Prepared by:
The MPA Technical Working Group
The MPA Management Committee
Completed with the support of:
Executive Summary
Messages
Endorsement Page
Table of Contents
1.0Introduction
1.1 Rationale of the Plan
The Philippines ranked first in terms of number of MPAs in the world. About 25% of the worlds MPAs are found in the Philippines. However, 15% of these MPAs are doomed to fail in an annual basis due to poor governance and weak enforcement (Aliňo 1998). In fact, during the Rare-initiated workshop in Cebu, on February 2010, these 2 issues surfaced as the most
pressing compared to pollution, sedimentation, land-use issues, and climate change.
Governance refers to the clarity of processes in selecting leaders and enforcement [a subset of governance] refers to the capacity and availability of logistics to perform such roles that covers deterrence, apprehension, case filing and decision. The poor selection of leaders and weak capacity to enforce MPA boundaries and policies will result in the lack of community buy-in to support leaders and projects, unregulated unsustainable fishing activities inside MPAs, and unpopular MPA boundaries and the lack of ownership. Consequently, MPA benefits are not maximized and the community will lose pride over the local MPA.
A Pride Campaign [conducted between 2010-2012] in the Municipality of San Francisco is geared towards changing the behaviour of local fishers and community in order to stop intrusions into the MPA and gain greater community buy-in for improved MPA governance and enforcement. Hence, current plan seeks to strengthen the structures and processes supporting the MPA management and enforcement so that the fishers and community are able to embrace these behaviour changes and take ownership of the MPA and the benefits that it can provide.This plan aims to link the support of the community, LGU and Barangay Officials into an effective management structure which will enable the goals of the MPA to be met. A heavy focus is put on enforcement, training and infrastructural development because an MPA can only be effective if the rules are strictly adhered to.
1.2 Scope of the Plan
This management plan covers the period of three years, 2013 to 2015. The plan covers management program in making MPAs functional as a strategy to adapt climate change, rehabilitate habitats and restocking of the nearby fishing grounds. The management programs included are MPA Governance, MPA Management – Enforcement, Monitoring and Evaluation, Climate Change Adaptation, and Sustainable Financing.
Objectives of the plan includes:
- To sustain and improve the enforcement system of the MPA [i.e. upgraded guardhouse, enforcement, protocols/plans, intelligence network and communication, logbook system]
- To sustain and improve governance for Punta Marine Sanctuary [i.e. regular meeting, increase membership, documentation, management planning, evaluation, monitoring team]
- Improve MPA effectiveness rating by at least level 3 by 2015
1.3 Legislative Authority of the Action
The formulation of this MPA Management Plan is governed by the provisions of Municipal Ordinance No. 128 series of 2009, the ordinance declaring the Punta Fish Sanctuary. Specific provisions on the rationale, regulations and enforcement strategies are provided in ordinance attached as Annex ___ of this management plan.
2.0Marine Protected Area Profile
2.1 Location and Biodiversity Significance
San Francisco is one of the municipalities in Panaon Island, in Southern Leyte Province, Region 8, with geographical coordinates 10° 3' 36" North, 125° 9' 38" East. It is bounded by the Municipality of Libagon in the north, Municipality of San Ricardo in the South, Sogod Bay in the west and Municipality of Liloan in the east.
The waters of San Francisco are a playground of whalesharks, pilot whales, and dolphins especiallybetween the months of November-May.
2.2 Physical Profile
The Punta MPA is located in the coastal waters near the old village site of Barangay Punta, San Francisco, Southern Leyte, about 1.5 kilometers south of the Poblacion of San Francisco. A five hectare no take zone surrounded by a 5 hectare buffer zone, both zones are off limits to fishermen. The biodiversity of the area has a good coral cover and sandy area. Shore line is pebbles to rocky. At least 10 families of target species of fish and corals found on the site quick assessment dive conducted by Coral Cay Conservation. Which was the basis for the establishment of the MPA and attached to the municipal ordinance.
Punta MPA was surveyed in April 2011 by volunteers from Coral Cay Conservation. The survey employed point intercept transects for benthic cover, fish visual census, survey of invertebrate numbers and assessment of human impacts.Vegetation types are coconut, banana, cassava, sweet potatoes are being farmed in the area.No introduced species in the area so far.
2.3 Biological Profile (Status of Ecosystems and Fisheries )
Punta MPA is located in the municipality of San Francisco in Southern Leyte. Part of the reef is covered by sand and silt due to a recent landslide. The water is slightly turbid especially when silt is disturbed.
Benthic Community
Generally, the reef is still in good condition (Figure 3. 30), with hard coral cover reaching more 50% and even up to 70% in sites outside the MPA. Abundant in particular are tabular and branching Acropora, Poritesand Echinopora. Outside the MPA are walls of foliose Montiporathat are easily visible from the surface. Some branching Acropora, foliose Turbinariaand Pavonaamong others were seen protruding through the sediments and are still thriving. Mushroom corals were also found in aggregations on the substrate. Coral bommies hold high coral cover and diversity, abundant particularly in tabular and branching Acropora, Porites, Echinoporaetc.
Fish community
Punta MPA has one of the most diverse and most abundant reef fish community among all the sites. A total of 145 species belonging to 33 species were observed. These are mainly composed of small pomacentrids (Chromisretrofascaita, Pomacentrus brachialis, Chromisternatensis, Pomacentrusmoluccensis, Pomacentrusalexanderae, and Pomacentrusamboinensis) which form dense schools above coral heads and bommies. The densities of damselfishes are also complemented by the large numbers of fairy basslets (Pseudanthiashuchtiand Pseudanthiastuka). The vast quantity of these individuals has translated to a high level of biomass inside the MPA.
Abundance is also high outside the MPA but the biomass is low. There are a few target species as well coral indicator species (corallivores) observed here. The dominant groups are similar to those observed inside the MPA (Chromis spp. and Pomcentrus spp.). In general, the density of site attached species is restricted to coral heads and bommies since the bottom substrate of the reef is muddy-silty.
Fisheries
A total of 137 municipal fishers from barangays Napantao (n=22), Punta (n=300, Sta. Paz Norte (n=29), Sta. Paz Sur (n=26) and Ubos (n=30) in San Francisco were interviewed. Summary of the fisheries and the respondents’ demographic characteristics based on one-on-one interview survey are presented in Part 3.2. Fisheries Surveys of the results.
San Francisco has a mix of pelagic (53%) and demersal (47%) fisheries with squids and parrotfishes as the major species caught, respectively. Catch rates of 2.0±3.3 kg/person/fisher in the area are among the lowest in all the studied towns. These conditions reflect a depleted fishery. In addition, the town has the largest proportion of fishers with motorized boats compared to all the studied towns considering its relatively more sheltered fishing grounds being located in Sogod bay. For small-scale fisheries where efficiency is very important, use of expensive technology such as motorized boat in a sheltered fishing grounds like the Sogod bay indicates that nearby fishing grounds are already severely depleted and fishers had to move to farther fishing grounds in order to have good catches. The depleted fishery could also be the reason why 80% of the fishers are engaged alternative livelihoods despite the few opportunities in other sectors in a 5th class town like San Francisco. Livelihood diversification is among the adaptive strategies of fishers to cope with the declining catches. Farming, carpentry, copra and construction constitute the major supplemental non-fishing livelihoods of the fishers. None of them though is involved in tourism-related occupations. This opportunity is worth pursuing in order to further reduce fishing pressure and increase marine stewardship.
2.4 Socio - Cultural and Demographic Profile
Most villagers are romancatholics and a minority belonged to protestant church. “Hongos” – helping with each other farm paid in any kind. “Dajong” – If a villager dies everybody helps in the funeral preparation including, money contributions, washing the dishes for the family, digging for the grave to gathering firewoods for the coffee being served for the wake and, carrying of the casket are still being practiced. On the plan B, Making the site as a Memorial site.
2.5 Economic Profile (Existing Uses)
The main income earners in Punta are fishing, farming and contractual employment [carpentry]. During off fishing season the community will till their land to farm rice. Copra [dried coconut meat] is priced at PhP20.00/kilo, labor is paid PhP300.00/day, fish is PhP60.00-100.00/kilo.
2.6 Climate Change Vulnerabilities
According to David et.al, there are ten types of climatic conditions happening in the Philippines that is attributed to climate change. Based on the figure, the municipality of San Francisco belongs to Cluster 8, where perennial increase in the sea surface temperature is expected to be experience. Other factors such as increase in precipitation and seas surface heights (SSH) are medium to high (4) also.
With the initial information, there is a need to conduct vulnerability assessment for the coastal barangays of the municipality that has marine protected areas. Results of the VA will determine how much effort should be implemented towards MPA protected in order for it to contribute to the vulnerabilities of the barangay where it straddles. Criterion based on the observed and/or measured threshold levels.
Three vulnerability sectors will be assessed – reef ecosystem, fisheries and socio economic. Integrating the three components will give the overall vulnerability of the whole barangay subjected to the assessment.
2.7 The MPA Ordinance
Ordinance No. 128, series 2009-an ordinance establishing and regulating the utilization of the Punta Fish Sanctuary and adopting community - based resource management as an approached to participatory management. It is supported by a provincial resolution no. 647-s. 2009. Both are used as basis for the development and management of the MPA and in enforcing regulations and prohibitions within the area.
Copy of the Ordinance is attached as Annex __ of this MPA Management Plan.
3.0The Management Plan
3.1Vision
Ang Barangay Punta Fish Sanctuaryabundasahimsogngabuhilamansakadagatan, limpyougnindotngapalibot, dinuyugansanagkahiusaugmaampingongkomunidadalangsakabulahanansatananugsaumaabotngakaliwatan.
3.2Mission and Goal
Mission
Ang Barangay Punta MPA Management Committee inubanansagiyasaMunisipyougmgalumulupyonagkahiusasapag-ampingsamgabuhilamansakadagatan, pinaagisa hugotngapagtumansabalaodalangsamalambuonugmalungtaronngakapanginabuhiansakatilingban.
Goal
Ang Barangay Punta MPA Management Committee naningkamotsausaka malampusonugmabungahonngatinguhasapagpalambosakalidadsakinabuhisakatawhanpinaagisapag-amumasasangtwaryoinubanansamakugihonngapagsuportasakumonidad.
3. 5 Management Programs, Strategies and Budgets
The section will provide the management programs, strategies, activities, timeframe and budget, and funding sources that will provide the LGU/LAP an operational guide in sustaining the management and Pride Campaign activities at their site to achieve the CR, TR and BC. All components of the section will be summarized from the workshop to be administered to each of the campaign site. Other programs as the LAP desired may be added as appropriate.
3.5.1 MPA Governance (BROP)
The section will provide top BR strategies in sustaining MPA Management, sustaining the momentum for the Management Committees and TWGs in managing the MPA. Inputs to the section will be the lessons learned from the Pride campaign based on the Barrier Removal Operations Plan and key adjustments that the campaign has adopted as part of the implementation strategy.
Key subcomponents of the section will include: MPA Management, MPA Policies and MPA Enforcement Program. The section will adopt the following matrix
- MPA Management
This subsection will cater lessons learned from the Organizational Development as part of the BR Strategy) interventions during the staging of their pride campaigns. This will include strategies and activities towards improving the management system of the MPA; sustaining the Executive Order that mandates the mandates the ManCom and TWGs in managing the MPAs – to include other MPAs as an additional function; infrastructure and plans towards building a meaningful relationships and coordination systems with other players in the locality and the LGU.
SMART Objectives, Key Strategies and Activities
Management Program / MPA ManagementSmart Objectives / Aktibo, madasigonugmaalamonngapagdumalasaManCOm
Strategies / Activities / Budget / Budget Source / Time Frame / Responsible Person Office/Agency
Lead / Support
Enhancement training / Leadership training / 5000 / BLGU / 5 YEARS / BLGU / CCC, LGU
PCRA Training / 4000 / BLGU / 5 years / BLGU / CCC, NGO Plan
- MPA Policy and Enforcement
This subsection will present the strategies and activities relative to MPA policy enhancement and enforcement. This will encompass all policy needs (i.e changes in the ordinance to expand MPA as a Climate Smart strategy; provision of additional budget, among others). This will also sustain
Objectives
SMART Objectives, Key Strategies and Activities
Management Program / MPA EnforcementSmart Objectives / Hugotugmatinud anon ugmalungtaronngapagpatumansamgapulisiya
Strategies / Activities / Budget / Budget Source / Time Frame / Responsible Person Office/Agency
Lead / Support
Concrete guardhouse construction / 110,000 / BLGU, MLGU, Rare / 2 monhts (July 2012) / BLGU / MLGU, Rare
Maintenance /replacement of assets (searchlights, megaphone, raincoat, boots, bike, handcuff, whistle) / 2,000.00/year / PLGU / 5 years / BLGU (enf. Chair) / PLGU
Enforcement team / Conduct seminars/training for additional bantaydagat
Education on MPA Policies / 2,000/year / BLGU / Every year / BLGU / MFLET, LGU, NGO, Plan Int.
Incentive System / Honorarium / 19,200/year / BLGU / 5 years / BLGU / PLGU
Logbook system / 3 kinds of logbook (apprehension, DTR, Visitors / 210.00/year / BLGU / 5 years / BLGU / LGU
Proper Coordination with PNP and Regular meeting of enforcers / 3,000 / Municipal Agriculture office / Annually / BLGU / PNP
3.5.2 Social Marketing Strategies
Building on the data and experience of the Pride Program, this section will identify existing opportunities in their town/city to institutionalize their bright spots of social marketing. This will ideally be at least three key events (i.e. fiesta, fisher registration, month of the ocean, etc.) and at least three collateral, wherein the LGU can hone skills on developing key messages and creatively reinforcing these messages for an identified audience. Monitoring and evaluation will be a key component. While a KAP survey will not be required (but highly recommended), pre and post testing of key messages and collateral design should be implemented even if via simple spot interviews and one-page surveys. It is important that the LGU get firsthand experience of how target audience feedback and research can impact effectiveness of their social marketing campaigns.
Essentially the objective of this section is to enable the LGU to regularly simulate the full process of social marketing from research, planning, implementation, and evaluation – and not just simply the creative design aspect.
LGU Social Marketing Team
Name / Office / Designation / ContactOverall SM lead / Hon. MaritaSubang / ManCOm; BLGU / IEC Committee Head / 09264478769
Audience research head / EmilitaDipay; Helen Daruca; BevicBarsolaso / BLGU / BNS, BHW, SK
Event planners / All ManCom Members / BLG / Barangay Council
Designer/Artists / BonsinAnonciado (Art and Sign);
BevicBarsolaso (Dancing) / BLGU / Artist, SK
SMART Objectives, Key Strategies and Activities
TARGET AUDIENCES: Adjoining community of Punta______
Key message: ______Respect the Punta MPA______
Campaign theme: Atong MPA protectahan aron kitang tanan mabulahan
Management Program / Social MarketingSmart Objectives / Ngamapadayonang social marketing program sa Punta MPA sulodsa 5 katuig with expansion to neigboring barangays Dakit and Tuno
Strategies / Activities / Budget / Budget Source / Time Frame / Responsible Person Office/Agency
Lead / Support
Conduct of KAP survey (sustained yearly plus the neighboring barangay) / Magsurveyaronmakit an and kausabansasuportasamgatawo / 200/per survey / BLGU/LGU / Yearly every May / BLGU, BHW / MLGU
Reorientation of the Barangays on the benefits of MPA / Pulong –pulongug symposium apilsa barangay assembly / 2,000 / BLGU / Twice a year (mar and Oct) / ManCom, IEC Committee / LGU, Projector
Education/IEC sa Punta mismougiexpandsakasikbitnga barangays / Film showing; mascot Appearance / 150/per year / BLGU / Once a year / Mancom, IEC Comm / LGU,Projector
Maintenance of billboards / Pagdraftsa messages; pagpaprintsa billboard / 4,500/ 4 billboards / LGU / Every 2 years / LGU, PLGU / Mancom
Events Management (Pistasa MPA) / Coastal Clean up; paddle boat race; COT Extraction / 2,000 / BLGU / Once a Year, (Oct 23) / BLGU, Mancom / LGU, CCC, Rare
Magtudlougtawo /grupongamaoymosutnIFredo / PagpashowsaabilidadniFredo / 100 / BLGU / BLGU / Council
Magtudlougtawo /grupo nag maoymoareglar / Pag dis infect ugpaglaba (dry clean and lysol) / 120 / BLGU / Every day / Kag on Duty / Mancom
Magpiliuglugarasaibutang / Didtosa Punta Barangay Hall / 5,000 N/A / BLGU / Once a Year / BLGU / ManCom
3.5.3 Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
This part of the plan will provide the strategies and activities towards the climate proofing of marine protected areas. Results of the VA will be adopted and integrated as the framework for Planning. Using the RESTORED strategy introduced by the University of the Philippines – MERF (consultant for monitoring and vulnerability assessments), LAPs will have menu of strategies and can decide on priority investments towards making their MPAs more resilient against Climate Change impacts. For LAPs who haven’t conducted the VA, secondary data will be the basis for planning again using the RESTORED framework.