Table S3. Genbank accession numbers for sequences used in the study.

Taxa / 18S / 28S / Wingless / Pol II / Opsin / Nak / ef1a
Ancyla asiatica / GU244590 / GU244752 / GU245509 / GU245351 / GU245234 / GU245056 / GU244912
Ancyla anatolica / GU244591 / GU244753 / GU245510 / GU245352 / GU245235 / GU245057 / GU244913
Pachymelus peringueyi / AY995685 / AY654544 / GU245514 / AY945151 / DQ116678 / GU245061 / AY585114
Anthophora urbana / GU244593 / GU244755 / GU245512 / GU245354 / AF344585 / GU245059 / GU244915
Amegilla asserta / GU244594 / GU244756 / GU245513 / GU245355 / GU245237 / GU245060 / GU244916
Habropoda laboriosa / GU244592 / GU244754 / GU245511 / GU245353 / GU245236 / GU245058 / GU244914
Deltoptila aurulentocaudata / GU244595 / GU244757 / GU245515 / GU245356 / GU245238 / GU245062 / GU244917
Apis cerana / HM750231 / HM750244 / EU184716 / EU184733 / EU184839 / EU184750 / EU184774
Apis dorsata / HM750230 / HM750243 / EU184715 / EU184732 / AY267162 / EU184749 / AY267146
Apis florea / HM750229 / HM750242 / EU184714 / EU184731 / EU184838 / EU184748 / EU184773
Bombus ardens / HM750224 / HM750237 / EU184707 / EU184724 / AF493031 / EU184741 / AF492964
Bombus diversus / HM750223 / HM750236 / EU184708 / EU184725 / AF493028 / EU184742 / AF492961
Bombus mendax / HM750222 / HM750235 / EU184709 / EU184726 / AF493024 / EU184743 / AF492957
Centris atripes / GU244596 / GU244764 / GU245522 / GU245363 / GU245239 / GU245069 / AY362993
Centris hoffmanseggiae / GU244597 / GU244765 / GU245523 / GU245364 / AF344590 / GU245070 / GU244918
Centris analis / GU244598 / GU244758 / GU245516 / GU245357 / GU245240 / GU245063 / GU244919
Centris dimidiata / GU244601 / GU244761 / GU245519 / GU245360 / GU245243 / GU245066 / GU244922
Centris longimana / GU244602 / GU244762 / GU245520 / GU245361 / GU245244 / GU245067 / GU244923
Centris decolorata / GU244603 / GU244763 / GU245521 / GU245362 / GU245245 / GU245068 / GU244924
Epicharis analis / GU244599 / GU244759 / GU245517 / GU245358 / GU245241 / GU245064 / GU244920
Epicharis sp. / GU244600 / GU244760 / GU245518 / GU245359 / GU245242 / GU245065 / GU244921
Ctenoplectra albolimbata / AY995681 / AY654538 / GU245526 / AY945111 / DQ116677 / GU245073 / AY585118
Ctenoplectra bequaerti / GU244605 / GU244767 / GU245525 / GU245366 / GU245247 / GU245072 / GU244926
Ctenoplectrina sp. / GU244604 / GU244766 / GU245524 / GU245365 / GU245246 / GU245071 / GU244925
Diadasia bituberculata / GU244606 / GU244768 / GU245527 / GU245367 / AF344594 / GU245074 / GU244927
Ptilothrix sp. / GU244607 / GU244769 / GU245528 / GU245368 / AF344630 / GU245075 / GU244928
Diadasina distincta / GU244608 / GU244770 / GU245529 / GU245369 / GU245248 / GU245076 / GU244929
Alepidosceles sp. / GU244610 / GU244772 / GU245531 / GU245371 / GU245250 / GU245078 / GU244931
Meliphilopsis sp. / GU244611 / GU244773 / GU245532 / GU245372 / GU245251 / GU245079 / GU244932
Ancyloscelis sp. / GU244612 / GU244774 / GU245533 / GU245373 / GU245252 / GU245080 / GU244933
Ancyloscelis sp. / GU244609 / GU244771 / GU245530 / GU245370 / GU245249 / GU245077 / GU244930
Melitoma sp. / GU244613 / GU244775 / GU245534 / GU245374 / GU245253 / GU245081 / GU244934
Ericrocis lata / GU244615 / GU244777 / GU245536 / GU245376 / GU245255 / GU245083 / GU244936
Epiclopus gayi / GU244614 / GU244776 / GU245535 / GU245375 / GU245254 / GU245082 / GU244935
Mesonychium asteria / GU244616 / GU244778 / GU245537 / GU245377 / GU245256 / GU245084 / GU244937
Mesoplia rufipes / GU244617 / GU244779 / GU245538 / GU245378 / GU245257 / GU245085 / GU244938
Hopliphora velutina / GU244618 / GU244780 / GU245539 / GU245379 / GU245258 / GU245086 / GU244939
Mesocheira bicolor / GU244619 / GU244781 / GU245540 / GU245380 / GU245259 / GU245087 / GU244940
Ctenioschelus goryi / GU244620 / GU244782 / GU245541 / GU245381 / GU245260 / GU245088 / GU244941
Melissodes desponsa / GU244625 / GU244785 / GU245546 / GU245384 / AF344603 / GU245093 / GU244942
Eucera frater / GU244626 / GU244786 / GU245547 / GU245385 / GU245232 / GU245094 / NA*
Xenoglossa angustior / GU244627 / GU244787 / GU245548 / GU245386 / GU245233 / GU245095 / NA
Svastra obliqua / GU244628 / GU244788 / GU245549 / GU245387 / AF344632 / GU245096 / NA
Tetralonia cinctula / GU244621 / DQ072157 / GU245542 / AY945205 / GU245229 / GU245089 / NA
Martinapis luteicornis / GU244622 / DQ072147 / GU245543 / DQ069333 / GU245230 / GU245090 / NA
Peponapis pruinosa / GU244623 / GU244783 / GU245544 / GU245382 / GU245261 / GU245091 / NA
Svastrides melanura / GU244624 / GU244784 / GU245545 / GU245383 / GU245262 / GU245092 / NA
Melissoptila sp. / GU244629 / GU244789 / GU245550 / GU245388 / GU245263 / GU245097 / NA
Thygater sp. / GU244630 / GU244790 / GU245551 / GU245389 / GU245264 / GU245098 / NA
Florilegus sp. / GU244631 / GU244791 / GU245552 / GU245390 / GU245265 / GU245099 / GU244943
Svastrina subapicalis / GU244632 / GU244792 / GU245553 / GU245391 / GU245266 / GU245100 / NA
Tetraloniella glauca / GU244633 / GU244793 / GU245554 / GU245392 / GU245267 / GU245101 / NA
Eulaema meriana / GU244635 / GU244795 / GU245556 / GU245394 / GU245269 / GU245103 / GU244945
Euglossa piliventris / GU244636 / GU244796 / GU245557 / GU245395 / GU245270 / GU245104 / GU244946
Euglossa imperialis / HM750219 / HM750232 / EU184704 / EU184721 / AY267160 / EU184738 / AY267144
Aglae caerulea / GU244637 / GU244797 / GU245558 / GU245396 / GU245271 / GU245105 / NA
Eufriesea surinamensis / GU244638 / GU244798 / GU245559 / GU245397 / GU245272 / GU245106 / GU244947
Eufriesea pulchra / HM750221 / HM750234 / EU184706 / EU184723 / EU184834 / EU184740 / EU184769
Exaerete frontalis / HM750220 / HM750233 / EU184705 / EU184722 / AY267159 / EU184739 / AY267143
Exaerete sp. / GU244634 / GU244794 / GU245555 / GU245393 / GU245268 / GU245102 / GU244944
Anthophorula completa / GU244639 / GU244799 / GU245560 / GU245398 / AF344622 / GU245107 / GU244948
Anthophorula (Isomalopsis) sp. / GU244640 / GU244800 / GU245561 / GU245399 / GU245273 / GU245108 / GU244949
Anthophorula (Isomalopsis) sp. / GU244641 / GU244801 / GU245562 / GU245400 / GU245274 / GU245109 / GU244950
Exomalopsis sp. / GU244642 / GU244802 / GU245563 / GU245401 / HM211835 / GU245110 / GU244989
Isepeolus cortesi / GU244643 / GU244803 / GU245564 / GU245402 / GU245275 / GU245111 / GU244951
Isepeolus atripilis / GU244644 / GU244804 / GU245565 / GU245403 / GU245276 / GU245112 / GU244952
Isepeolus luctuosus / GU244645 / GU244805 / GU245566 / GU245404 / GU245277 / GU245113 / GU244953
Isepeolus wagenknechti / GU244646 / GU244806 / GU245567 / GU245405 / GU245278 / GU245114 / GU244954
Melectoides bellus / GU244647 / GU244807 / GU245568 / GU245406 / HM211836 / GU245115 / GU244999
Thyreus delumbatus / AY995687 / AY654546 / GU245571 / AY945169 / DQ116679 / GU245118 / AY585119
Zacosmia maculata / AY995689 / AY654548 / GU245570 / AY945176 / AF344637 / GU245117 / AY585117
Xeromelecta californica / GU244648 / GU244808 / GU245569 / GU245407 / AF344613 / GU245116 / GU244955
Tetralonioidella sp. / GU244649 / GU244809 / GU245572 / GU245408 / GU245279 / GU245119 / GU244956
Melecta albifrons / GU244650 / GU244810 / GU245573 / GU245409 / HM211837 / GU245120 / GU244998
Melipona sp. / GU244653 / GU244813 / GU245576 / GU245410 / AF344607 / GU245123 / GU244959
Tetragonula carbonaria / GU244654 / GU244814 / GU245577 / GU245411 / GU245282 / GU245124 / GU244960
Axestotrigona ferruginea / GU244652 / GU244812 / GU245575 / AY945192 / GU245281 / GU245122 / GU244958
Axestotrigona ferruginea / GU244655 / GU244815 / GU245578 / GU245412 / GU245283 / GU245125 / GU244961
Plebeina hildebrandti / GU244656 / GU244816 / GU245579 / GU245413 / GU245284 / GU245126 / GU244962
Hypotrigona gribodoi / GU244651 / GU244811 / GU245574 / AY945189 / GU245280 / GU245121 / GU244957
Scaptotrigona hellwegeri / GU244657 / GU244817 / GU245580 / GU245414 / GU245285 / GU245127 / GU244963
Lestrimelitta sp. / GU244658 / GU244818 / GU245581 / GU245415 / GU245286 / GU245128 / GU244964
Scaura latitarsis / HM750228 / HM750241 / EU184713 / EU184730 / EU184837 / EU184747 / EU184772
Trigona fuscipennis / HM750225 / HM750238 / EU184710 / EU184727 / EU184835 / EU184744 / EU184770
Cephalotrigona capitata / HM750226 / HM750239 / EU184711 / EU184728 / EU184836 / EU184745 / EU184771
Meliponula bocandei / HM750227 / HM750240 / EU184712 / EU184729 / AY267161 / EU184746 / AY267145
Epeoloides pilosula / GU244659 / GU244819 / GU245582 / GU245416 / GU245287 / GU245129 / GU244966
Epeoloides coecutiens / GU244661 / GU244821 / GU245584 / GU245418 / HM211838 / GU245131 / GU244987
Parepeolus aterrimus / GU244660 / GU244820 / GU245583 / GU245417 / GU245288 / GU245130 / GU244967
Osiris sp. / GU244662 / GU244822 / GU245585 / GU245419 / HM211839 / GU245132 / GU245033
Leiopodus singularis / AY995684 / AY654542 / GU245586 / AY945137 / AF344624 / GU245133 / AY585113
Leiopodus sp. / GU244663 / GU244823 / GU245587 / GU245420 / GU245289 / GU245134 / GU244968
Leiopodus abnormis / GU244664 / GU244824 / GU245588 / GU245421 / GU245290 / GU245135 / GU244969
Leiopodus trochantericus / GU244665 / GU244825 / GU245589 / GU245422 / GU245291 / GU245136 / GU244970
Rhathymus sp. / GU244666 / GU244826 / GU245590 / GU245423 / GU245292 / GU245137 / GU244971
Rhathymus unicolor / GU244668 / GU244828 / GU245592 / GU245425 / GU245294 / GU245139 / GU244973
Nanorhathymus sp. / GU244667 / GU244827 / GU245591 / GU245424 / GU245293 / GU245138 / GU244972
Caenonomada sp. / GU244669 / GU244829 / GU245593 / GU245426 / GU245295 / GU245140 / GU244974
Paratetrapedia sp. / GU244670 / GU244830 / GU245594 / GU245427 / GU245296 / GU245141 / GU244975
Tapinotaspoides sp. / GU244672 / GU244832 / GU245596 / GU245429 / GU245298 / GU245143 / GU244977
Arhysoceble picta / GU244671 / GU244831 / GU245595 / GU245428 / GU245297 / GU245142 / GU244976
Arhysoceble sp. / GU244673 / GU244833 / GU245597 / GU245430 / GU245299 / GU245144 / GU244978
Tetrapedia maura / GU244674 / GU244834 / GU245598 / GU245431 / GU245300 / GU245145 / GU244979
Tetrapedia (Lagobata) sp. / GU244676 / GU244836 / GU245600 / GU245433 / GU245302 / GU245147 / GU244991
Tetrapedia (Tetrapedia) sp. / GU244677 / GU244837 / GU245601 / GU245434 / HM211840 / GU245148 / GU24503
Coelioxoides sp. / GU244675 / GU244835 / GU245599 / GU245432 / GU245301 / GU245146 / GU244980
Coelioxoides waltheriae / GU244678 / GU244838 / GU245602 / GU245435 / GU245303 / GU245149 / GU244986
Oreopasites barbarae / GU244703 / GU244863 / GU245632 / GU245460 / AF344626 / GU245176 / GU245008
Sphecodopsis capensis / GU244704 / GU244864 / GU245633 / GU245461 / GU245317 / GU245177 / GU245009
Ammobates sp. / GU244705 / GU244865 / GU245634 / GU245462 / GU245318 / GU245178 / GU245010
Ammobates punctatus / GU244706 / GU244866 / GU245635 / GU245463 / HM211841 / GU245179 / GU245011
Pasites maculatus / GU244707 / GU244867 / GU245636 / GU245464 / HM211842 / GU245180 / GU245035
Holcopasites ruthae / AY995683 / AY654540 / GU245637 / AY945154 / AF344602 / GU245181 / AY585112
Holcopasites calliopsidis / GU244708 / GU244868 / GU245638 / GU245465 / AF344600 / GU245182 / GU245012
Holcopasites arizonicus / GU244709 / GU244869 / GU245639 / GU245466 / GU245319 / GU245183 / GU245013
Holcopasites insoletus / GU244710 / GU244870 / GU245640 / GU245467 / GU245320 / GU245184 / GU245014
Holcopasites stevensi / GU244712 / GU244872 / GU245642 / GU245469 / GU245321 / GU245186 / GU245015
Holcopasites minimus / GU244713 / GU244873 / GU245643 / GU245470 / GU245322 / GU245187 / GU245016
Ammobatoides luctuosus / GU244711 / GU244871 / GU245641 / GU245468 / HM211843 / GU245185 / GU244965
Neopasites cressoni / GU244714 / GU244874 / GU245644 / GU245471 / GU245323 / GU245188 / GU245017
Biastes truncatus / GU244715 / GU244875 / GU245645 / GU245472 / HM211844 / GU245189 / GU244981
Paranomada velutina / AY995686 / AY654545 / GU245646 / AY945154 / AF344627 / GU245190 / AY585115
Triopasites penniger / GU244716 / GU244876 / GU245647 / GU245473 / AF344633 / GU245191 / GU245018
Brachynomada margaretae / GU244718 / GU244878 / GU245649 / GU245475 / GU245324 / GU245193 / GU245019
Brachynomada sp. / GU244717 / GU244877 / GU245648 / GU245474 / HM211845 / GU245192 / GU244982
Caenoprosopina holmbergi / GU244719 / GU244879 / GU245650 / GU245476 / GU245325 / GU245194 / GU244983
Caenoprosopis crabronina / GU244720 / GU244880 / GU245651 / GU245477 / GU245326 / GU245195 / GU245020
Triepeolus robustus / AY995688 / AY654547 / GU245654 / AY945170 / AF344634 / GU245198 / GU245023
Epeolus scutellaris / GU244722 / GU244882 / GU245653 / GU245479 / AF344596 / GU245197 / GU245022
Epeolus variegatus / GU244727 / GU244887 / GU245659 / GU245484 / HM211846 / GU245203 / GU244988
Epeolus sp. / GU244725 / GU244885 / GU245657 / GU245482 / GU245330 / GU245201 / GU245026
Odyneropsis sp. / GU244721 / GU244881 / GU245652 / GU245478 / GU245327 / GU245196 / GU245021
Thalestria spinosa / GU244723 / GU244883 / GU245655 / GU245480 / GU245328 / GU245199 / GU245024
Doeringiella sp. / GU244724 / GU244884 / GU245656 / GU245481 / GU245329 / GU245200 / GU245025
Rhinepeolus rufiventris / GU244726 / GU244886 / GU245658 / GU245483 / GU245331 / GU245202 / GU245027
Hexepeolus rhodogyne / GU244728 / GU244888 / GU245660 / GU245485 / GU245332 / GU245204 / GU245028
Neolarra orbiculata / GU244729 / GU244889 / GU245661 / GU245486 / GU245333 / GU245205 / GU245029
Nomada maculata / GU244730 / GU244890 / GU245662 / GU245487 / AF344609 / GU245206 / GU245030
Nomada signata / GU244731 / GU244891 / GU245663 / GU245488 / HM211847 / GU245207 / GU245031
Townsendiella sp. / GU244732 / GU244892 / GU245664 / GU245489 / GU245334 / GU245208 / GU245032
Exoneura bicolor / GU244736 / GU244896 / GU245668 / GU245493 / GU245337 / GU245212 / GU245041
Braunsapis madecassella / GU244733 / GU244893 / GU245665 / GU245490 / GU245231 / GU245209 / GU245038
Compsomelissa keiseri / GU244734 / GU244894 / GU245666 / GU245491 / GU245335 / GU245210 / GU245039
Macrogalea ellioti / GU244735 / GU244895 / GU245667 / GU245492 / GU245336 / GU245211 / GU245040
Ceratina calcarata / AY995679 / AY654535 / GU245669 / AY945099 / AF344620 / GU245213 / AY585108
Ceratina (Crewella) sp. / GU244737 / GU244897 / GU245670 / GU245494 / GU245338 / GU245214 / GU245042
Ceratina (Simioceratina) sp. / GU244738 / GU244898 / GU245671 / GU245495 / GU245339 / GU245215 / GU245043
Ceratina (Ceratinula) sp. / GU244739 / GU244899 / GU245672 / GU245496 / GU245340 / GU245216 / GU245044
Ceratina (Xanthoceratina) sp. / GU244740 / GU244900 / GU245673 / GU245497 / GU245341 / GU245217 / GU245045
Ceratina cyanea / GU244741 / GU244901 / GU245674 / GU245498 / HM211848 / GU245218 / GU244984
Manuelia gayatina / GU244742 / GU244902 / GU245675 / GU245499 / GU245342 / GU245219 / GU245046
Xylocopa tabaniformis / GU244744 / GU244904 / GU245677 / GU245501 / AF344614 / GU245221 / GU245048
Xylocopa virginica / GU244743 / GU244903 / GU245676 / GU245500 / GU245343 / GU245220 / GU245047
Xylocopa muscaria / GU244745 / GU244905 / GU245678 / GU245502 / GU245344 / GU245222 / GU245049
Xylocopa iris / GU244746 / GU244906 / GU245679 / GU245503 / GU245345 / GU245223 / GU245050
Xylocopa (Proxylocopa) sp. / GU244747 / GU244907 / GU245680 / GU245504 / GU245346 / GU245224 / GU245051
Xylocopa pubescens / GU244748 / GU244908 / GU245681 / GU245505 / GU245347 / GU245225 / GU245052
Xylocopa violacea / GU244749 / GU244909 / GU245682 / GU245506 / GU245348 / GU245226 / GU245055
Xylocopa fimbriata / GU244750 / GU244910 / GU245683 / GU245507 / GU245349 / GU245227 / GU245053
Xylocopa californica arizonensis / GU244751 / GU244911 / GU245684 / GU245508 / GU245350 / GU245228 / GU245054
Fidelia major / AY995692 / AY654539 / GU245606 / AY945119 / EU851628 / GU245152 / AY363024
Neofidelia profuga / GU244680 / GU244840 / GU245605 / GU245437 / GU245305 / GU245151 / GU244990
Pararhophites quadratus / GU244681 / GU244841 / GU245607 / GU245438 / GU245306 / GU245153 / GU245034
Paranthidium jugatorium / GU244684 / GU244844 / GU245610 / GU245441 / AF344611 / GU245156 / GU244994
Anthidiellum notatum / GU244685 / GU244845 / GU245611 / GU245442 / AF344617 / GU245157 / GU244995
Anthidium porterae / GU244686 / GU244846 / GU245612 / GU245443 / AF344619 / GU245158 / GU244996
Trachusa larreae / GU244682 / GU244842 / GU245608 / GU245439 / GU245307 / GU245154 / GU244992
Dianthidium subparvum / GU244683 / GU244843 / GU245609 / GU245440 / GU245308 / GU245155 / GU244993
Stelis linsleyi / GU244690 / GU244850 / GU245617 / GU245447 / GU245312 / GU245162 / GU245002
Dioxys pomonae / GU244687 / GU244847 / GU245613 / GU245444 / GU245309 / GU245159 / GU244997
Lithurgus echinocacti / AY995694 / AY654541 / GU245615 / AY945136 / DQ116702 / EF646390 / AY363026
Trichothurgus herbsti / GU244688 / GU244848 / GU245614 / GU245445 / GU245310 / GU245160 / GU245000
Microthurge sp. / GU244689 / GU244849 / GU245616 / GU245446 / GU245311 / GU245161 / GU245001
Coelioxys alternata / GU244692 / GU244852 / GU245619 / GU245449 / AF344591 / GU245164 / GU245004
Megachile angelarum / GU244691 / GU244851 / GU245618 / GU245448 / GU245313 / GU245163 / GU245003
Megachile ericetorum / GU244693 / GU244853 / GU245620 / GU245450 / HM211849 / GU245165 / GU244985
Protosmia rubifloris / GU244701 / GU244861 / GU245630 / GU245458 / EU851724 / GU245174 / EU851619
Hoplitis albifrons / GU244702 / GU244862 / GU245631 / GU245459 / AF344598 / GU245175 / EU851577
Heriades crucifer / GU244695 / GU244855 / GU245624 / GU245452 / EU851661 / GU245168 / EU851555
Osmia lignaria / GU244696 / GU244856 / GU245625 / GU245453 / EU851715 / GU245169 / EU851610
Chelostoma californicum / GU244697 / GU244857 / GU245626 / GU245454 / GU245315 / GU245170 / GU245006
Ashmeadiella aridula / GU244698 / GU244858 / GU245627 / GU245455 / EU851641 / GU245171 / EU851535
Hoplosmia scutellaris / GU244699 / GU244859 / GU245628 / GU245456 / EU851693 / GU245172 / EU851587
Afroheriades hyalinus / GU244700 / GU244860 / GU245629 / GU245457 / GU245316 / GU245173 / GU245007
Dasypoda argentata / AY995660 / AY654518 / GU245603 / AY945112 / DQ116680 / EF646418 / AY585148
Hesperapis larreae / AY995664 / AY654521 / AY222552 / AY945121 / EF416862 / EF646410 / AY230131
Promelitta alboclypeata / GU244679 / GU244839 / GU245604 / GU245436 / GU245304 / GU245150 / GU245036
Meganomia binghami / AY995674 / AY654528 / GU245623 / AY945144 / DQ116689 / EF646406 / DQ141114
Macropis nuda / AY995670 / AY654454 / GU245621 / AY945139 / DQ116686 / GU245166 / AY585155
Melitta arrogans / GU244694 / GU244854 / GU245622 / GU245451 / GU245314 / GU245167 / GU245005

*NA indicates that no sequence is available