Table1.Number of sequencing reads used in the analysis of urine metagenomic data
samples / # ofreads / samples / # ofreads / samples / # ofreadsHC_4635 / 27106 / PT_4145 / 18012 / DK53 / 7087
HC_4636 / 11940 / PT_4158 / 17661 / DK55 / 2137
HC_4648 / 10299 / PT_4184 / 19251 / DK56 / 7040
HC_4649 / 10444 / PT_4197 / 16235 / DK57 / 10966
HC_4665 / 15590 / PT_4201 / 19344 / DK58 / 12841
HC_4672 / 14243 / PT_4202 / 17787 / DK59 / 8394
HC_4688 / 10397 / PT_4211 / 13607 / DK60 / 12747
HC_4693 / 21747 / PT_4589 / 19756 / DK61 / 11058
HC_4694 / 23693 / PT_4650 / 2240 / DK62 / 2255
HC_4705 / 14385 / PT_4703 / 16274 / DK63 / 3375
HC_4710 / 19390 / PT_4745 / 16399 / DK64 / 7938
HC_4716 / 23626 / PT_4773 / 12298 / DK65 / 10715
HC_4727 / 19163 / PT_4789 / 19139 / DK66 / 6953
HC_4737 / 13564 / PT_4809 / 14140 / DK68 / 5726
HC_4743 / 20439 / PT_4832 / 16262 / DK69 / 2579
HC_4744 / 16809 / PT_4900 / 12654 / DK70 / 2392
HC_4746 / 14214 / PT_4947 / 16431 / DK71 / 3821
HC_4750 / 10340 / DK10 / 10254 / DK72 / 2869
HC_4754 / 16304 / DK11 / 16198 / DK73 / 8109
HC_4755 / 17636 / DK13 / 5471 / DK74 / 8150
HC_4761 / 14844 / DK14 / 18862 / DK75 / 9786
HC_4772 / 26160 / DK17 / 8864 / DK76 / 9910
HC_4777 / 13724 / DK19 / 8528 / DK77 / 5617
HC_4780 / 14538 / DK1 / 5376 / DK79 / 26424
HC_4782 / 15383 / DK20 / 5911 / DK81 / 8249
HC_4802 / 13696 / DK21 / 10337 / DK82 / 9710
HC_4805 / 16337 / DK25 / 7325 / DK84 / 9994
HC_4815 / 16640 / DK26 / 3346 / DK85 / 10335
HC_4816 / 11020 / DK28 / 6789 / DK86 / 5848
HC_4820 / 20026 / DK2 / 4775 / DK87 / 17359
HC_4822 / 15565 / DK30 / 4406 / DK90 / 14600
HC_4831 / 15008 / DK31 / 6625 / DK91 / 9533
HC_4836 / 19174 / DK32 / 6426 / DK92 / 12532
HC_4838 / 12573 / DK33 / 4988
HC_4840 / 14651 / DK34 / 8147
HC_4846 / 14206 / DK36 / 6672
HC_4847 / 16808 / DK37 / 7557
HC_4852 / 11071 / DK38 / 7399
HC_4856 / 13452 / DK39 / 6893
PT_3745 / 15903 / DK3 / 4353
PT_3754 / 18014 / DK40 / 59089
PT_3828 / 17182 / DK4 / 5819
PT_3853 / 17010 / DK5 / 4175
PT_3858 / 16332 / DK6 / 7227
PT_3863 / 10618 / DK7 / 7456
PT_3876 / 11346 / DK9 / 7437
PT_3915 / 12966 / DK41 / 45953
PT_3923 / 14563 / DK42 / 3810
PT_3949 / 19253 / DK43 / 9789
PT_4028 / 13905 / DK44 / 8203
PT_4036 / 13579 / DK45 / 5737
PT_4066 / 21651 / DK46 / 5124
PT_4075 / 25877 / DK47 / 7257
PT_4101 / 16963 / DK48 / 7639
PT_4108 / 28060 / DK49 / 3039
PT_4122 / 21434 / DK50 / 4289
PT_4133 / 14673 / DK51 / 6120
Table2.Phenotypic differences among pregnant women according to cluster of urine metagenomic data
Characteristics / ClassI(n=24) / ClassII (n=42) / p valueAge (median)
≤ 32 / 10 (41.7) / 28 (66.7) / 0.09
＞32 / 14 (58.3) / 14 (33.3)
Body massindex(median)
≤ 25.0 / 6 (75.0) / 3 (27.3) / 0.07
＞25.0 / 2 (25.0) / 8 (72.7)
Deliveryseason(month)
Summer (3-9) / 10 (41.7) / 8 (19.0) / 0.09
Winter (10-2) / 14 (58.3) / 34 (81.0)
Parity(median)
≤ 0 / 14 (58.3) / 27 (64.3) / 0.83
＞1 / 10 (41.7) / 15 (35.7)
Type delivery
vaginal / 17 (81.0) / 36 (85.7) / 0.73
Caesarean section / 4 (19.0) / 5 (12.2)
Pregnancy-complication†
Yes / 21 (87.5) / 40 (95.2) / 0.35
No / 3 (12.5) / 2 (4.8)
MaternalWBC (median)
≤ 9000 / 11(45.8) / 22 (52.4) / 0.80
9000 / 13 (54.2) / 20 (47.6)
Numerical data are presented as numbers with percentages.
†: gestational diabetes or pre-eclampsia.
Class I: cluster under the yellow bar of Figure 1.
Class II: cluster under the red bar of Figure 1.
Table3.Characteristics of subjects in the non-pregnant women according to clustering group
Characteristics / ClassIII(n=29) / ClassIV (n=42) / p valueAge / 28.14 ± 8.12 / 34.88 ± 13.92 / 0.012
BMI / 22.35 ± 3.77 / 21.89 ± 2.71 / 0.583
WBC / 6402.50 ± 2595.56 / 6221.76 ± 2314.31 / 0.862
Hb / 13.20 ± 0.98 / 13.10 ± 1.19 / 0.689
PLT / 219.88 ± 51.96 / 235.59 ± 32.08 / 0.360
AST / 16.64 ± 3.58 / 17.58 ± 3.32 / 0.274
ALT / 14.00 ± 6.46 / 14.58 ± 5.01 / 0.681
Totalcholesterol / 171.67 ± 23.27 / 173.83 ± 27.44 / 0.739
TG / 77.37 ± 28.18 / 95.82 ± 55.56 / 0.082
HDL / 62.48 ± 10.77 / 59.56 ± 12.96 / 0.340
FBS / 79.00 ± 6.78 / 80.90 ± 7.95 / 0.313
Cr / 0.61 ± 0.06 / 0.62 ± 0.07 / 0.886
Smoking (non/stop/active,%) / 81.5/7.4/11.1 / 92.7/2.4/4.9 / 0.365
Drinking(non/active,%) / 55.6/44.4 / 73.2/26.8 / 0.191
BMI: body mass index, WBC: white blood cell,Hb: hemoglobin, AST: aspartateaminotransaminase, ALT: alanine aminotransaminase, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, FBS: fasting blood sugar, Cr: creatinine.
Class III: cluster under the green bar in Figure 1.
Class IV: cluster under the blue bar in Figure 1.
Figure Legends
Figure 1. The composition of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in the urine of pregnant women (the red bar under each plot) and non-pregnantwomen (the blue bar) at the level of the phylum, order, class, and family.
Figure 2. The composition of bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles in the urine of women who had normal (green bar) and preterm (purple bar) delivery at the phylum, order, class, and family levels.