Table S1. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formed by F. prausnitzii strains alone and in mixed culture (YcFA medium supplemented with 0.5% pectin at 3 pH values).

Initial pH 6.12 / SCFA (mM)
Culture(s) / Formate / Acetate / Propion. / Butyrate / Lactate / Succinate
S3L/3 only / 2.4±0.2 / -9.6±0.5 / 12.8±0.1 / 0.6±0.0
A2-165 only / 5.6±0.3 / -6.5±1.7 / 9.8±0.4
DSM3376 only / 10.8±0.6 / 13.4±3.0 / 3.7±0.5
B5482 only / 0.8±0.4 / 3.0±1.1 / 8.2±0.3
S3L/3+B5482 / 1.9±0.2 / -4.4±1.1 / 1.7±1.6 / 11.7±1.6 / 3.5±0.5
A2-165+B5482 / 3.7±0.4 / 3.3±2.9 / 1.4±0.6 / 6.4±0.5 / 5.3±0.7
3376+B5482 / 9.5±0.3 / 14.1±1.7 / 4.3±1.5 / 1.4±0.1
S3L/3+3376 / 8.4±0.1 / 2.8±1.2 / 10.9±0.9 / 2.3±0.2
A2-165+3376 / 9.6±0.3 / 6.1±2.0 / 8.0±0.6 / 2.5±0.8
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 8.2±0.1 / 5.0±1.1 / 11.8±1.0 / 2.2±0.4 / 1.4±0.0
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 9.6±0.4 / 7.6±1.9 / 8.0±0.3 / 2.5±0.2 / 1.3±0.1
Initial pH 6.45 / SCFA (mM)
Culture(s) / Formate / Acetate / Propion. / Butyrate / Lactate / Succinate
S3L/3 only / 4.4±1.0 / -6.9±3.7 / 13.6±0.5
A2-165 only / 9.6±0.2 / -0.6±0.7 / 10.1±0.3
DSM3376 only / 17.4±1.7 / 16.3±5.5 / 1.7±0.1
B5482 only / 0.9±0.1 / 16.4±1.1 / 3.5±0.1 / 11.2±0.3
S3L/3+B5482 / 2.6±0.4 / 3.2±3.4 / 2.1±0.4 / 10.4±0.4 / 6.1±0.4
A2-165+B5482 / 3.7±0.2 / 7.2±0.3 / 2.0±0.1 / 6.3±0.1 / 7.6±0.0
3376+B5482 / 17.6±0.4 / 24.1±1.2 / 0.2±0.1 / 1.1±0.1 / 4.3±0.2
S3L/3+3376 / 16.0±0.3 / 12.2±0.8 / 11.8±0.3 / 1.4±0.0
A2-165+3376 / 17.5±1.1 / 13.2±3.3 / 7.8±0.4 / 1.1±0.2
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 12.8±0.1 / 8.9±0.4 / 11.9±0.3 / 1.1±0.0 / 2.9±0.1
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 14.8±1.4 / 11.7±5.2 / 6.9±1.0 / 0.9±0.3 / 3.1±0.1
Initial pH 6.79 / SCFA (mM)
Culture(s) / Formate / Acetate / Propion. / Butyrate / Lactate / Succinate
S3L/3 only / 5.0±0.1 / -3.7±0.5 / 13.2±0.5
A2-165 only / 10.3±0.7 / 1.1±2.8 / 8.7±0.3 / 0.4±0.4
DSM3376 only / 21.5±0.3 / 24.9±0.9 / 0.8±0.0
B5482 only / 1.0±0.4 / 17.9±2.6 / 4.2±1.2 / 0.7±0.1 / 9.9±1.1
S3L/3+B5482 / 3.2±0.3 / 14.7±1.1 / 2.7±0.5 / 9.8±0.6 / 0.3±0.4 / 7.0±0.2
A2-165+B5482 / 5.4±0.2 / 16.6±2.7 / 2.8±0.7 / 6.2±0.2 / 7.8±0.6
3376+B5482 / 15.5±0.6 / 24.4±1.5 / 2.3±0.2 / 7.7±0.1
S3L/3+3376 / 12.8±2.3 / 2.6±7.0 / 8.5±1.5 / 0.6±0.5
A2-165+3376 / 20.0±1.5 / 19.3±4.2 / 6.9±0.5 / 0.7±0.1
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 13.1±2.2 / 9.7±3.4 / 8.3±2.3 / 2.5±2.2
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 11.7±2.7 / 9.4±2.9 / 6.2±1.1 / 3.7±0.7

Table S2. Pectin (total sugar) utilization, growth and final pH for the experiments shown in Table S1 and Figure 5 (main paper)

Initial pH 6.12 / Pectin used
(%) / Final OD650 / Final pH / Counts (×107/ml)
Strain(s) / F. prausnitzii
S3L/3 only / 47.0±5.3 / 0.69±0.17 / 6.05±0.04 / 16.2±0.9
A2-165 only / 46.8±4.2 / 0.70±0.02 / 5.80±0.02 / 10.6±2.1
DSM3376 only / 58.9±5.9 / 0.76±0.02 / 5.20±0.02
B5482 only / 47.5±4.8 / 0.76±0.00 / 5.44±0.01
S3L/3+B5482 / 57.8±4.7 / 1.01±0.00 / 5.79±0.02 / 24.7±0.1
A2-165+B5482 / 47.9±11.6 / 0.87±0.01 / 5.54±0.02 / 12.0±0.6
3376+B5482 / 60.0±2.1 / 0.81±0.02 / 5.18±0.01
S3L/3+3376 / 70.0±2.2 / 0.98±0.01 / 5.44±0.02 / 18.9±1.3
A2-165+3376 / 64.8±1.2 / 0.92±0.02 / 5.37±0.02 / 16.4±0.3
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 66.2±3.8 / 1.09±0.01 / 5.46±0.03 / 17.7±0.3
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 64.1±4.2 / 1.05±0.01 / 5.33±0.01 / 18.9±1.4
Initial pH 6.45 / Pectin used (%) / Final OD650 / Final pH / Counts (×107/ml)
Strain(s) / F. prauznitzii
S3L/3 only / 43.5±4.1 / 0.75±0.01 / 6.26±0.04 / 16.4±7.0
A2-165 only / 40.4±6.1 / 0.76±0.01 / 6.15±0.03 / 8.8±1.4
DSM3376 only / 69.4±7.7 / 0.93±0.02 / 5.61±0.02
B5482 only / 80.6±7.4 / 1.26±0.01 / 5.73±0.01
S3L/3+B5482 / 70.6±3.4 / 1.23±0.02 / 5.96±0.01 / 24.1±1.7
A2-165+B5482 / 70.0±2.1 / 1.18±0.02 / 5.86±0.03 / 16.6±2.0
3376+B5482 / 60.7±4.8 / 1.13±0.04 / 5.48±0.03
S3L/3+3376 / 63.0±1.4 / 1.14±0.01 / 5.85±0.03 / 9.4±0.6
A2-165+3376 / 74.7±9.5 / 1.07±0.01 / 5.73±0.02 / 3.9±0.0
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 77.3±2.8 / 1.24±0.02 / 5.79±0.03 / 18.5±1.6
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 76.4±7.1 / 1.17±0.02 / 5.64±0.03 / 6.4±1.3
Initial pH 6.79 / Pectin used
(%) / Final OD650 / Final pH / Counts (×107/ml)
Strain(s) / F. prausnitzii
S3L/3 only / 44.3±5.3 / 0.70±0.04 / 6.64±0.04 / 14.5±0.8
A2-165 only / 38.3±5.9 / 0.75±0.03 / 6.67±0.08 / 10.1±2.2
DSM3376 only / 63.7±1.9 / 0.89±0.01 / 6.22±0.03
B5482 only / 84.8±2.3 / 1.24±0.00 / 6.36±0.05
S3L/3+B5482 / 83.3±6.3 / 1.25±0.01 / 6.45±0.04 / 8.5±1.3
A2-165+B5482 / 85.4±2.8 / 1.18±0.00 / 6.38±0.06 / 8.8±2.4
3376+B5482 / 83.9±3.7 / 1.30±0.02 / 5.96±0.05
S3L/3+3376 / 65.8±2.9 / 1.09±0.02 / 6.26±0.02 / 3.3±0.1
A2-165+3376 / 65.7±3.4 / 0.99±0.02 / 6.18±0.09 / 7.7±2.5
S3L/3+B5482+3376 / 76.8±3.1 / 1.24±0.03 / 6.16±0.05 / 5.1±3.3
A2-165+B5482+3376 / 78.4±4.2 / 1.21±0.01 / 6.07±0.04 / 4.4±1.5

Legend

Figure S1. Hierarchical cluster of RAPD-PCR fingerprints of F. prausnitzii isolates by using Gelcompar II. Four phylogroup I ( ) and six phylogroup II (¡) isolates have been selected for further phenotypical characterisation. Similarity values are shown at branching points (Similarity coefficient: Different bands; Dendogram type: UPGMA; Tolerance: 1%).

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