Test: Urinary System Disorders

21-1

TEST: URINARY SYSTEM DISORDERS

NAME:______

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.The______allows everything smaller than a protein to pass into the Bowman’s capsule

a. / proximal convoluted tubule
b. / glomerulus
c. / loop of Henle
d. / afferent arteriole

2.Which of the following is not a function of the kidney?

a. / regulation of body fluid concentrations
b. / removal of nitrogenous and acidic wastes
c. / Release of renin
d. / Production of red blood cells

3.Where does blood flow in the kidney?

a. / afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule
b. / efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries
c. / peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule
d. / afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole

4.Where does the filtrate flow from in the kidney?

a. / the collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis
b. / Bowman’s capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle
c. / the loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman’s capsule
d. / the distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

5.Which of the following increases glomerular filtration rate?

a. / increased plasma osmotic pressure
b. / dilation of the efferent arteriole
c. / increased hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries
d. / constriction of the afferent arteriole

6.Normally, which of the following is reabsorbed completely from the filtrate?

a. / glucose
b. / sodium
c. / water
d. / urea

7.Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of sodium?

a. / renin
b. / aldosterone
c. / angiotensin
d. / antidiuretic hormone

8.When do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?

a. / the urine pH decreases
b. / blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases
c. / serum potassium levels are high
d. / Hydrostatic of the blood pressure increases

9.Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?

a. / plasma proteins
b. / erythrocytes
c. / sodium and potassium ions
d. / leukocytes

10.From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed:

a. / Albumin/protein
b. / urea
c. / sodium
d. / creatinine

11.What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

a. / an ascending infection up the urinary tract by bacteria
b. / abnormal immune response, causing inflammation
c. / dialysis or other invasive procedure
d. / viruses in the blood

12.In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?

a. / ischemia in the tubules
b. / inflammation, stretching the renal capsule from kidney swelling
c. / increasing permeability, creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney
d. / microbes irritating the tissues

13.Hypertension frequently develops with renal disease for all the following reasons except:

a. / increased aldosterone secretion because of increased renin release
b. / glomerular congestion reduces GFR
c. / Increased flow of fluid into the interstitial space
d. / increased vascular volume from inability of kidneys to excrete water

14.Which of the following would result from obstruction of the left ureter by a renal calculus (kidney stone)?

a. / mild flank pain on the affected side
b. / hydronephrosis in both kidneys
c. / immediate cessation of urine production
d. / an attack of renal colic and severe flank pain

15.What does hydronephrosis lead to?

a. / ischemia and fibrosis in the compressed area
b. / multiple hemorrhages in the kidney
c. / Renal lithiasis (kidney stones)
d. / increased GFR

16.With severe (not end stage) kidney disease, the most serious effect is

a. / cardiac arrhythmias because of dumping of electrolytes
b. / encephalopathy
c. / hypervolemia
d. / skeletal muscle twitch or spasm

17.What is a cause of acute renal failure?

a. / prolonged circulatory shock
b. / sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins
c. / crush injuries or burns
d. / all of the above

18.Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?

a. / a mild/short term UTI
b. / circulatory shock
c. / persistent glomerulonephritis
d. / obstruction by a renal calculus

19.Why are UTI’s more common in females?

a. / the mucosa in the urinary tract is continuous
b. / the urethra is short, wide and adjacent to areas with resident flora
c. / the pH of urine is more acidic in females
d. / females have a higher incidence of congenital anomalies

20.Which of the following indicate a decreased GFR?

a. / increased urea in blood plasma and low urine output
b. / urine with dark color
c. / albuminuria and hematuria
d. / hyponatremia and hypokalemia

21.Which of the following is not likely to lead to hydronephrosis?

a. / renal calculi (kidney stones)
b. / Pyelonephritis (kidney infection)
c. / hypovolemia
d. / benign prostatic hypertrophy

22.Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult’s body:

a. / 30%
b. / 25%
c. / 60%
d. / 100%

23.What percentage of glomerulihave to be destroyed to be in mild renal failure

a. / 60%
b. / 6%
c. / 100%
d. / I have no idea

24.When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:

a. / blood into the cells
b. / interstitial compartment into the cells
c. / interstitial compartment into the blood
d. / cells into the interstitial compartment

25.What would a deficit of plasma proteins likely cause?

a. / increased osmotic pressure of blood
b. / decreased osmotic pressure of blood
c. / increased hydrostatic pressure of cells
d. / decreased hydrostatic pressure of cells

26.What would cause edema?

a. / decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. / increased capillary osmotic pressure
c. / decreased capillary permeability
d. / increased capillary permeability

27.What would be related to an elevated hematocrit?

a. / fluid excess (overhydration)
b. / fluid deficit (dehydration)
c. / increased sodium level
d. / decreased erythrocytes

28.What is a typical sign of dehydration?

a. / strong pulse
b. / low hematocrit
c. / increased urine output
d. / dry and rough oral mucosa

29.You are in a plane crash in the Himalayan mountains, you have no food but plenty of water. You are given the following choices. Choose which one would kill you the fastest. (and yes I realize this is a ridiculous question).

1. Increased GFR
2. Decreased GFR
3. Fighting an abominable snowman (hint…these are not real so do not pick this one :P)

30.Which of the following would be considered normal serum pH?

a. / 4.5-8
b. / 7.0
c. / 7.4
d. / 8

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