TERMS, TIME PERIODS AND CONCEPTS DEFINED:
INTRODUCTION TO 3-DIMENSIONAL ART
TERMS:
1.Cromlech:Prehistoric arrangement of stones in a circle.
2.Subject:Images that a viewer can identify in a piece of art.
3.Medium:Materials used to create a piece of art.
4.Post and Lintel Construction:Two or more vertical (posts) supporting a horizontal (lintel).
5.Aesthetics: One’s sense of beauty or visual preference.
6.Symmetrical:One half of the sculpture is balanced with the other half.
7.Likeness:A piece of art that bears a resemblance to a specific person.
8.Bust:Sculpture that includes the head, neck, and part of the shoulders.
9.Functional:Objects that can be used in everyday life.
10.Tactile:Having to do with the sense of touch.
11.Credit Line:Listing of important facts about a piece of art.
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12.Asymmetrical:One half of the sculpture is unbalanced with the other half.
13.Freestanding Sculpture:Surrounded on all sides by space (a.k.a. “in-the-round”).
14.Marble:Hard white or colored stone used for sculpture/architecture.
15.Content:The message, idea, or feeling of a piece of art.
16.Contropasto:Stance where a person has 1 leg engaged & the other relaxed.
17.Thumbnails:Quick sketches done to practice a composition.
18.Scale:Size of an object compared to other objects in the piece.
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19.Subtractive Sculpture:Sculpture where material is taken away to reveal form.
20.Plasticine:Green, oil-based clay used for modeling.
21.Patina:Green film that forms on bronze as it ages.
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22.Organic Form:3-D objects with irregular edges (hands, apple, statue, etc.)
23.Positive Space:The physical space that a piece of sculpture occupies.
24.Negative Space:The physical space that surrounds the sculpture.
25.Concave:Curved inward, like the inside of a spoon.
26.Convex:Curved outward, like the bottom of a spoon.
27.Stylized:Reducing a subject to its bare necessities, no small details.
28.Geometric Form:3-D objects with regular edges (baseball,pyramid, cone,etc.)
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29.Ceramic:Products made from clay.
30.Pottery:Functional ceramic pieces such as plates, cups and dishes.
31.Earthenware:Lightweight clay that is not waterproof or weatherproof.
32.Matte:A dull finish that has no shine.
33.Mobile:Construction made to balance on wire and hang from ceiling.
34.Stabile:Construction made to rest stationary on the ground.
35.Additive Sculpture:Sculpture where material is added to build up the form.
36.Kinetic Art:Art that is free to move on its own or equipped with a motor.
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37.Relief:Sculpture where the forms & figures project from front only.
38.Stoneware:Heavyweight, waterproof clay that is strong & weatherproof.
39.Greenware:When a piece of clay is dry, but has not yet been bisque fired.
40.Kiln:Oven used to fire works of clay so they change chemically.
41.Bisque Fire:The first time a piece of clay is fired in the kiln.
42.Installation:Object assembled by an artist for display in a specific space.
43.Assemblage:An artistic combination of 3/D objects to make a sculpture.
44.Loop Tool:Clay working tool used to remove large amounts of clay.
45.Rib Tool:Clay working tool used to smooth out areas of clay.
46.Slip:Liquefied clay that can be poured into a mold.
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TIME PERIODS:(all dates are approximations):
1.Neolithic: 10000BCE-2000 BCEPeriodknown as the New Stone Age.
2.Egyptian: 3100 BCE-331 BCEPeriod of greatachievementalong the Nile River.
3.Greek: 900 BCE-100 BCEPeriod of greatachievement in ancientGreece.
4.Renaissance:1425-1550Period of great awakening, revival and rebirth.
5.Neoclassical1800-1870Period of renewed interest in Greek and Roman art.
6.Expressionism:1880-1910Period of strong emotions and feelings in art.
7.Modernism:1870-1970Periodofgreat changes in Western culture.
8.Native American:1500-presentPeriod of aboriginal culture in North America.
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CONCEPTS:
1. The 7 elements of art:
Space:Distance/area between, around, above, below, within things.
Texture:How a thing feels or appears to feel.
Form:An object with three dimensions.
Value:Lightness or darkness of a color.
Color:Element made up of three properties: hue, value and intensity.
Line:The path of a dot through space.
Shape:Area clearly set off by one of the other elements of art.
2. The 3 major styles of art:
Representational:Artist attempts to capture reality in the artwork.
Abstract:Artist distorts reality, but objects are still recognizable.
Nonrepresentational:Artist shows no recognizable object in the artwork.
3. The 4 major processes of sculpture:
Modeling:Additive. Process in which a soft material is built up and shaped into a sculptural form.
Assembly:Additive. Artist gathers and joins together a variety of different materials
to construct a 3-D work of art.
Carving:Subtractive. Cutting or chipping away from a given mass of material.
Casting:Neither. A melted down metal or liquid is poured
into a mold to harden.