The Black Civil Rights Movement
Black Civil Rights Movement ______
Black Civil Rights Movement: ______
Movement was “______” not “ ______”
- It was a ______movement made possible by ______and ______, not one individual like ______or the ______
Segregation: ______
Goal: ______
Segregation: ______
Segregation laws were often called ______laws
Segregation became common in ______following the end of ______in 1877
African Americans had separate ______, ______, ______, and ______many of which were ______funded and ______to those of whites.
Over the next ______years, Jim Crow ______to ______the ______went up in every possible place.
Conditions for African Americans in the ______states were somewhat better, though in 1910, only _____% of African Americans lived in the ______.
______were not as ______as in the North, but African Americans were usually denied ______to the ______hotels and restaurants
African Americans were usually ______to ______in the ______.
Voting Rights ______
System of segregation also included denial of ______, known as ______
Between 1890 and 1910, ______Southern states passed laws imposing ______
- Used to ______African Americans from ______, in spite of the ______which had been designed to ______African American voting rights
Voting requirements:
- Ability to ______and ______, which disqualified many African Americans who had no ______to ______
- ______, which excluded most African Americans
- Paying a ______which prevented most Southern African Americans from ______because they could not ______
NAACP______
NAACP = ______
NAACP become one of the most ______African American ______of the 20th century
It relied mainly on ______strategies that challenged ______and ______in the ______.
- Founded by ______
The main focus of the NAACP turned to ______
Supreme Court Justice ______argued that ______was inherently ______
Supreme Court heard arguments on _____ cases that challenged ______
School Desegregation ______
In May ______, the ______issued its landmark ruling in ______, stating racially segregated education was unconstitutional and ______the ______decision
______were shocked by the decision
Virtually _____ schools in the South ______in the ______following the ______decision.
Tactics to prevent segregation:
- ______school ______who showed willingness to seek integration
- ______rather than desegregating
- ______all ______that was integrated
Often schools desegregated in theory only because ______
To overcome this problem, some districts ______students to schools ______their neighborhoods in the ______
Little Rock Nine:
- In ______, Governor of Arkansas______a federal court order to ______9 ______students to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
- President Eisenhower sent ______
- Event was covered by the ______, and the fate of ______gripped the nation
KKK and School Desegregation
- As ______continued, membership of the ______grew
- ______included ______and ______and was ______in the South during the ______and ______
- Despite ______and ______, the ______quickly moved beyond school desegregation to challenge ______
Montgomery Bus Boycott ______
In December ______, ______, a member of the ______branch of the ______was told to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person
- When Parks ______, she was arrested
Prior to the ______, head of the local NAACP ______recognized that the ______might ______local African Americans to ______segregated ______
- Thus, together, ______, ______, and the ______planned Parks’s arrest
Montgomery’s black community had long been ______about their ______on ______where white driver were ______and ______
- ______of Montgomery ______the boycott
Bus boycott was an ______success with almost ______support from the African Americans in ______.
Boycott lasted for > ______then in November ______, a ______ordered Montgomery’s ______
Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nonviolence ______
A Baptist ______named Martin Luther King, Jr. was ______of the ______, the organization that directed the ______
His involvement in the protest made him a ______
- ______in speech and ______and his ______attracted people both ______and ______the South.
King became the president of the ______(SCLC) when it was founded in 1957
- SCLC ______the ______’s ______strategy by encouraging the use of ______, ______to protest segregation – ex. ______, ______, and ______
Harsh ______to ______eventually forced the ______to confront ______in the South
Sit-Ins______
On February 1, ______, 4 African American college students from ______began protesting ______in restaurants by sitting at “______lunch counters and waiting to be served
Not a new form of protest, but response to sit-ins ______throughout NC and within ______sit-ins were taking place in ______across the ______
This form of protest demonstrated ______were determined to reject ______.
In April ______, the ______(SNCC) was founded in ______, NC at ______to help ______and ______the student sit-in movement
- Founder: ______
Freedom Riders______
After the sit-in movement, some ______members participated in the 1961 ______organized by ______(Congress of Racial Equality) specifically ______
The ______, both ______and ______, traveled around the ______in ______to test the ______of a 1960 Supreme Court decision declaring ______
The Freedom Rides began in Washington, D.C. and was peaceful until the buses reached ______
- In ______, a ______attached the riders when they got off the bus
Violence brought ______and fierce ______of ______for allowing the brutality to occur
President Kennedy ______to ______the Freedom Riders when it was clear the Alabama officials would ______their ______travel.
Riders continued to ______where they were ______, ending the protest.
Freedom Rides did result in the ______of some bus stations, but more importantly they caught ______of the ______
March on Washington______
Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered “ ______” speech to more than ______people
“I Have a Dream” – famous for the way it expressed the ______of the civil rights movement
After President Kennedy was ______in November 1963, new President Johnson strongly urged the passage of ______as a ______to Kennedy
Despite fierce ______from ______legislators, ______pushed the ______through Congress
- ______in public places and ______in ______and ______
- Also gave the executive branch the power to ______the act’s provisions
Back to Voting Rights______
In June ______, ______was shot and killed in front of his home.
- He was the local ______Mississippi field secretary
In ______, ______workers organized the ______to register blacks to ______in the state, wanting to focus national attention on the state’s ______
______recruited ______college students, ______, ______, and ______to work on the project
- They believed the participation of these people would make the country concerned about ______and ______
The project did receive ______, especially after 3 participants – two of whom were ______- ______in June and were later found ______and ______buried
In early ______, ______members employed a ______technique in a ______protest initiated by ______in ______
When protests at the local courthouse were unsuccessful, protestors began to ______to ______, the state ______.
As marchers were leaving Selma, ______beat and ______them
______scenes of the violence, called ______, shocked many Americans and the resulting ______led to a ______to continue the Selma March.
______members led hundreds of people on a 5 day, 50 mil march to ______
The Selma March drummed up ______for a law to ______Southern African Americans’ ______
The ______was ratified in 1964 which prohibited ______
Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the ______which suspended the use of ______and other ______in voter registration.
Over the next 3 years, almost ______more blacks in the South registered to vote
By ______, black voters had a ______on Southern politics
During the ______, blacks were seeking and ______public offices in majority black electoral districts.
End of the Movement ______
For many people, civil rights movement ended with ______in 1968
Others believe it was over after the ______because there were not any ______since then
Still others argue the movement ______because the goal of full equality has not yet been achieved