonferryroutesthatformpartofpublictransportnetworkforAuckland.TheyincludewharvesatLeigh,MansionHouse/SchoolHouseBayonKawau,Rangitoto,Motutapu,TiritiriMātangi,Rotoroa,RākinoandMotuiheislands,andatSandspitandŌrakei.

Thesefacilitiesareimportantlocalstrategicassetsprovidingaccesstopublicopenspace,conservationestatelandandrecreationalfacilities,andtheyplayakeyroleinlocalfreightdelivery.

Objective

[rcp]

1.Structures,includingwharvesandlandingsareusedforlocalwatertransportoperationsaremanagedtosupporttheseactivities.

Policies

[rcp]

1.Allowtheuse,developmentandoccupationofstructuresforlocalwatertransportfacilitiesthatprovidefor:

a.passengertransport

b.publicaccesstoopenspaceandconservationestatelandsincludingtheHaurakiGulfislands

c.publicrecreationaluseoftheCMA

d.themovementoffreighttoservethesocialandeconomicneedsoflocalcommunities.

2.Restrictanyactivity,useordevelopmentinCMAandaboveMHWSthatadverselyaffectstheoperationoflocalwatertransportfacilities.

3.Requireadequateland­basedfacilitiesforcarparking,rubbishdisposal,andwastewaterpump­outtobeprovidedwhenexistingfacilitiesincreasetheircapacity.

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5.1.17Underwaternoisefromdredging,mineralexplorationandextraction

Background

NoisegeneratedfromactivitiesundertakenintheCMAcanhaveanadverseeffectonpeople'shealth,andonamenityvalues,bothwithinandadjacenttotheCMA.TheimpactofnoisefromactivitiesintheCMAonadjoininglandisprovidedforintheAuckland­wideprovisionsoftheplan.

Underwaternoisecanhaveanadverseeffectonarangeofmarineanimalsthatrelyonsoundtocommunicate,navigate,huntandmate.Chronicnoisecancausethresholdshiftsinsensitivitytosound,andhigherlevelsofsoundcanpermanentlydamageorevenkillsomespecies.

Underwaternoisehaslargelybeenoverlookedinthepastasapotentialsourceofadverseeffecttomarinefauna,aswellastopeopleworkingunderwater.Whilelimitsonunderwaternoisegeneratedbyshipsandvesselsneedstoberegulatedatanationallevel,significantnoisefromunderwaterconstructionactivities,suchasblastingorpiling,canbemanagedtoaddresseffectsonmarinefaunaandpeople.

TheDepartmentofConservation2012CodeofConductforMinimisingAcousticDisturbancetoMarineMammalsfromSeismicSurveyOperationsfocusesoncontrollingpeaklevelnoiseeffectsandtheUnitaryPlanaddressestheneedtocontrolnoiselevels.

Objective

[rcp]

1.Underwaternoisefromconstruction,dredging,mineralexplorationandextractionactivitiesismanagedtomaintainthehealthandwell­beingofmarinefauna,andthehealthandamenityvalueofusersofthecoastalenvironment.

Policies

[rcp]

1.RequireunderwateractivitiesintheCMAto:

a.complywiththeunderwaternoisecontrolsspecifiedintheUnitaryPlan

b.adoptthebestpracticableoptionwherenoisestandardsarenotspecified

c.managenoisefromunderwateractivitiessotheydonotexceedareasonablelevel.

2.Assessthefollowingmattersforactivitiesthatrequirearesourceconsent:

a.thehealthandwell­beingofmarinefaunaandpeoplefromthenoiseassociatedwiththeproposal

b.thepracticalityofbeingabletocontrolthenoiselevels

c.theextenttowhichanysocialandeconomicbenefitstothecommunityoffsettheimpactofnoiseassociatedwiththeproposal

d.theextenttowhichtheeffectsofthenoisewillbemitigated.

3.RequireactivitiesintheCMAtobeundertakeninamannerthatavoidsormitigatestheadverseeffectsofnoiseasfaraspracticable.

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5.2Marina zone

Zonedescription

Marinasprovideanefficientuseofcoastalspacetomoorvessels,foreasyandsafeboataccessandlaunching,andenhancedamenityforboatusersthroughassociatedfacilities,eventsandservices.TheyareanimportantrecreationalandtourismassetforAucklandandareoftenusedforferrytransportservices.

TheMarinazoneprovidesforthedevelopmentandoperationofvariousestablishedmarinas.Marinasusuallyinvolvebothlandandwatercomponents.ThezonecoversbothlandandCMAtopromoteintegratedmanagementofactivitiesandeffectsthatcrossMHWS.Additionaldevelopmentcontrolsforsomemarinasaresetoutinaprecinctplan.Wherethereisanyconflict,theprovisionsoftheprecinctplanwilloverridetheprovisionswithinthezone.

TheMarinazoneappliestothefollowingmarinas:

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Sandspit,Warkworth

Mahurangi,WilsonRoad,WarkworthGulfHarbour,Whangaparaoa

MilfordBayswater

Westpark,WestHarbour

Westhaven(WesthaveniszonedasaprecinctintheCityCentrezone.TherulesofthischapterapplytoWesthavenwhereanactivityisnotcoveredbytheprovisionsforthatprecinct.)

OutdoorBoatingClub,HobsonBayOrakei

BucklandsBeach/HalfMoonBayPineHarbour,BeachlandsHobsonvillePoint.

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Objectives

[rcp/dp]

1.MarinaactivitiesarelocatedwithinaMarinazone,whichencompassestheCMAandanyadjoininglandusedformarina­relatedactivity.

2.Marinafacilitiesareused,developed,maintained,refurbished,reconstructed,andberthagemaximisedwhileavoiding,remedyingormitigatingadverseeffectsonthecoastalenvironment.

3.Themanagementandassessmentofmarinadevelopmentandredevelopmentisintegrated.

4.ActivitiesthathaveafunctionalrequirementforacoastallocationareprioritisedinMarinazones.

5.Accesstothewaterfrontforberthholdersandthepublicispreservedorenhanced.

Policies

[rcp/dp]

1.Provideforuse,development,repair,maintenance,refurbishment,andreconstructioninexistingmarinasthatavoids,remediesormitigatesadverseeffectsonthecoastalenvironment,includingadjacentlandzonedforresidentialoropenspacepurposes.

2.Encourageandprovideformarine­relatedandothercompatiblebusinessactivities,whileprotectingthe

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amenitiesofadjacentresidentialandopenspacezonedland.

3.ProvideforexistingferryterminalfacilitiesandoperationsatHalfMoonBay,Bayswater,PineHarbour,GulfHarbourandWestHarbourmarinas.

4.Requireadequateandconvenientfacilitiesinmarinasforthecontainment,collectionandappropriatedisposalof:

a.rubbishfromvessels

b.sewagefromvessels

c.recyclablematerialincludingwasteoils

d.residuesfromvesselconstructionandmaintenance

e.spillsfromrefuellingoperationsandrefuellingequipment

f.thedischargeofstormwatergeneratedfromthemarinacomplex,includingaboveMHWS.

5.EncourageadditionalberthagetobecreatedwithinaMarinazonewherethisispracticableandwillavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffectsontheenvironmentincluding:

a.thenaturalcharacterofthecoastalenvironment

b.landscapeandvisualamenityvalues

c.coastalprocesses

d.waterquality

e.biosecurity

f.historicheritageandManaWhenuavalues

g.land­basedfacilitiesincludingparking,accessandtheadjoiningroadnetwork

h.theprovisionofpublicaccess.

6.Minimise,asfaraspracticable,anyreclamationrequiredforcreatingmarinafacilities.

7.Minimise,asfaraspracticable,thesizeofanywaveattenuationdevicesassociatedwithamarinadevelopment.

8.Requireanymarinadevelopmenttobeofascale,designandmaterialsandlocatedsothatitremediesormitigatesadverseeffectsonthecoastalenvironment,particularlythefollowing:

a.thenaturalcharacterofthecoastalenvironment

b.effectsontherecreational,visualandamenityvaluesinthelocality,includinglightingeffects

c.publicaccessto,alongandwithintheCMA

d.effectsonthelandscapeelementsandfeatures

e.effectsonhistoricheritageorManaWhenuavalues

f.noiseeffectsincludingconstructionnoiseandongoingoperationalnoise,suchashalyardslap

g.effectsoncoastalprocessesincludingwavesheltering,downstreameffects,sedimentmovement,erosionanddepositing,littoraldrift,andlocalisedeffectsonwatercurrents

h.effectsonsignificantsurf­breaks

i.theneedforcapitalworksandmaintenancedredgingwithinthemarinaandanyapproach/entrancechannel,optionsfordisposal,measurestoaddressanycontaminantsindredgedmaterial,andeffectsofdredgingonwaterquality

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j.effectsonotherusersoftheCMAincludingexistingmooringsandpublicboatramps

k.effectsonnavigationandsafetyandtheneedforanyaidstonavigation

l.theprovisionofshore­basedfacilitiesincludingcarandtrailerparking,boatstorageandmaintenanceareas,administrationbuildings,publictoilets,boatracks,lockers,publicaccessandesplanadereserves,landscapingandurbandesigntreatment

m.theeffectsofadditionaltrafficgenerationontheadjacentroadnetworkandanymeasurestomitigatetheseeffects

n.considerationofanyrelevantcouncilstructureplans,conceptplans,strategies,reservemanagementplans,designationsoradditionallimitationsthatapplytotheadjoiningland.

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9.

10.

11.

12.

Provideforpublicaccesstoberestrictedwhereitisnecessaryforpublichealth,safetyoroperationalreasons.

Requiremitigationforanylossofpublicaccessto,alongandwithintheCMA,includingprovidingfacilitiessuchaspublicboatramps,andalternativeaccessforotheruserssuchaswindsurfers,kayakersandkiteboarders.

Requireaprecinctplantobepreparedwheresubstantialredevelopment,orchangeofuseisproposedwithinaMarinazone.

Allowactivitiesthatdonothaveafunctionalneedforacoastallocation,suchasresidentialandgeneralretail,toformpartofaprecinctplanonlywhereitcanbedemonstratedthat:

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a.theproposedactivitieswillnotconflictwith,orlimit,theoperationofmarinaactivities,ferrytransportorothermarine­relatedactivitiesthatareundertakenintheMarinazone

b.noreclamationisrequiredtoenablethedevelopment

c.adequateprovisionismadeforactivitieswithafunctionalrequirementforacoastallocation

d.theforeseeablefuturedemandforspaceforactivitieswithafunctionalrequirementforacoastallocationcanbeprovidedforwithoutrequiringfurtherreclamationasaresultofotheractivitiesbeinglocatedwithinthezone

e.publicaccessanduseoftheCMAwillbeenhanced

f.thedevelopmentisintegratedwithpublictransport

g.thedevelopmentisdesignedtocomplementtheuniquecoastallocation.

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5.3Mooringzone

Zonedescription

Aucklandhasalargenumberofrecreationalvessels,andthenumberislikelytoincreaseasAuckland'spopulationgrows.RecreationalboatingisapopularactivityinAuckland,particularlyintheHaurakiGulf,andthemooringofvesselsneedstobeprovidedforinappropriatelocations.

ManyrecreationalvesselsarepermanentlystoredintheCMA,eitherinmarinasoronmoorings.WhilemooringsenablerecreationaluseoftheCMA,individualmooringsandgroupsofmooredvesselscanhaveadverseeffectsontheenvironment,particularlyonnaturalcharacter,landscape,visualandamenityvalues.Leachingfromboathullscanhaveadverseeffectsonwaterqualityandecologicalvalues.

MooringscanaffectotherrecreationaluseoftheCMA,includinglimitingthewaterspaceavailableforvesselstoanchoratpopularboatingdestinations.Mooringscanalsolimittheareaswherevesselscananchortoshelterfrombadweather.

ToconsolidatemooringsinappropriateareasanumberofMooringzoneshavebeenidentifiedaroundAuckland’scoast.MostMooringzonesarewithintheHaurakiGulf,reflectingthehighrecreationalboatuseoftheGulf.EnablingthemooringofvesselswithinaMooringzoneensurestheefficientuseofthecoastby:

•concentratingmooringsinsuitableareasandavoidingaproliferationofmooringsaroundthecoast

•reducingconflictwithotherusersofcoastalspace

•reducingpressureonareaswithhighnaturalvalues

•enablingthestrategicplanningandprovisionofland­basedfacilitiessuchasdinghyracks,parkingandboatramps.

Note:Theday­to­daymanagementofmooringswithinaMooringzoneismanagedbytheHarbourmaster'sofficewithreferencetotheNavigationSafetybylaw.

Objectives

[rcp]

1.VesselsaremooredinappropriatelocationsintheCMAtoavoid,asfaraspracticable,adverseeffectsonnaturalcharacter,landscape,navigationalsafety,commonlyusedsafeanchorageareas,recreationalactivitiesandamenityvalues.

2.TheuseofmooringspacewithinaMooringzoneismaximised.

3.TheuseofaMooringzoneisenhancedbytheprovisionofland­basedfacilitiesinappropriatelocations.

Policies

[rcp]

1.AvoidmooringsorMooringzonesbeinglocated:

a.withinSignificantEcologicalArea­Marine1area

b.wheretheywouldhaveanadverseeffectonanyOutstandingNaturalFeature

c.withinanOutstandingNaturalCharacterorHighNaturalCharacterarea

d.wheretheywouldhaveanadverseeffectonhistoricheritagevalues.

2.AvoidmooringsorMooringzonesinareas:

a.wheretheywillrestrictopportunitiesforsafeanchorageinstrategiclocations

b.thatarecommonlyrelieduponforsafeanchorageduringadverseweatherconditions

c.thatarepopularcruisingdestinationsusedbythegeneralpublic.

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3.DeterminetheappropriatenessofmooringsoutsideaMooringzonebyalsotakingintoaccountwhether:

a.thereisaMooringzonewithavailablespaceinproximitytotheproposedmooringlocation

b.thereisafunctionalneedforamooringoutsideofaMooringzone,andtheabilitytoaccessthepropertyfromland

c.itcanbedemonstratedthatshort­termanchorage,asopposedtoapermanentmooring,isnotapracticableoption

d.theproposedmethodofmooringisthemostappropriate,takingintoaccounttheparticularlocation,theextentofwaterspacethatwillbeoccupiedandthelevelofimpactonotherusers

e.thenavigationandsafetyofothervessels,orotherlawfuluseoftheCMA,willbeadverselyaffected

f.land­basedvesselstorageisapracticableoption

g.itwilllimitpublicaccesstoandalongtheCMA.

4.Requireproposalsformoorings,oranewMooringzone,todemonstratethatthelocationissuitableintermsofwave,tide,andwindconditions,particularlyduringstorms.

5.Encouragetheprovisionofland­basedfacilitiesinappropriatelocationsthatsupporttheuseofaMooringzone,suchasboatramps,dinghystorage,toiletsandwastewaterpump­outstations.

6.DiscouragetheuseofavesselasadwellingwithinaMooringzone.

7.RequireexistingmooringsoutsideofaMooringzonetoeitherobtainaresourceconsentforthemooring,orforthemooringtoberemoved.

8.Encouragethesharedusageofmoorings.

9.ManageaMooringzoneto:

a.concentratemoorings

b.consolidatemooringsbyprogressivelyreplacingswingmooringswithbowandsternmooringswherethisispracticable

c.maximisetheopportunitiesfortheuseofwaterspacebyotherrecreationalactivities

d.makeprovisionforsafeanchorage.

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10.

AvoidstructuresthatwilllimittheabilitytomoorvesselsinaMooringzone.

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5.4MinorPortzone

Zonedescription

Aucklandhasarangeofwatertransportfacilitiesinadditiontothecitycentreportthatareimportantforbusinessandindustry.MaintainingsuchsitesaspartofanefficientnationalnetworkofsafeportsisrecognisedintheNewZealandCoastalPolicyStatement(policy9).

ThepurposeoftheMinorPortzoneistoprovidefortheintegratedandefficientoperationanddevelopmentofparticularminorportsintheAucklandregion.ThezoneincludesthePortofOnehunga,theGabadorPlacewharves,theLPGTerminalinthePapakuraChannel,andtheChelseaSugarFactoryWharf.

Thesefacilitiesareimportantinservingandsupportinglocal,regionalandnationalbusinessopportunities,andprovidingforthesocialandeconomicwell­beingofAuckland.ThepurposeoftheMinorPortzoneistoprovideforthesefacilitiesandassociatedmarineandportactivitiesastheyrelyonproximitytotheharbourforoperationalpurposes.

TheMinorPortzoneprovidesfortheintegratedandefficientoperationanddevelopmentofthePortofOnehungaandGabadorPlacebyincorporatingboththelandandCMAofthesetwofacilities.

ThePortofOnehunga,ontheManukauHarbour,ismanagedbyPortsofAucklandLimitedandisidentifiedintheAucklandPlanaspartofourcriticalinfrastructure.Itprovidesforgeneralportoperations,includingformulti­cargocoastalshipping,containerandfishingvessels,andportservicessuchastowage,pilotage,cargostorage,logisticsandsecurity.

GabadorPlaceontheTāmakiRiverisusedforhandlingandtransferringbulkliquids,includinghazardoussubstances,andthemovementofsandandshingle.CommercialvesselsregularlyusetheTāmakiRivertotransportchemicalsbybargetothewharveslocatedattheGabadorPlacefacility.Thisareaalsohasawharf,marinaandtravelliftassociatedwithboatbuildingoperations.

TheLPGterminalinthePapakuraChannelisusedforoff­loadingLPGfromseatankersthrougha5km­longsubmarinepipelinetotheshore.Itislocatedoff­shoreandawayfromotherdevelopment.Anyfurtherdevelopmentofthisareaisconsideredinappropriateduethepotentialadverseeffectsonthehighnaturalcharactervaluesofthenearbysignificantecologicalarea.

TheChelseaSugarRefineryhasadeepwaterwharfsupportingitsrefineryoperations.

ThezoneappliestothewharfareaattheChelseaSugarRefineryandtheLPGterminalinthePapakuraChannelwithintheCMAonly.Thelandwardcomponentofthesewatertransportfacilitiesarezonedfortheirbusinessuse.

Objectives

[rcp/dp]

1.Efficientandsafeoperationiscontinuedforthefollowingwatertransportfacilitiesforfreightandbusiness:

a.PortofOnehunga

b.GabadorPlace,TāmakiRiver

c.LPGTerminal,PapakuraChannel

d.ChelseaSugarRefinerywharf

inamannerwhich:

e.minimisestheexposureofpeopleandthenaturalenvironmenttorisksarisingfromhazardousactivitiesandhazardoussubstances

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f.avoids,remediesormitigatessignificantadversefreightandbusinesseffectsfromthesefacilitiesonthesurroundingenvironment

2.Existingwatertransportfacilitiesforfreightandbusinessareprotectedfrominappropriatesubdivision,useanddevelopmentthatmaycompromisetheirabilitytooperatesafelyandefficiently,oradverselyaffecttheirconnectionswithothertransportmodes.

3.Publicaccess,useandenjoymentoftheCMAismaintainedand,wherepracticable,enhancedprovidedthisdoesnothaveasignificantadverseeffectonthecontinuedoperationofthesefacilitiesforfreightandbusiness.

4.StructuresandthewaterspaceoftheCMAinandadjacenttowatertransportfacilitiesforfreightandbusinessareusedefficiently.

5.PotentialadverseeffectsofMinorPortzoneactivitiesonneighbouringareasareavoided,remediedormitigated.

6.ActivitiesthatdonotrequireproximitytotheharbourandmarineandportfacilitiesaredirectedtootherareasofAuckland.

Policies

[rcp/dp]

1.Avoidsubdivision,use,ordevelopmentwhichadverselyaffectsthesafeandefficientoperationofwatertransportfacilitiesforfreightandbusinesslocatedwithintheMinorPortzoneortheirconnectionswithothertransportmodes.

2.Restrictpublicaccesstothecoastalenvironmentwherenecessaryforhealth,safetyorsecurity,particularlytoareaswherehazardoussubstancesarebeingtransferred,off­loaded,orstoredwithinthezone.

3.Enabletheintensification,developmentandmaintenanceofbuildings,structuresandworksformarineandportactivities,subjecttoavoiding,remedyingormitigatingpotentialadverseeffectsonthecoastalenvironmentandland.

4.Requireactivitieswithinthezonetoavoid,remedyormitigateadverseeffectsonthelandandcoastalenvironment,particularlynoise,lightingandamenityeffectsandeffectsoncoastalprocesses,waterquality,biosecurity,historicheritageandthesurroundingroadnetwork.

5.Designandlocatebuildingsandothersignificantstructurestoavoid,remedyormitigatesignificantadverseeffectsonviewsfromandtotheadjoininglandandwater,andtocontributepositivelytothevisualqualityofthearea.

6.AssessthevisualeffectofbuildingsandothersignificantstructuresintheMinorPortzonetodetermineiftheygiveregardtomaintainingorenhancing:

a.thevisualenvironmentofthezone

b.thelandscapeandamenitylinksbetweentheharbour,theportandadjacentareas.

7.Requireportoperatorstotakeallpracticablestepstoavoidcontaminationofcoastalwaters,substrate,ecosystemsandhabitatsthatismorethanminor.

8.Requiretheprovisionofadequateandconvenientfacilitiesforthecontainment,collectionandappropriatedisposalof:

a.rubbishfromvessels

b.sewageandbilgewaterfromvessels

c.recyclablematerialincludingwasteoils

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d.residuesfromvesselconstructionandmaintenance

e.spillsfromrefuellingoperationsandrefuellingequipment

f.spills,residuesanddebrisfromcargooperations

g.thedischargeofstormwatergeneratedfromtheportcomplex,includingaboveMHWS.

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9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

RequirestructuresintheCMAusedforhandlinghazardoussubstancestobemaintainedatalltimestoastandardthatminimisespotentialriskstopeopleandtheenvironment.

Requiretheoff­loadingortransferofhazardoussubstancesonstructuresintheCMAtobedoneatalltimesinamannerthatminimisespotentialriskstopeopleandtheenvironment.

RestrictanyfurtherdevelopmentorexpansionoftheLPGTerminalinthePapakuraChannelbeyondtheMinorPortzone.

Avoidofficeandresidentialland­useactivities,exceptwheretheyareancillarytomarineandportactivities.

Avoidretaillanduseactivities,exceptforconvenience­typeretailservicingthelocalworkerpopulation.

Enableuseanddevelopmentthatisnotrelatedtomarineandportactivitiesonlywhere:

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a.theareaproposedtobeusedordevelopedisnolongerentirelyneeded,andisnotlikelytobeneededintheforeseeablefuture,formarineandportactivities

b.theuseanddevelopment:

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i.

ii.

hasafunctionalneedtolocateinoradjacenttotheCMA,or

isaccessorytoastructureoractivitywhichhasafunctionalneedtolocateinoradjacenttotheCMA

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c.theuseordevelopmentwillnotadverselyaffecttheprimaryfunctionofanyestablishedstructure,ortheuseoftheareaformarineandportactivities

d.theuseordevelopmentwill,whereappropriate,significantlyenhanceamenityvaluesandpublicuseandenjoymentoftheCMA

e.theuseordevelopmentwill,whereappropriate,retainandreflectcharacterfeatures,structuresandelementsthatdemonstratethehistoricheritageandhistoryoftheworkingwaterfront

f.theuseordevelopmentwillnotresultineitherincreasedpressurefortheexpansionoftheexistingportoutsidetheportmanagementareas,ortheestablishmentofacompletelynewportoutsidethoseareas

g.theuseordevelopmentcannotbeaccommodatedwithinoronanyexistingstructuresintheCMA

h.anylandwarddevelopmentassociatedwiththeuseordevelopmentcanbeaccommodated

i.adverseeffectsontheenvironmentcanbeavoided,remedied,ormitigated.

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15.

16.

Requireproposalsforfurtherreclamationtodemonstratethatthereisnopracticalalternative,thatreclamationisthemostappropriateformofdevelopment,andthatthepotentialadverseeffectscanbeavoided,remediedormitigated.

Requirethattheredevelopmentofexistingnavigationchannels,wharves,piersandberths,andthedevelopmentofnewfacilitieswithinthezoneisdesignedandlocatedtoavoidasfaraspracticabletheneedforbothcapitalworksandmaintenancedredging,providedthisdoesnotresultinadditionaladverseenvironmentaleffects.

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5.5FerryTerminal zone

Zonedescription

ThepurposeoftheFerryTerminalzoneistoprovidefortheintegratedandefficientoperationanddevelopmentofferryterminalfacilities.ThesesitesplayanimportantpartinAuckland’spublictransportnetwork.PassengerferriesandtheirsupportingferryterminalnetworkareimportantforthegrowthofAuckland’sintegratedpublictransportsystem.AlongsidethisistheneedtorestrictinappropriateuseanddevelopmentofotheractivitiesonlandandintheCMAthatcouldcompromisetheuseofthesefacilitiesaskeypassengertransportnodes.

ThezoneappliestoterminalsatDevonport(includesDevonportandVictoriawharves),StanleyBay,Northcote,Birkenhead,BeachHaven,Hobsonville,Mātiatia(WaihekeIsland),KennedyPoint(WaihekeIsland),andWhangaparapara,TryphenaandPortFitzroy(GreatBarrierIsland).

Severalferryterminalfacilitiesarecomponentsoflargercoastaldevelopments.Theiroperationandgrowth,andrelationshipwithsurroundingactivities,mustbeconsideredinanintegratedandcomprehensivemanner.TheferryterminalsatDevonportandMātiatiaarelargecomplexesofferry­relatedandcomplementaryactivities.TheexistingfacilitiesatGulfHarbour,Bayswater,WestHarbour,HalfMoonBayandPineHarbourarewithinmarinas.TheseferryterminalfacilitieswithinmarinasformanimportantpartoftheferrynetworkbutaremanagedwithintheMarinazone.

Standaloneferryterminalfacilitiesthatformpartofthepublicferrytransportnetworkandareparticularlyimportantforlocalcommunities,includingthesmallerfacilitiesontheWaitemataHarbour,andatWaihekeIslandandGreatBarrierIsland.

Thecitycentrefacilitiesattheferryterminal,QueensWharfandatWynyardWharfarevitalcomponentsoftheferrynetwork.TheyaremanagedthroughthewaterfrontprecinctsoftheCityCentrezonetorecognisetheirstrongrelationshipwiththecitycentre.

DevonportandVictoriawharves

DevonportWharfisakeypublictransportlinkbetweenthecitycentreandtheNorthShoreandisanimportantgatewaytoDevonport.Itneedstoberecognisedasakeyregionaltransportfacilitysothatitdeliversadequateandconvenientpublicaccesstotheterminalandferries.

VictoriaWharfallowsaccesstosupportDevonportWharf’sroleandisalsoanimportantlocalopenspacefacilityheavilyusedbythepublicforpromenadingandfishing,andbycompatiblemarineandportactivities.

BothwharvesareakeypartofDevonport’surbanformandthecontinuedoperationanddevelopmentofthisferryterminalfacilitymustintegratewith,andmaintain,thevisualandamenityvaluesoftheadjoininglandwardarea.