Syllabus Andscheme Ofexamination

Syllabus andScheme ofExamination

for

B.Sc.(Honors) Chemistry IIndyear

(SEMESTER SYSTEM)

2016-17, 2017-18 & 2018-19 Session

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY,

PATIALA – 147 002

Choice Based Credit System

SCHEME

B.Sc. CHEMISTRY (HONORS) PART-II (III & IV SEMESTER)

SEMESTER III

SEMESTER-III

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CH301:INORGANICCHEMISTRY-II

(Credits:04)

Max Marks : 7560 hours

1. Semester paper 60Time allowed - 3 hrs

ii. Internal Assesments 15Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections : A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 10 marks each. Section C will consist of 10 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions (Section C 9th question being compulsory) selecting two questions from each of A and B sections.

SECTION - A

Chemistry of s and p Block Elements:

Inert pair effect, Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behaviour of first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Complex formation tendency of s and p block elements. Hydrides and their classification ionic, covalent and interstitial. Basic beryllium acetate and nitrate. Study of the following compounds with emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses. Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds, silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine. Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens and basic properties of halogens.

(30 Lectures)

SECTION - B

General Principles of Metallurgy

Chief modes of occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon and carbon monoxide as reducing agent. Electrolytic Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic Kroll process, Parting process, van Arkel - de Boer process and Mond’s process, Zone refining.

(6 Lectures)

Acids and Bases:

Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated proton, relative strength of acids,types of acid -base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid -base concept, Classification of Lewis acids, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Application of HSAB principle.

(8 Lectures)

Noble Gases:

Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, Clathrates; preparation and properties of XeF2 , XeF4and XeF6; Nature of bonding in noble gas compounds (Valence bond treatment and MO treatment for XeF2). Molecular shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory).

(8 Lectures)

Inorganic Polymers:

Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes, andpolysulphates.

(8 Lectures)

Reference Books:

• Lee, J.D. Concise Inorganic Chemistry , ELBS, 1991.

• Douglas, B.E; Mc Daniel, D.H. & Alexander, J.J. Concepts & Models of Inorganic

Chemistry 3rdEd., John Wiley Sons, N.Y. 1994.

• Greenwood, N.N. & Earnshaw. Chemistry of the Elements Butterworth -Heinemann.

1997.

• Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, VCH, 1999.

• Miessler, G. L. & Donald, A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed., Pearson, 2010.

• Shriver & Atkins , Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed.

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CH302:ORGANICCHEMISTRY-II

(Credits:04)

Max Marks : 7560 hours

1. Semester paper 60Time allowed - 3 hrs

ii. Internal Assesments 15Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections : A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 10 marks each. Section C will consist of 10 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions (Section C 9th question being compulsory) selecting two questions from each of A and B sections.

Section-A

Chemistry of Halogenated Hydrocarbons:

Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2 andSNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic substitutionvs. elimination.

Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts. nucleophilic aromaticsubstitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism.Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li – Use in synthesis of organic compounds.

(16 Lectures)

Alcohols, Phenols,Ethers and Epoxides:

Alcohols:

preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3°alcohols, Bouvaelt -Blanc

Reduction; Preparation and properties of glycols: Oxidation by periodic acid and lead

tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement;

Phenols:

Preparation and properties; Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitution

reactio ns, Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen

rearrangements with mechanism.

Ethers and Epoxides:

Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides with alcohols, ammonia derivatives and LiAlH4

(14 Lectures)

Section-B

Carbonyl Compounds:

Structure, reactivity and preparation;Nucleophilic additions, Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with ammoniaderivatives with mechanism; Mechanisms of Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisan-Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Beckmann and Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangements, haloform reaction and Baeyer Villiger oxidation, α -substitution reactions, oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV, PDC and PGC); Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds: Michael addition. Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.

(16 Lectures)

Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives:

Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical reactions of

dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids: succinic/phthalic, lactic, malic,

tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids; Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides; Comparative study of nucleophilic sustitution at acyl group -Mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann-bromamide degrad ation and Curtius rearrangement.

(10 Lectures)

Sulphur containing compounds:

Preparation and reactions of thiols, thioethers and sulphonic acids.

(4 Lectures)

Reference Books:

• Morrison, R. T. & Boyd, R. N. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.

Ltd. (Pearson Education).

• Finar, I. L. Organic Chemistry (Volume 1 ), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.

(Pearson Education).

• Graham Solomons, T.W. Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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CH303:PHYSICALCHEMISTRY-III

(Credits:04)

Max Marks : 7560 hours

1. Semester paper 60Time allowed - 3 hrs

ii. Internal Assesments 15Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections : A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 10 marks each. Section C will consist of 10 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions (Section C 9th question being compulsory) selecting two questions from each of A and B sections.

SECTION - A

Phase Equilibria:

Concept of phases, components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for

nonreactive and reactive systems; Clausius -Clapeyron equation and its applications to solid-liquid, liquid-vapour and solid -vapour equilibria, phase diagram for one component systems,

with applications. Phase diagrams for systems of solid -liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions.Three component systems, water-chloroform -acetic acid system, triangular plots.

Binary Solutions:

Gibbs-Duhem -Margules equation, its derivation and applications to

fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal), azeotropes, lever rule, partial miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation.

Nernst distribution law: its derivation and applications.

(30 Lectures)

SECTION - B

Chemical Kinetics:

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction,differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate expressions up to first order only): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii) consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady -state approximation in reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions.Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates.

(16 Lectures)

Catalysis:

Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis -Menten mechanism, acid -base catalysis.

(8 Lectures)

Surface Chemistry:

Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms. nature of adsorbed state.

(6 Lectures)

Reference Books:

• Peter Atkins & Julio De Paula, Physical Chemistry 9th Ed., Oxford University Press

(2010).

• Castellan, G. W. Physical Chemistry , 4thEd., Narosa (2004).

• McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D., Molecular Thermodynamics, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.:

New Delhi (2004).

• Engel, T. & Reid, P. Physical Chemistry 3rdEd., Prentice-Hall (2012).

• Assael, M. J.; Goodwin, A. R. H.; Stamatoudis, M.; Wakeham, W. A. & Will, S.

Commonly Asked Questions in Thermodynamics. CRC Press: NY (2011).

• Zundhal, S.S. Chemistry concepts and applications Cengage India (2011).

• Ball, D. W. Physic al Chemistry Cengage India (2012).

• Mortimer, R. G. Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed., Elsevier: NOIDA, UP (2009).

• Levine, I. N. Physical Chemistry 6thEd., Tata McGraw-Hill (2011).

• Metz, C. R. Physical Chemistry 2nd Ed., Tata McGraw-Hill (2009).

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CH304:BASIC ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY

(Credits:02)

Max Marks : 5060 hours

1. Semester paper 40Time allowed - 3 hrs

ii. Internal Assesments 10Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections : A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 8 marks each. Section C will consist of 8 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 1 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions (Section C 9th question being compulsory) selecting two questions from each of A and B sections.

SECTION - A

Introduction:

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry and its interdisciplinary nature, Concept of sampling, accuracy and precision, methods of expressing accuracy and precision, Types of error in analytical measurements, significant figures, confidence limit.

(8 Lectures)

Analysis of Soil:

Types of soil, Concept of pH, Complexometric titrations: Chelation and Chelating agents, use of indicators , Determination of pH of soil samples. Estimation of Calcium and Magnesium ions as Calcium carbonate by complexometric titration.

(12 Lectures)

Analysis of Water:

Definition of pure water, sources responsible for contaminating water, water sampling methods, water purification methods. Determination of pH, acidity and alkalinity of a water sample. Determination of dissolved oxygen (DO), BOD, COD.

(10 Lectures)

Section-B

Analysis of Food Products:

Nutritional value of foods, idea about food processing and food preservations and adulteration. Identification of adulterants in some common food items like coffee powder, asafoetida, chilli powder, turmeric powder, coriander powder and pulses, etc. Analysis of preservatives and colouring matter.

Chromatography:

Introduction, definition, types of chromatopraphy, column chromatography, paper chromatography, Thin layer chromatography, theoretical principle of chromatographic techniques, experimental details, development of the chromatogram, Qualitative and quantitative analysis by chromatography.

(15 Lectures)

High Performance Liquid Chromatography:

Introduction to HPLC, principle, instrumentation, column efficiency and selectivity, applications.

Ion -Exchange:

Introduction, principle, different types of ion-exchangers: cation exchangers, anion exchanger, regeneration, selection of suitable systems, ion-exchange capacity, ion exchange techniques, applications in analytical chemistry. Spectrophotometric determination of Iron in Vitamin / Dietary Tablets. Spectrophotometric Identification and Determination of Caffeine and Benzoic Acid in Soft Drink.

(15 Lectures)

Reference Books:

1. Willard, H. H. Instrumental Methods of Analysis,CBS Publishers.

2. Skoog & Lerry. Instrumental Methods of Analysis , Saunders College Publications, New

York.

3. Skoog, D.A.; West, D.M. & Holler, F.J. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 6thEd.,

Saunders College Publishing, Fort Worth (1992).

4. Harris, D. C. Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W. H.Freeman.

5. Dean, J. A. Analytical Chemistry Notebook, McGrawHill.

6. Day, R. A. & Underwood, A. L. QuantitativeAnalysis, Prentice Hall of India.

7. Freifelder, D. Physical Biochemistry 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., N.Y. USA

(1982).

8. Cooper, T.G. The Tools of Biochemistry, John Wileyand Sons, N.Y. USA. 16 (1977).

9. Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis7thEd., Prentice Hall.

10.Vogel, A. I. Vogel’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis6thEd., Prentice Hall.

11. Robinson, J.W. Undergraduate InstrumentalAnalysis 5thEd., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New

York(1995).

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CH305: MATHEMATICS

(Credits:04)

Max Marks : 7560 hours

1. Semester paper 60Time allowed - 3 hrs

ii. Internal Assesments 15Pass Marks : 35%

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

The question paper will consist of three sections : A, B and C. Sections A and B will have four questions each from the respective section of the syllabus and will carry 10 marks each. Section C will consist of 10 short answer questions that will cover the entire syllabus and will be of 2 marks each.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CANDIDATES

Candidates are required to attempt five questions (Section C 9th question being compulsory) selecting two questions from each of A and B sections.

SECTION - A

Logarithm Relations and Curve Sketching:

Introduction, Fundamental properties and its numerical problems, System of logarithm (natural and common), characteristic-mantissa their rules and numerical problems, table of logarithm and anti-logarithm. Graphical representation: Linear equation with two variables, simultaneous linear equation in two variables, quadratic functions and slope determination of straight line.

(15 Lectures)

Differentiation and Partial Differentiation:

Basic concepts: sets, functions, limit and their numerical problems. Differential coefficient of a function, derivatives of functions (xn, xy, x/y, ex, logarithmic and trigonometric) and application of differentiation for determination of maxima and minima of algebraic functions. Partial differentiation: Introduction, partial differentiation of functions (xy and logarithmic).

(15 Lectures)

SECTION-B

Integration:

Introduction, integration of some functions (xn, ex, xy, logarithmic and simple trigonometric).

Permutation, Combination And Factorial:

Problems concerning permutation, combination and factorial including circular permutation.

Probability: Random experiment and sample space, Types of events (simple and compound) and their numerical problems.

(15 Lectures)

Matrices and Determinant:

Types and order of matrices (Null, Row, Column, Unit, Diagonal, Horizontal, Vertical and square). Operation (addition, subtraction and multiplication) on these matrices using scalar quantities, Laws of matrices multiplication and their problems. Transpose, cofactor and inverse of matrices. Determinants: Introduction, expansion, properties and operations of determinants and their numerical problems.

(15 Lectures)

Reference Books:

1. Thomas and Finney ,Calculas and Analytical Geometry
2. D. Somasundaram and B. Choudhary, A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997.

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CH306 : INORGANIC CHEMISTRY -IILAB

(Credits:02)

Maximum Marks:70 (External-50, Internal-20)

Practical : 60Lectures

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

Candidates are required to perform two experiments. Distribution of marks will be as under:

1. Viva-voce - 10

2. Note-book - 10

3. Inorganic Experiments – 30 (15 marks each, 5 marks for initial write-up and 10

marks for performance)

4. Total marks ------50

EXPERIMETS

A)Iodo/Iodimetric Titrations

1)Determination of atomic mass of the alkali metal.

2)Determination of number of water molecules in blue vitriol.

3)Determination of percentage purity and available oxygen in potassium dichromate.

B)Inorganic Preparations

4)Preparation of cuprous chloride,Cu2Cl2.

5)Preparation of Hg[Co(NCS)4].

6)Preparation of tris-thiourea chloride.

7)Preparation of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2.

8)Preparation of Potash alum or chrome alum.

C)Complexometric Titrations

9)Estimation of Cu(II).

10)Estimation of Ni(II).

11)Estimation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in determination of hardness of water.

Reference Books:

• Vogel, A.I. A Textbook of Q uantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS. 1978

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CH307 : ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -IILAB

(Credits:02)

Maximum Marks:70 (External-50, Internal-20)

Practical : 60Lectures

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAPER SETTER

Candidates are required to perform two experiments. Distribution of marks will be as under:

1. Viva-voce - 10

2. Note-book - 10

3. Organic Experiments – 30 (15 marks each, 5 marks for initial write-up and 10

marks for performance)

4. Total marks ------50

EXPERIMETS

1. Detection of extra elements in organic compounds (N, S and halogens).

2. Functional group test for nitro, amine and amide groups.

3. Qualitative analysis of unknown organic compounds containing simple functional groups

(alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols and carbonyl compounds).

Reference Books

• Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education (2009).

• Furniss, B.S.; Hannaford, A.J.; Smith, P.W.G.; Tatchell, A.R. Practical Organic

Chemistry, 5th Ed., Pearson (2012).

• Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:

Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press (2000).

• Ahluwalia, V.K. & Dhingra, S. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry: Qualitative

Analysis, University Press (2000).

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CH308 : PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY -IIILAB

(Credits:02)

Maximum Marks:70 (External-50, Internal-20)

Practical: 60Lectures

Instructions for Examiners and Candidates

Candidates are required to perform two experiments. Distribution of marks will be as under:

1. Viva- Voce ------10

2. Note- books ------10

3. Physical Experiments - 30 (15 marks for each experiment)

(5 marks for initial write up, 10 marks for performance)

4. Total marks ------50

EXPERIMETS

1. Determination of critical solution temperature (CST) and critical solution concentration (CSC) for phenol-water system.

2. Phase equilibria: To determine the distribution coefficient of Iodine between carbon tetrachloride and water.

3. Chemical Kinetics:To determine the specific reaction rate of hydrolysis of methyl acetate /ethyl acetate catalysed by hydrochloric acid at room temperature.

4. Adsorption : Verify the Freundlich adsorption isotherms for adsorption of acetic acid onactivated charcoal.

5. Thin layer chromatography : To separate a mixture of dyes by thin layer chromatography using cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (8.5 : 1.5)

6. Determine the molecular weight of naphthalene by Rast `s method using camphor.

7. Refratometry: To determine the refractive index and molar refractivity of the given liquid (methanol , ethanol,propanol)

Reference Books:

• Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand &

Co.: New Delhi (2011).

• Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry

8thEd.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003).

• Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman

& Co.: New York (2003).

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SEMESTER-IV

CH401:Inorganic Chemistry-III

(Credits:04)

Max Marks : 7560 hours