TAMIL NADU VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY
From / ToDr. P. Kumaravel, Ph.D.,
Professor and Head i/c
Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education
Madras Veterinary College
Chennai – 600 007 / The Chief Editor
Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan
Executive Office: JJ Farm,
KrishiVigyan Kendra
Kapurthala- 14620
Punjab
Dated: 09.09.2016
Sir,
Sub / : / Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan – Dr. P. Kumaravel - Research paper – submitted for Publication – regarding.***
I am herewith submitting a Research article entitled “Cross breeding technological intervention for improving the breeding and production performance of desi pigs” for publishing in the Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan.
Yours faithfully,
PROFESSOR AND HEADi/c
Department of Veterinary and
AH Extension Education
MVC, Chennai-7
Encl : Research article
Cross breeding technological intervention for improving the breeding and production performance of desi pigs
P. Kumaravel# and G. Senthilkumar
Dept. of Veterinary andA.H. Extension, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai -600 007
Abstract
The technology assessment study was carried out at KVK, kattupakkam, Kanchepuram district to find out the breeding and productive performance of desi pigs due to cross breeding with Large white Yorkshire boars among the selected desi pig farmers. The results revealed that with regard to the breeding parameters, the mating percentage and farrowing percentage was observed as 60 % and 90 % respectively and the average number of piglets per farrowing was recorded as 8.2. The birth weight and weaning weight of piglets was found to be 0.92 kg and 7.80 kg respectively The economic analysis of the study revealed that the Benefit cost ratio for the technological intervention of cross breeding of desi pigs with Large white Yorkshire boars was higher than pure breeding of desi pigs.
Key words : Pig farmer, Cross breeding, birth weight, weaning weight
# - Professor and Head, Dept. of Veterinary andA.H. Extension, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai -600 007
e-mail :
______
Introduction
Pig farming in rural villages is mainly in the hands of resource poor and economically weaker sections of society. They are mainly focussed in the rearing of native black pigs which provide them marginal income for their livelihood. Local/indigenous pigs constitute the bulk of pig population in India with poor growth rate and productivity and are reared under extensive and scavenging system and to a lesser extent in a semi-intensive system under subsistence farming, with few or no inputs (Pankajseth et al.,2014) The desi pigs are allowed to roam freely in the villages scavenging on vegetable and human waste and are housed only during night time in the house backyard. These pigs grow at a leisure pace and attain marketing weight of 50 -60 kg at 10-12 months of age thus the productivity of these pigs is low. The expenditure incurred towards the input cost provided to these pigs is comparatively less and the return obtained through sale of desi pigs is comparatively low.
In recent years, due to change in the consumer preference and life style, the demand for the pork and pork products are continuously increasing and it has encouraged young entrepreneurs to start pig enterprise in a commercial manner as their income generating activity. To give a fillip to the piggery sector, KVKs are organising various programmes to promote piggery as a sustainable enterprise. To overcome the productivity loss of the desi pig farmers in Kancheepuram District, KrishiVigyan Kendra, Kattupakkam conducted On-farm trial (Technology assessment) by providing the resource poor desi pig farmers with Large white Yorkshire boars for improving the breeding performance and to enhance the productivity of desi pigs.
Materials and methods
The study was conducted in two villages of kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. The data on production parameters were collected through direct observation and also through discussion with pig farmers. The farmers who were involved in desi pig rearing using desi boars for breeding for more than a decade were selected for the study. They were provided with Large white Yorkshire boars produced at Piggery unit of PGRIAS, Kattupakkam to cross breed the desi sows in the Technology option 1 and the data on the performance indicators were assessed. Similarly, in the Technology option 2 the existing technology of crossing of desi sows with desi boars was carried out to study the breeding and production parameters.
Results and Discussion
Breeding parameters
With regard to the breeding parameters in the Technology option 1 involving cross breeding of desi sows with Large White Yorkshire boars, the mating percentage and farrowing percentage was observed as 60 % and 90 % respectively. The average number of piglets per farrowing was recorded as 8.2. The mating percentage and farrowing percentage with regard to the Technology option 2, wherein traditional pig breeding involving desi boars and sows was carried out was found to be 55% and 75% respectively, and the average number of piglets per farrowing was recorded as 8.4.
Production parameters
With regard to the production parameters assessed in Technology option 1, the birth weight of individual newborn piglets was 0.92 kg, while the weaning weight at eight weeks of age was 7.8 kg, whereas in the case of technology option 2 involving desi pigs, the birth weight and weaning weight of piglets was found to be 0.56 kg and 5.20 kg.Higher body weight was noticed in crossbred followed by Desi pigs ( Gopinathan, 2011., Gaur et. al.,1996, Dash et al.,1986)The purebred Yorkshire sows and their crossbred litters are better than purebred Duroc and their cross breds in terms of litter size at birth, and at weaning, (Arganosa et.al,1991). Higher body weight and average daily gain were noticed in Large White Yorkshire followed by crossbred and Desi pigs throughout the period of study. The above data reveals that the breeding performance of poor productive desi pigs were improved considerably by crossing desi sows with Large White Yorkshire boars. The production performance of cross bred piglets is also significantly higher than desi piglets.
Table 1 : Breeding and Production parameters of the technological options assessed
Data on the performance indicators of the technology assessedTechnology Option 1
(Large white Yorkshire boar) / Technology Option 2
(Desi boar)
Sl. No. / Breeding parameter / Units / Breeding parameter / Units
1. / Mating percentage / 60 / Mating percentage / 55
2. / Farrowing percentage / 90 / Farrowing percentage / 75
3. / Average no of piglets/ farrowing- / 8.2 / Average no of piglets/ farrowing- / 8.4
Production parameter / Units / Production parameter / Units
1. / Birth weight of piglets / 0.92 kg / Birth weight of piglets / 0.56 kg
2. / Weaning weight / 7.80 kg / Weaning weight / 5.20 kg
Table 2 : Economic analysis of technological options
Technology Assessed / Benefit Cost RatioTechnology option 1 (Cross breeding of desi pigs with Large White Yorkshire boar) / 1.92 :1
Technology option 2 (Breeding of desi sows with Desi boar) / 1.84: 1
The two technological options were also compared on the economic front (BCR) with the parameters gross cost, expenditure and net returns. The results implied that the Benefit cost ratio in the technology option 1, where cross breeding technology was employed using LWY boars was found to be 1.92 : 1 while the BCR in technology option 2 involving desi boar was found to be 1.84 : 1 .
Conclusion
To improve the productivity of desi pigs and to improve pork production, cross breeding technology using Large White Yorkshire boar is recommended for large scale adoption due to the factors like easy adoption,cost effectiveness and improved performance parameters like higher individual birth weight and weaning weight of piglets.
References
Arganosa, V.G., Gatmaitan,O.M., Villeta, M.O.,andHubilla, P.R.L. (1991). The performance of pureand crossbred sows. Asian-Australasian. J.Anim. Sci., 4(2) : 143-150.
Gopinathan, A and A.P. Usha.(2011). Comparitive evaluation of growth and carcass traits in large white Yorkshire, desi and their cross bred pigs.Indian J. of Anim. Res.,45(3) : 203 -206.
Pankaj Seth, Mahesh Chander, PrakashkumarRathodand DwaipayanBardhan.(2014). Diffusion of crossbreeding technology in piggery: A case of ‘T&D’ breed in Eastern region of India.African Journal of Agricultural Research. 9(3): 407-417.
Photographs
Fig 1. Cross breeding of desi pigs
Fig 2.Pig farmer involved in On farm trial
ARTICLE SUBMISSION CERTIFICATE
Manuscript Title : Cross breeding technological intervention for improving the
breedingand production performance of desi pigs
Manuscript type : Full length paper
Name(s) of the author(s): Dr.P. Kumaravel andDr. G. Senthilkumar
Name and address of
corresponding author :Dr. P. Kumaravel, Professor and Head
Dept. of Veterinary and A.H. Extension,
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai -600 007
Contact:9840113681
E-mail :,
I (we) affirm that:
1. The manuscript has been prepared in accordance with the latest “Instructions forauthors guidelines of Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan.
2. The article is original and has not been published previously, is not underconsideration for publication elsewhere, and if accepted, it will not be publishedelsewhere in the same for, in English or any other language. The submission of thearticle has the approval of the all the authors and the authorities of the host institutewhere work had been carried out.
3. All the authors have made substantive and intellectual contributions to the articleand assume full responsibility for all opinions, conclusions and statements expressedin the articles.
4. I (we) agree to abide by the comments of referees/editorial board and will modifythe article as per their recommendations for publication in Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan.
5. If the above article is published in Indian Journal of KrishiVigyan, the copyright ofthis article will vest with the Indian Society of KrishiVigyan, who will have the rightto enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad engaged inreprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information contained init, and neither we nor our legal heirs will have any claims on royalty.
Name of the author(s) Designation Present official address Signature with date
1. Dr. P.Kumaravel,Professor and Head,
Dept.of Veterinary and AH Extension
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7 /
09.09.2016
2. Dr. G. SenthilKumar,
AssiatantProfessor, Dept.of AH Economics
Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-7 /
09.09.2016
Names of three experts /reviewers (Not fromthe host organization/institute where the work had been carried out)
1. Dr. K. Ravaneswaran, Ph.D.
Professor
Fisheries Staff Training Institute
TNHB complex, II Floor
Ashok Nagar,
sChennai – 600 083
Tamil Nadu
2. Dr. N. Narmatha, Ph.D.
Professor and Head
Dept. of Veterinary and AH Extension
Veterinary College and Research Institute,
Namakkal – 637 002
Tamil Nadu
3. Dr. K. Veeraputhiran, Ph.D.
Professor and Head
Department of Fisheries Extension
Fisheries College and Research Institute
Thoothukudi– 628008
Tamil Nadu