The Black Civil Rights Movement

Black Civil Rights Movement ______

Black Civil Rights Movement: ______

Movement was “______” not “ ______”

  • It was a ______movement made possible by ______and ______, not one individual like ______or the ______

Segregation: ______

Goal: ______

Segregation: ______

Segregation laws were often called ______laws

Segregation became common in ______following the end of ______in 1877

African Americans had separate ______, ______, ______, and ______many of which were ______funded and ______to those of whites.

Over the next ______years, Jim Crow ______to ______the ______went up in every possible place.

Conditions for African Americans in the ______states were somewhat better, though in 1910, only _____% of African Americans lived in the ______.

______were not as ______as in the North, but African Americans were usually denied ______to the ______hotels and restaurants

African Americans were usually ______to ______in the ______.

Voting Rights ______

System of segregation also included denial of ______, known as ______

Between 1890 and 1910, ______Southern states passed laws imposing ______

  • Used to ______African Americans from ______, in spite of the ______which had been designed to ______African American voting rights

Voting requirements:

  • Ability to ______and ______, which disqualified many African Americans who had no ______to ______
  • ______, which excluded most African Americans
  • Paying a ______which prevented most Southern African Americans from ______because they could not ______

NAACP______

NAACP = ______

NAACP become one of the most ______African American ______of the 20th century

It relied mainly on ______strategies that challenged ______and ______in the ______.

  • Founded by ______

The main focus of the NAACP turned to ______

Supreme Court Justice ______argued that ______was inherently ______

Supreme Court heard arguments on _____ cases that challenged ______

School Desegregation ______

In May ______, the ______issued its landmark ruling in ______, stating racially segregated education was unconstitutional and ______the ______decision

______were shocked by the decision

Virtually _____ schools in the South ______in the ______following the ______decision.

Tactics to prevent segregation:

  • ______school ______who showed willingness to seek integration
  • ______rather than desegregating
  • ______all ______that was integrated

Often schools desegregated in theory only because ______

To overcome this problem, some districts ______students to schools ______their neighborhoods in the ______

Little Rock Nine:

  • In ______, Governor of Arkansas______a federal court order to ______9 ______students to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.
  • President Eisenhower sent ______
  • Event was covered by the ______, and the fate of ______gripped the nation

KKK and School Desegregation

  • As ______continued, membership of the ______grew
  • ______included ______and ______and was ______in the South during the ______and ______
  • Despite ______and ______, the ______quickly moved beyond school desegregation to challenge ______

Montgomery Bus Boycott ______

In December ______, ______, a member of the ______branch of the ______was told to give up her seat on a city bus to a white person

  • When Parks ______, she was arrested

Prior to the ______, head of the local NAACP ______recognized that the ______might ______local African Americans to ______segregated ______

  • Thus, together, ______, ______, and the ______planned Parks’s arrest

Montgomery’s black community had long been ______about their ______on ______where white driver were ______and ______

  • ______of Montgomery ______the boycott

Bus boycott was an ______success with almost ______support from the African Americans in ______.

Boycott lasted for > ______then in November ______, a ______ordered Montgomery’s ______

Martin Luther King, Jr. and Nonviolence ______

A Baptist ______named Martin Luther King, Jr. was ______of the ______, the organization that directed the ______

His involvement in the protest made him a ______

  • ______in speech and ______and his ______attracted people both ______and ______the South.

King became the president of the ______(SCLC) when it was founded in 1957

  • SCLC ______the ______’s ______strategy by encouraging the use of ______, ______to protest segregation – ex. ______, ______, and ______

Harsh ______to ______eventually forced the ______to confront ______in the South

Sit-Ins______

On February 1, ______, 4 African American college students from ______began protesting ______in restaurants by sitting at “______lunch counters and waiting to be served

Not a new form of protest, but response to sit-ins ______throughout NC and within ______sit-ins were taking place in ______across the ______

This form of protest demonstrated ______were determined to reject ______.

In April ______, the ______(SNCC) was founded in ______, NC at ______to help ______and ______the student sit-in movement

  • Founder: ______

Freedom Riders______

After the sit-in movement, some ______members participated in the 1961 ______organized by ______(Congress of Racial Equality)  specifically ______

The ______, both ______and ______, traveled around the ______in ______to test the ______of a 1960 Supreme Court decision declaring ______

The Freedom Rides began in Washington, D.C. and was peaceful until the buses reached ______

  • In ______, a ______attached the riders when they got off the bus

Violence brought ______and fierce ______of ______for allowing the brutality to occur

President Kennedy ______to ______the Freedom Riders when it was clear the Alabama officials would ______their ______travel.

Riders continued to ______where they were ______, ending the protest.

Freedom Rides did result in the ______of some bus stations, but more importantly they caught ______of the ______

March on Washington______

Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered “ ______” speech to more than ______people

“I Have a Dream” – famous for the way it expressed the ______of the civil rights movement

After President Kennedy was ______in November 1963, new President Johnson strongly urged the passage of ______as a ______to Kennedy

Despite fierce ______from ______legislators, ______pushed the ______through Congress

  • ______in public places and ______in ______and ______
  • Also gave the executive branch the power to ______the act’s provisions

Back to Voting Rights______

In June ______, ______was shot and killed in front of his home.

  • He was the local ______Mississippi field secretary

In ______, ______workers organized the ______to register blacks to ______in the state, wanting to focus national attention on the state’s ______

______recruited ______college students, ______, ______, and ______to work on the project

  • They believed the participation of these people would make the country concerned about ______and ______

The project did receive ______, especially after 3 participants – two of whom were ______- ______in June and were later found ______and ______buried

In early ______, ______members employed a ______technique in a ______protest initiated by ______in ______

When protests at the local courthouse were unsuccessful, protestors began to ______to ______, the state ______.

As marchers were leaving Selma, ______beat and ______them

______scenes of the violence, called ______, shocked many Americans and the resulting ______led to a ______to continue the Selma March.

______members led hundreds of people on a 5 day, 50 mil march to ______

The Selma March drummed up ______for a law to ______Southern African Americans’ ______

The ______was ratified in 1964 which prohibited ______

Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the ______which suspended the use of ______and other ______in voter registration.

Over the next 3 years, almost ______more blacks in the South registered to vote

By ______, black voters had a ______on Southern politics

During the ______, blacks were seeking and ______public offices in majority black electoral districts.

End of the Movement ______

For many people, civil rights movement ended with ______in 1968

Others believe it was over after the ______because there were not any ______since then

Still others argue the movement ______because the goal of full equality has not yet been achieved