Name ______
Date ______Pd ______
The Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s
I. The Cold War under Joseph Stalin (1945-1953)
A. ______led the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953
1. When the Cold War began, Stalin spread communism into the ______in Eastern Europe
2. Stalin escalated the Cold War by creating the ______in 1948
3. Under Stalin, the USSR tested the ______in 1949 & ______in 1953
4. Stalin signed a “treaty of friendship” with ______after the Chinese Revolution
5. Stalin sent ______to communists in ______during the Korean War
B. Joseph Stalin’s ______in 1953 changed the Soviet Union & how it approached the ______against the United States
II. The Cold War from 1953 to 1980
A. Nikita Khrushchev & De-Stalinization
1. New USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev began a series of reforms known as ______, which included releasing political ______censorship
2. Khrushchev seemed willing to ______to ease Cold War tensions…But, tensions between the USA & USSR ______throughout the 1950s & 1960s
a. Under ______, the Soviet Union launched ______& the space race began
b. The creation of ______led to the stockpiling of ______weapons during the arms race
B. In 1961, ______became U.S. president…Kennedy & Khrushchev faced two important crises that heightened Cold War tensions: Building of the Berlin Wall & the Cuban Missile Crisis
1. Berlin Wall, 1961
a. Khrushchev was upset with the increasing number of communist ______who moved to democratic ______
b. In 1961, Khrushchev threatened to ______to West Berlin like Stalin’s blockade in 1948
c. President Kennedy promised to ______West Berlin
d. Rather than ______the city, Communist leaders built the ______to keep East Germans out of West Berlin
2. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
a. When ______seized power in ______in 1959, the USA feared the spread of communism so close to America
b. After a failed attempt to ______Castro, Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear ______to Cuba
c. The U.S. successfully ______Cuba & Khrushchev removed the ______in exchange for the removal of American ICBMs in Europe
d. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the USA & USSR came to ______
C. Vietnam War, 1965-1973
1. From 1965 to 1973, the USA became involved in the ______
a. When communist leader ______gained independence for Vietnam, the USA feared ______in SE Asia
b. Vietnam was ______intoa communist North & a democratic South
c. In South Vietnam, communists known as the ______worked to ______North & South Vietnam
d. To ______communism, the USA sent ______to Vietnam starting in 1965
i. The American military used ______raids, pesticides, & ______missions to fight the communists
ii. Despite these efforts, the U.S. was ______the communist enemy
2. The Vietnam War was expensive, hurt the U.S. ______, & became unpopular with ______protestors in the USA.
3. In 1973, the USA ______from Vietnam & 2 years later communists ______Vietnam
D. Détente in the 1970s
1. America’s ______in Vietnam led to a change in Cold War policies
2. The USA abandoned its containment policy & began looking for ways to ______with Cold War enemies
3. In the 1970s, Richard Nixon’s policy of ______(easing Cold War tensions) replaced ______
a. Recognition of China
i. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to ______communist China
ii. Nixon’s visit to China put ______on the ______to negotiate with the USA
b. Détente with the Soviet Union
i. In 1972, Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev to discuss ______
ii. The USA & USSR signed the ______Talks (SALT) which limited the number of ______each nation could have
iii. By the 1970s, the USA & USSR seemed willing to peacefully ______
E. Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1989
1. But, détente ______in 1979 when the USSR invaded ______to put down an anti-communist uprising
a. The U.S. viewed the attack as an attempt to spread ______into South Asia & the Middle East
b. The United States cut off all ______with the USSR & sent ______aid to Afghan rebels
2. The USSR fought in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, but was ______the Afghan resistance
a. The war exhausted Soviet ______& proved as ______as Vietnam was for the United States
b. The war renewed ______between the USA & USSR
F. Cold War in the 1980s
1. In the 1980s, new U.S. President ______helped win with Cold War against the Soviet Union
2. President Reagan’s strong ______policies & the collapse of communist economies brought the Cold War to an ______by 1991